{"id":18226,"date":"2026-10-30T11:34:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T11:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-11-28\/"},"modified":"2026-10-30T18:08:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T18:08:51","slug":"7-11-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-11-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 28"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Rofaida Salah Khamaise<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/28' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/711\/28<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 541 - 574<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-10-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue11\/7-11-28.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_80960'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Rofaida Salah Khamaise&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-28\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-11-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Khamaise R. S. (2026). The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Khamaise Rofaida Salah. 2026. \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Khamaise R. S. 2026. The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-11-01. [Cited 2026-11-01]. 7(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-28\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Khamaise R. S. The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-11-01; 7(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Khamaise R. S, \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Khamaise Rofaida Salah. \\&quot;The Effectiveness of a Virtual Learning Program in Developing Biological Concepts and Scientific Processes among Eighth-Grade Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 11, 2026-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631. \u0635. \u0645. (2026). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643. 2026. \u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631. \u0635. \u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-11-01]. 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-11-28\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631. \u0635. \u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-11-01\u061b 7(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631. \u0635. \u0645. \u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2026-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj711\\\/28&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0652 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0651\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (63) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 (PraxiLabs)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a virtual laboratory-based educational program in developing biology concepts and scientific processes among eighth-grade students. The researcher adopted an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design using two groups (experimental and control). The sample consisted of 63 eighth-grade students from a preparatory school in the Northern District. The educational program was based on the PraxiLabs platform and covered the topics of the cell and cell division units. To collect data, the researcher developed a test of biological concepts, and a science processes scale. The results showed the excellence of the experimental group. The study recommends utilizing virtual labs in science teaching and expanding their use in classrooms. It also recommends that educators and educational supervisors adopt them as a tool to support interactive learning.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Virtual educational program, virtual labs, biology concepts, science processes, eighth-grade students.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 (\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025(\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a (2022) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c 2022)\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 )\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 2022(.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0649\u060c 2022(.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (2026Xian et al., ) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 (\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u060c 2024)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Piaget,1971)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Brock, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 Rosli \u0648 (2024) Ishak \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629Li \u0648 (2024) Liang \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.3.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 Afify, 2023))\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a<strong> \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>Naimi-Akbar<strong> et al., 2024)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 (2023) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 )\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c 2023)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a (2022) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2019) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 (Al-Ansi et al., 2023)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Chengere et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 (<strong>Rosli <\/strong>&amp;<strong> Ishak, 2024)\u060c <\/strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631)2023( \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (Chen, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 :(Praxilabs)<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645(2018)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a) \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Bani Yassin, 2022)<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 (2023) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2026) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Farida, 2023)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639\u064a (2025) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1977))\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Kachi et al., 2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Laboratory Based Instruction &#8211; VLBI) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (339) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (271) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (68) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (46) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Haberbosch et al., 2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (64) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Maratkyzy et al., 2025) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<strong>Labster<\/strong>) ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (270) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (320) \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (90) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<strong>Labster<\/strong>) ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (90) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<strong>Labster<\/strong>))\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (90) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a(<strong>Labster<\/strong>)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a (2024) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (58) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u00d6zeler et al., 2024) \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (191) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a (2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (60) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (30) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (30) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646(Asare et al., 2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 (Uwitonze &amp; Nizeyimana, 2022) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (162) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (81) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (81) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 (Al-Nakhleh, 2022) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (189) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk234600807\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Nilawati et al., 2024) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a(Systematic Literature Review)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 (20) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2015\u20132024)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Google Scholar \u0648(Garba Rujukan Digital \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646 (Penn, 2025) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (98) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (Blackboard) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639\u064a (2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644(<strong>PhET<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (64) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (32) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644(<strong>PhET<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (32) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644(<strong>PhET<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644(<strong>PhET<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Yusuf et al., 2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (160) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (80) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (80) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 (BCUT)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645(SPSR). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 ) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Pairi et al., 2024) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631) \u0641\u064a (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627). \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0646 (Chen, Hwang, &amp; Chen, 2024) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645(Virtual Lab) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a (\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (51) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (26) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (25) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 (Kadir, 2023) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629(<strong>PhET<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627) \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (56) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<strong>PhET<\/strong>)) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a (2022) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (100) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (88) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (44) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u062a (44) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 65% \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629( 2025) \u0623\u0646\u0651( 52%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Mahmud et al (2025)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021) \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2024) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0651\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645(2025-2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2024) \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a) \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648(\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0633 (2022) \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2022) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c (DNA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 <strong>Chengere<\/strong> \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a(Quasi Experimental Design)\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0625\u0630 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (4567) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629(2025-2026)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (63) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (31) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (32) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629( (PraxiLabs\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (DNA)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 PraxiLabs)) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u063916) ) \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062745)) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631(PraxiLabs).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c 2023\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c 2022\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0649\u060c 2022) \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646(15) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<td>2\u060c 7\u060c 15<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<td>1\u060c 4\u060c 6\u060c 10<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>3\u060c 5\u060c 11\u060c 14<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td>8\u060c 9\u060c 12\u060c 13<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 (15) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (80%) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a <\/strong>\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 (16) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (0.795) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (15) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646( 0.50 \u06480.75) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (Rezigalla, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Q1<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q6<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>Q11<\/td>\n<td>0.56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q2<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q7<\/td>\n<td>0.56<\/td>\n<td>Q12<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q3<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>Q8<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>Q13<\/td>\n<td>0.56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q4<\/td>\n<td>0.56<\/td>\n<td>Q9<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>Q14<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q5<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>Q10<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>Q15<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646( 0.196 \u06480.759) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646:( 6\u060c9) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (Faria &amp; Miranda, 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238329423\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Q1<\/td>\n<td>0.440<\/td>\n<td>Q6<\/td>\n<td>0.196<\/td>\n<td>Q11<\/td>\n<td>0.537<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q2<\/td>\n<td>0.316<\/td>\n<td>Q7<\/td>\n<td>0.378<\/td>\n<td>Q12<\/td>\n<td>0.432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q3<\/td>\n<td>0.432<\/td>\n<td>Q8<\/td>\n<td>0.545<\/td>\n<td>Q13<\/td>\n<td>0.537<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q4<\/td>\n<td>0.263<\/td>\n<td>Q9<\/td>\n<td>0.196<\/td>\n<td>Q14<\/td>\n<td>0.270<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q5<\/td>\n<td>0.759<\/td>\n<td>Q10<\/td>\n<td>0.344<\/td>\n<td>Q15<\/td>\n<td>0.440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2021\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c2023\u061b \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0649\u060c2023)\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646(21) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064f\u0635\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (21) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 (45) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5).