{"id":2320,"date":"2021-12-02T15:51:49","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T15:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=2320"},"modified":"2021-12-02T15:51:59","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T15:51:59","slug":"2-12-23","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/2-12-23\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0637\u064a2 \u0623. \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u062b\u064a3<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 <\/sup>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a .<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: abrahem_m49@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a .<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21223<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/12\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 24\/11\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research title <\/strong><\/p>\n

The role of Murabaha financing in reducing financial risks in Libyan commercial banks<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Ibrahim Masoud Ferjani1<\/sup> Abdel Nasser Abdel Qader Al Saiti 2<\/sup> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Zakaria Ramadan Al-Barghathi 3<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 <\/sup>Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Banking, Faculty of Economics, University of Benghazi.<\/p>\n

Email: abrahem_m49@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> An employee of the Republic Bank, Libya.<\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Accountant in the management of Benina International Airport.<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(12); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj21223<\/p>\n

\n

Published at 01\/12\/2021 Accepted at 24\/11\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The aim of the research is to identify the role that Murabaha financing plays in reducing financial risks in Libyan commercial banks, To achieve the goal of the research and to choose its hypothesis, the research relied on the descriptive analytical method, A special questionnaire was developed for this and distributed to a simple random sample of (111) individuals, Employees of commercial banks in Benghazi, and it was processed using the statistical program (SPSS), The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Murabaha financing contributes to reducing financial risks, The research recommended the necessity of relying on the creditworthiness of customers when implementing the Murabaha financing formula.<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>Islamic Finance, Murabaha financing, financial risk.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0640\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2020)<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 ( 2009-2018)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e (2008)\u060c<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u06cc\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 (2016)\u060c<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 (2005)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (2001)\u060c<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (2016)\u060c<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647.\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c 2019) <\/strong>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

” \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629: ( (H0:<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629: ( (H1:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 <\/a><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( \u0633\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c2020).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 ( \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c 2019 )<\/strong> \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 46 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2012 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647:” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629”(\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c 2012).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 (26:2015) <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 (91:2019) <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 ” \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2020)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n