{"id":18435,"date":"2026-11-09T17:45:16","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T17:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-52\/"},"modified":"2026-11-09T17:55:28","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T17:55:28","slug":"7-11-52","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-11-52\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 52"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0647\u00b9\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: nahleelhlas@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Ehlas Ibrahem Yassen Nahle\u00b9, Dr. Murad Awadallaha Abdullah\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Doctoral researcher in Teaching and Learning, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b2 An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> nahleelhlas@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1130 - 1149<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-52.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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I. Y.; Abdullah M. A.. (2026). Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Nahle Ehlas Ibrahem Yassen; Abdullah Murad Awadallaha. 2026. \\&quot;Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Nahle E. I. Y.; Abdullah M. A.. 2026. Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-10]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-52\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Nahle E. I. Y.; Abdullah M. A.. Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Nahle E. I. Y.; Abdullah M. A., \\&quot;Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Nahle Ehlas Ibrahem Yassen; Abdullah Murad Awadallaha. \\&quot;Family\u2013Kindergarten Partnership: Roles, Positive Aspects, and Obstacles: A Qualitative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/52&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0625. \u0625. \u064a.\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645. \u0639.. 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This qualitative study explored the roles of families and kindergartens in their partnership, the positive aspects participants perceive in its implementation, and the obstacles that limit its effectiveness, in kindergartens in the Arraba al-Battuf area of the Palestinian interior. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with 15 purposively selected participants (five kindergarten teachers, five specialists, and five parents) between January and February 2026. The data were analyzed thematically in light of Epstein\u2019s six types of involvement. Findings showed that all six types appeared in participants\u2019 descriptions of both the family\u2019s and the kindergarten\u2019s roles, with communication ranked first by both groups, followed by learning at home, while decision-making and collaborating with the community were the least prominent. Fourteen participants reported a perceived positive effect of the partnership on children\u2019s achievement, motivation, behavior, and social interaction, attributing it to consistent guidance across home and kindergarten and to early detection of behavioral concerns. The main obstacles were families\u2019 limited time, which all participants mentioned, followed by limited parental awareness of their role, weak communication, activities that did not suit parents\u2019 circumstances, and economic and cultural differences. The study recommends diversifying communication channels and timings, running awareness workshops for parents, designing flexible activities that fit different family circumstances, widening parents\u2019 participation in educational decisions, and evaluating the partnership periodically.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> family\u2013kindergarten partnership, parental involvement, early childhood education.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u061f\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u061f\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Boco\u015f et al., 2011)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 (Pirchio et al., 2013).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Epstein et al., 2018). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Koivuhovi et al., 2025)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (Sheldon &amp; Jung, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (Boonk et al., 2018)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 (Fyffe, 2025). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Boco\u015f et al., 2011\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 (Boonk et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 (Bartolome &amp; Mamat, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 (Thompson &amp; Brown, 2022\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: <\/strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a: <\/strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Boco\u015f et al., 2011). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a (Antoci &amp; Birtok, 2022). \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 (2024) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 (Boonk et al., 2018\u061b Sapungan &amp; Sapungan, 2014). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c 2011). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Jeynes, 2018). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 (Blitch, 2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 (Epstein et al., 2018). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Johnson &amp; Smith, 2018).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644: <\/strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 (Epstein &amp; Sheldon, 2019). \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 (Lewis et al., 2023).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639: <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c 2022). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c 2024).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Epstein et al., 2018\u061b \u0627\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c 2022)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639: <\/strong>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (Epstein &amp; Sheldon, 2019).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Tan et al., 2025). \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 (Otero-Mayer et al., 2026). \u0648\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a (2024) \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629: <\/strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629: <\/strong>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a&#8221; (Sheridan et al., 2019)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Lewis et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: <\/strong>\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a (Chen &amp; Lee, 2019) \u0623\u0646 (68%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632 (Garcia &amp; Martinez, 2023) \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0643\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (Thompson &amp; Brown, 2022).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Wong &amp; Patel, 2022)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Chen et al., 2021).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629: <\/strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b (Fyffe, 2025). \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 (Coelho, 2026).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (Goshen, 2019).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 (Herath, 2024)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a (Li et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (62) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a (2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (666) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0633 (Arar, 2026 &amp; Karadas) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Bartolome, 2020 &amp; Mamat) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Halimah et al., 2020) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (12) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648(3) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 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\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Adams, 2015).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 1948) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 (15) \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a: (5) \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648(5) \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648(5) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0647.\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0639.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0646.\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0631.