<a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238329461\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1\u060c 2<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>3\u060c 4<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>5\u060c 6<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>7\u060c 8\u060c 9<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>10\u060c11\u060c12<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624<\/td>\n<td>13\u060c 14<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>15\u060c16\u060c17<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>18\u060c 19<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>20\u060c21<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (16) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627) \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (0.807) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (21) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646( 0.25\u06480.75) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (21) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238329712\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em> \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Q1<\/td>\n<td>0.44<\/td>\n<td>Q8<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>Q15<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q2<\/td>\n<td>0.44<\/td>\n<td>Q9<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>Q16<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q3<\/td>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>Q10<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q17<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q4<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q11<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>Q18<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q5<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<td>Q12<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>Q19<\/td>\n<td>0.38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q6<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>Q13<\/td>\n<td>0.56<\/td>\n<td>Q20<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q7<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q14<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<td>Q21<\/td>\n<td>0.37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646( 0.141 \u0648 0.554 )\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (11 )\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644(7) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Q1<\/td>\n<td>0.535<\/td>\n<td>Q8<\/td>\n<td>0.333<\/td>\n<td>Q15<\/td>\n<td>0.423<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q2<\/td>\n<td>0.320<\/td>\n<td>Q9<\/td>\n<td>0.554<\/td>\n<td>Q16<\/td>\n<td>0.200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q3<\/td>\n<td>0.364<\/td>\n<td>Q10<\/td>\n<td>0.358<\/td>\n<td>Q17<\/td>\n<td>0.333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q4<\/td>\n<td>0.455<\/td>\n<td>Q11<\/td>\n<td>0.141<\/td>\n<td>Q18<\/td>\n<td>0.390<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q5<\/td>\n<td>0.364<\/td>\n<td>Q12<\/td>\n<td>0.212<\/td>\n<td>Q19<\/td>\n<td>0.554<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q6<\/td>\n<td>0.467<\/td>\n<td>Q13<\/td>\n<td>0.441<\/td>\n<td>Q20<\/td>\n<td>0.405<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Q7<\/td>\n<td>0.263<\/td>\n<td>Q14<\/td>\n<td>0.231<\/td>\n<td>Q21<\/td>\n<td>0.333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples t-test)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627)\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645.<a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651168\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651169\"><\/a><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651170\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc225957825\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651175\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238331776\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651176\"><\/a><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 (25)<\/th>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 (15)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>12.78<\/td>\n<td>4.84<\/td>\n<td>8.66<\/td>\n<td>2.72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>12.52<\/td>\n<td>4.89<\/td>\n<td>10.48<\/td>\n<td>2.57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (8.66)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (2.72) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (10.48)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (2.57)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc225957826\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651177\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238331819\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651178\"><\/a><em>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>F<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627(\u03b7\u00b2)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>357.059<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>357.059<\/td>\n<td>306.481<\/td>\n<td>0.001*<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td>60.412<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>60.412<\/td>\n<td>51.855<\/td>\n<td>0.0001*<\/td>\n<td>0.13<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/td>\n<td>69.902<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td>1.165<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/td>\n<td>479.556<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627) (\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.13)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (\u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 (Cohen, 1988)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f(\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.01) \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.06)) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648(\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (13%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc211321898\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc225957827\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651179\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238331845\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc225957828\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc211321899\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18226-_Toc226651180\"><\/a><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>8.59<\/td>\n<td>0.191<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10.55<\/td>\n<td>0.194<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (8.59) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.191)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (10.55) \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.194). