{"id":2470,"date":"2022-01-02T08:24:27","date_gmt":"2022-01-02T08:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2470"},"modified":"2022-01-02T08:24:31","modified_gmt":"2022-01-02T08:24:31","slug":"3-1-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/3-1-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a1<\/sup><\/strong> \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f\u06291<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmad.khazala@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj311<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641
<\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

Visual thinking skills contained in the history book for the seventh grade in Jordan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Khaleed Hassan Al-jbali1<\/sup><\/strong> Dr. Khaleed Sulieman Al-shryideh1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Ajloun National University<\/p>\n

Email: ahmad.khazala@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2022, 3(1); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj311<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/01\/2022 Accepted at 04\/12\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The current study aimed to identify the level of inclusion of visual thinking skills in the history book for the seventh grade in Jordan. To achieve the goal of the study, the researchers used the analytical method by analyzing the content of the history book for the seventh grade, and a list of visual thinking skills was prepared, and its validity and stability were confirmed, and in light of it, the content of the history book for the seventh grade was analyzed during the first semester of the year (2021). The results showed that the highest availability of visual thinking skills was in the first semester, where it got the highest total of (56) recurrences, and a percentage of (52.33%), while the second semester got a total of (51) recurrences. , with a percentage of (47.66%), and the highest skill was the skill of reading visual forms, where the number of iterations reached (53) iterations of the content of the sample of the study and for both chapters, and with a percentage of (49.53%), and the skill of linking relationships in the visual form got the least skill With a total frequency of (3) iterations of the content of the study sample for both chapters, and with a percentage of (2.80%).<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>history book, visual thinking skills, seventh grade.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647, \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629,\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (2014) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629, \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629, \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 (2016: 7) \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c 2020: 22).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 2016).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a (2009). \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631: \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631: \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n
  4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631: \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 (2017) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f (2014) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 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    \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 Othman, <\/a>2019)) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (79) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 (22) \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.01) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.01) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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    \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f (2014) \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (2017) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Othman (2019) \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a (2019) \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (2017) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a (2019) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (2017) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n

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    \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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