\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0645.\u0635<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u0634.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u0631.\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u0623.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>\u0647.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>\u0633.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>\u0628.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0628)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>\u0646.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>\u062c.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>\u0628.\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>\u0634.\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629: <\/strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 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<\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2026. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 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justify;\">\u062d\u064f\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a (Thematic Analysis)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0634: <em>&#8220;\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 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justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0643: <em>&#8220;\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 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\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a (Gahwaji, 2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 (2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a (Rubayyi, 2024) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0623\u0646 &#8216;\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8217; \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0639): <em>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0628\u060c \u0646): <em>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: <em>&#8220;\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Halimah et al., 2020) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a (Bartolome &amp; Mamat, 2020) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a (Gahwaji, 2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a (2020) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a (Gahwaji, 2019) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 14 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 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<em>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628: <em>&#8220;\u0623\u0647\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636: \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 (Edillor &amp; Marquez, 2025) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 (Li &amp; Lagos, 2026) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 (Musengamana, 2023) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Smith et al., 2020). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0639): <em>&#8220;\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: <em>&#8220;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628: <em>&#8220;\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u061b \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u060c \u0646): <em>&#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a: <em>&#8220;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644: <em>&#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8216;\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a&#8217; \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 &#8216;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644&#8217; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0631\u060c \u0642): <em>&#8220;\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: <em>&#8220;\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u062c: <em>&#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a: <em>&#8220;\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649: <em>&#8220;\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0639): <em>&#8220;\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a: <em>&#8220;\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629&#8221;.<\/em> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u062c: <em>&#8220;\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0633 (Arar &amp; Karadas, 2026) \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a (Rubayyi, 2024) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a (Chen &amp; Lee, 2019) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 (Li &amp; Lagos, 2026) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Halimah et al., 2020) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0633 (Arar &amp; Karadas, 2026) \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 (Thompson &amp; Brown, 2022) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0644 (Wong &amp; Patel, 2022) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u064a (Rubayyi, 2024) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629. (2025). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 4(4)\u060c 1-17.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Hasan, R. (2025). Exploring family\u2013school collaboration strategies to promote social and emotional learning: A qualitative study. Manar Al-Sharq Journal of Education and Educational Technology, 4(4), 1\u201317.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a. (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1(1)\u060c 14- 21.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmeideh, F. (2022). Promoting parental involvement in early childhood programs. Al-Quds Journal of Academic Research, 1(1), 14\u201321.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0637. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u060c 90(1)\u060c 680-733.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Asmari, S., &amp; Al-Sherbini, G. (2024). The role of educational policies in implementing selected family\u2013school partnership strategies from the perspective of primary school leaders in Abha and Khamis Mushait. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tanta University, 90(1), 680\u2013733.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062a. (2025). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 41(1)\u060c 260-284.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dosari, A., Abdel-Moaty, A., Al-Halawani, H., &amp; Ahmed, N. (2025). The role of school leadership in promoting family\u2013school partnerships to address online risks among secondary school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 41(1), 260\u2013284.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631. (2024). \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1)\u060c 333 &#8211; 365.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Otaibi, M. (2024). A proposed model of parental partnership for developing kindergarten children\u2019s life skills through the Reggio Emilia approach. University of Bisha Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(1), 333\u2013365.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2011). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 38(6)\u060c 2112-2126.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Anaswah, S., &amp; Al-Rashdan, A. (2011). The role of the family and Islamic school in shaping the personality of the Muslim child. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 38(6), 2112\u20132126.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0649. (2020). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (16)\u060c 130-157.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Anazi, H. (2020). Parental involvement in kindergartens from the perspective of educational supervisors and teachers in Kuwait. Journal of Educational Sciences, (16), 130\u2013157.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0629. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Masalha, R. (2024). Educational partnership and its importance for developing social and emotional learning in kindergartens within the Green Line and in East Jerusalem [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Arab American University, Palestine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2020). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 45(3)\u060c 209-226.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Malkawi, S., &amp; Al-Qudah, M. (2020). 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International Journal of Educational Equity, 27(1), 41\u201359.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18435","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18435"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18435\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18436,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18435\/revisions\/18436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}