{"id":1940,"date":"2021-10-31T17:18:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-31T17:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=1940"},"modified":"2021-10-31T17:18:30","modified_gmt":"2021-10-31T17:18:30","slug":"2-11-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/2-11-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0646\u06471<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Hyam-Al Gouna@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj2115<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/11\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 05\/10\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (27) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (350) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/a>Research Article <\/strong><\/p>\n

Exceptional leadership and its impact on creating a climate of institutional happiness among Jordanian public school teachers<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hyam Hussein Hassan El Gouna 1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Jordanian Ministry of Education, Higher Diploma in Information and Communication Technology.<\/p>\n

Email: Hyam-Al Gouna@gmail.com<\/p>\n

HNSJ, 2021, 2(11); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj2115<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Published at 01\/11\/2021 Accepted at 05\/10\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n

The study aimed to identify exceptional leadership and its impact on creating a climate of institutional happiness among Jordanian public school teachers. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach to achieve the objectives of the study, by applying the study tool consisting of (27) paragraphs to the study sample, which amounted to (350) teachers. Of school teachers in Jerash Education Directorate, and the study found that the level of exceptional leadership among school principals fell within the high level, the study also found a statistically significant effect of exceptional leadership in creating a climate of institutional happiness among Jordanian public school teachers. The study also recommended the necessity of providing material and moral support to school principals who follow the exceptional leadership style, to ensure their continuation in this style and encourage others to follow it.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Key Words: <\/strong>exceptional leadership, the climate of happiness, schoolteachers, Jerash Governorate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c 2013).<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

2. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2020\/2021\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0648\u0647 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c 2013).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n

\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0631\u060c 2019):<\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

4. \u0630\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0628\u064b\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

5. \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062b \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

6. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n

7. \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

8. \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

9. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n

10. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 2020):<\/p>\n

1. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

3. \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

5. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

6. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n

7. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (Antonakis & Sivasubramaniam, 2013).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (Krishnan, 2015).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (Avolio, Dvir & shamir, 2012).<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b!\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629!<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

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