{"id":2333,"date":"2021-12-02T16:08:35","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T16:08:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2333"},"modified":"2021-12-02T16:08:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T16:08:40","slug":"2-12-29","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/2-12-29\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062f<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: khaledalmaaytah1974@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>HNSJ, 2021, 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21229<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/29\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b-1.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 24\/11\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f 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<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-2333-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Renewal in Modern Arabic and Islamic Political Ideology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dr. Muhammad Emara is a model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dr: Khaled Salameh Almaaytah<sup>1<\/sup> Dr:Zaid Nayef Ali Al-Qa&#8217;aida<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher in Arab and Islamic political thought, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Email: khaledalmaaytah1974@gmail.com.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher in Arab and Islamic political thought, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">HNSJ, 2021, 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21229<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/12\/2021 Accepted at 24\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study investigates the renewal in the modern Islamic political ideology based on the viewpoints of the thinker Mohamed Amara. In addition, it brings to light the intellectual and modern trends that he imams present under the framework of the political aspect which is based on the values of the ruling system of Islam. The study importance lies in bringing to light the true nature of the concept of renewal as an important basis for reinitiating the political Islamic ideology and reinforcing the ideality of the Islamic rule. The study presents an ideological enterprise that can be applied by the ruling system so as to free the Islamic thoughts and mentality from the ideological rigidity that affected it over the past centuries. The study adopted the historical approach-political analysis so as to investigate the historical groundings and bases for the concept of modern renewal of the Islamic Ideology in the thoughts of both thinkers. The inductive analytical approach was also adopted for the sake of studying the political phenomena based on the thoughts of political thinker and the thought of thinker of the subject of concern. The study&#8217;s questions were determined as follows: What is the philosophy of the Islamic renewal ideology based on the viewpoints of the thinker Mohamed Amara? What are the foundations of the renewal in the Islamic political ideology based on the opinions of the thinker Mohamed Amara?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that Dr. Muhammad Emara was the most prominent advocate of renewal and reform and one of the figures of the Arab-Islamic renaissance in the modern era, and his renewal message is: liberating thought from the shackles of imitation, purifying Islam from heresies and misguidance, returning it to its first purity, and reconsidering the presentation of Islamic doctrines in the light of modern thought, or reconciling religion and science.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study concludes with the following recommendations, the most prominent of which were: the need to promote attention to the subject of renewal in the Islamic political ideology, and to seek to correct the misconceptions that have been suspended in the minds of many modern-day thinkers. Add to that the importance of rationalizing their awareness leading to resisting the currents of extremism, inertia and intolerance, in order to meet the challenges facing the Arab world at the current stage.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: Renewal, Modern Islamic Political Ideology, Mohammed Amara.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 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justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 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\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>5- \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645.(1994). <strong>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646.(2017).<strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629- \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f(5)\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a.(2012). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629.(2017). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> \u06371\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1986). <strong>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0624\u064a.(1996). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644.(1996). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (100\u0647\u0640 &#8211; 1370\u0647\u0640)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a.(1988).<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2004).<strong> \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646.(2008). <strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2013). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1977). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1981). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1988\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1988\/\u0628). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1988\/\u062c). <strong>\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1989). <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1990). <strong>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1991\/\u0623). <strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1991\/\u0628). <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1993\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1993\/\u0628). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0640\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0640\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f(1993\/\u062c<strong>). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1997\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1997\/\u0628). <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1998\/ \u0623). <strong>\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/strong>\u060c \u06373\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1998\/ \u0628). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1998\/\u062c). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2000). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2003). <strong>\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2005\/\u0623).<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2005\/\u0628).<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2006\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2007\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c <\/strong>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2008\/\u0623). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2008\/\u0628). <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u06375\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2008\/\u062c). <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2009). <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2011). <strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2014).<strong> \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1979). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2012). <strong>\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641.(2001). <strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8230;. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2020). <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d. (2003). \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 10-11(7)\u060c 179-203<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0648\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. (2019). \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> 1(6)\u060c 165-196.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. (2015). \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/strong>\u060c 5(2)\u060c 82-111.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1987). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 8(2)\u060c 5-6\u060c 25-43.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2013). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 40\u060c 722-728.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641.(2018). <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d. (2003). \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 10-11(7)\u060c 179-203<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0648\u0637\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. (2019). \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> 1(6)\u060c 165-196.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. (2015). \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/strong>\u060c 5(2)\u060c 82-111.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(1987). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 8(2)\u060c 5-6\u060c 25-43.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2013). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 40\u060c 722-728.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f.(2006). \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u00ab\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 8:57 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.addustour.com\/articles\/460613-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2020). <strong>\u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.. \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644 \u201c\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u201d\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631.(2020). \u0627\u0644<strong>\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 12:38 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alwafd.news\/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-\">https:\/\/alwafd.news\/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629. (2020). <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.. \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/9\/2020 \u0641\u064a 10:17 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/content\/35970\">https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/content\/35970<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2019). <strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061f!\u060c<\/strong> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u060c (4822)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/11\/2019 \u0641\u064a 5:03 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/ns1.almothaqaf.com\/a\/b12-1\/936668\">http:\/\/ns1.almothaqaf.com\/a\/b12-1\/936668<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2015). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1\/9\/2020 \u0641\u064a 12:47 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/arabi21.com\/\">https:\/\/arabi21.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2019\/\u0623). <strong>\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10\/3\/2020 \u0641\u064a 11:18 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/al-omah.com\/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-\">https:\/\/al-omah.com\/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2019\/\u0628). <strong>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a12:01 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/al-omah.com\/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-\">https:\/\/al-omah.com\/%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0647. (2020). <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a 1:57 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/arabi21.com\/story\/1248919\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.(2020). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a12:01 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:AUItsAj6n2oJ:https:\/\/www.ida2at.com\/scholar-dr-muhammad-death\/+&amp;cd=1&amp;hl=ar&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=jo\">https:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:AUItsAj6n2oJ:https:\/\/www.ida2at.com\/scholar-dr-muhammad-death\/+&amp;cd=1&amp;hl=ar&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=jo<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2020). <strong>\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.. \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a12:01 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/midan\/intellect\/history\/2020\/6\/2\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/midan\/intellect\/history\/2020\/6\/2\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a.(2020). <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.. \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a12:18 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:https:\/\/mugtama.com\/articles\/item\/102111-2020-04-05-13-50-39.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2012). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629-\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12\/8\/2020 \u0641\u064a 5:55 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2012\/1\/25\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%AA%D9<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2011). <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 9:58 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.aljarida.com\/articles\/1462013295371767000\/?fbclid=IwAR17y3YtUlzLrMctXSdaU<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f.(2018). <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a<\/strong>. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 9:57 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: https:\/\/www.islamweb.net\/ar\/article\/221458\/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AC-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (2020). <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1\/7\/2020 \u0641\u064a 11:45 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/iraq-amsi.net\/\">http:\/\/iraq-amsi.net\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-2333-footnote-1\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. <a href=\"#post-2333-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0637\u06291 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0648\u062f2 1 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: khaledalmaaytah1974@gmail.com 2 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2333","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2333"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2346,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2333\/revisions\/2346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}