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (2022) \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Naimi-Akbar et al.,2024) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 (Rosli &amp; Ishak,2024) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a (Li &amp; Liang, 2024) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 (\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Meronda et al.,2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 (Zhang &amp; Liu, 2024) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a (Afify, 2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 (\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646(2025) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a(2024)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a(2023)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 (2022)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Bani Yassin) (2022)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644 (2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18226-_Hlk238331917\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>&#8220;\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>9.31<\/td>\n<td>3.74<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">61<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">7.917<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">0.001*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td>31<\/td>\n<td>15.90<\/td>\n<td>2.77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2022) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627( (Zhang &amp; Liu, 2024\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Chengere et al., 2025) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 Kassaye et al., 2025)) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 Mahmoud et al., 2025)) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643 (Brock, 2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0646 (2025)\u060c \u0648(\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2024)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2025)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (2024). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 9 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 2)\u060c 421\u2013444.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Rab\u02bf, Jihad, Al-Batoush, Razan, &amp; Arouri, Yousef. (2024). The reality of using virtual laboratories in teaching at the University of Jordan from faculty members\u2019 perspectives. The Jordanian Educational Journal, 9(2, Supplement 2), 421\u2013444.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646. (2025). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/em>\u060c 6(20)\u060c 215-237.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asaad, Nourhan. (2025). The effectiveness of a program based on augmented reality applications in developing selected scientific concepts among kindergarten children. Journal of Scientific Research in Childhood, 6(20), 215\u2013237.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 STEM \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 5(1)\u060c 60-85.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ashmouri, Khaled, &amp; Hasil, Ali. (2023). The effect of using the STEM approach in teaching on the construction of scientific concepts among third-level chemistry students at the Faculty of Education, Sana\u2019a. Sana\u2019a University Journal of Human Sciences, 5(1), 60\u201385.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645. (2025). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c<em>8<\/em> (14)\u060c 1095-1151.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al Abdulqader, Reem. (2025). The role of augmented reality in developing scientific concepts among third-grade primary pupils from female teachers\u2019 perspectives. South Valley University International Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(14), 1095\u20131151.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633. (2025). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<em>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 9(51)\u060c 359-380.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tamimi, Maysaa, &amp; Nasser, Inas. (2025). Evaluating the sixth-grade Science and Life curriculum according to the principles of constructivist theory. Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 9(51), 359\u2013380.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 (2022). <em>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0645\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jabri, Abdulkarim. (2022). A proposed framework for using virtual laboratories in teaching laboratory biology experiments at Yemeni universities [Master\u2019s thesis, Thamar University].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2025). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (46)\u060c 468-498.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jad\u02bfi, Mohammed. (2025). The effectiveness of conducting practical experiments included in the chemistry textbook using PhET virtual laboratories in developing science process skills among first-year secondary students. Journal of Educational Sciences and Humanities Studies, (46), 468\u2013498.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629. (2022). <em>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jaafari, Jumaa. (2022). The role of the virtual laboratory in developing students\u2019 science process skills from chemistry teachers\u2019 perspectives in schools in South Al Sharqiyah Governorate, Sultanate of Oman [Master\u2019s thesis, A\u2019Sharqiyah University].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (8)\u060c 129-173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hafrah, Akram, &amp; Al-Duais, Safiya. (2022). The effectiveness of using the virtual laboratory in developing creative thinking in physics among first-year secondary students in the Republic of Yemen. Al-Madinah International University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, (8), 129\u2013173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633. (2021). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d<\/em>\u060c <em>17<\/em>(85)\u060c 334\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23813\/FA\/85\/13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hamad, Abbas. (2021). The effect of teaching using laboratories and virtual simulations on science process skills among fifth-year scientific\/applied-track students in chemistry. Al-Fath Journal, 17(85), 334\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23813\/FA\/85\/13<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 2<\/em> (13)\u060c 73-83.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hosni, Omar. (2023). The effect of using virtual laboratory applications in the classroom on developing academic achievement in science among eighth-grade basic education students. Journal of Curricula and Teaching Methods, 2(13), 73\u201383.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (VARK) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u2013 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>9<\/em>(3)\u060c 368-386.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zghoul, Manar, &amp; Al-Ayasrah, Ahmad. (2024). The effectiveness of an educational program based on the VARK learning styles model in developing basic science process skills. Amman Arab University Journal for Research, Educational and Psychological Research Series, 9(3), 368\u2013386.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621. (2023). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>12<\/em>(6)\u060c 1100-1125.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zahrani, Mashael, &amp; Al Haidar, Wafaa. (2023). The effectiveness of using virtual laboratories in acquiring scientific thinking skills and developing attitudes toward the laboratory among third-year intermediate female students. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 12(6), 1100\u20131125.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0646. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c (32)\u060c 1-58.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sharif, Kawthar, Mohammed, Manal, &amp; Khalifa, Faten. (2026). The effect of using blended learning in science teaching on developing scientific concepts among primary school pupils. Journal of Young Researchers in Educational Sciences, (32), 1\u201358.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2025). \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 2022\u20132024 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0623<\/em>\u060c <em>8<\/em>(2)\u060c 55-86.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Abab, Ali, &amp; Abdulrab, Abdullah. (2025). Evaluating third-year secondary chemistry examination questions in the Republic of Yemen for 2022\u20132024 in light of science process skills. Scientific Journal of the University of Saba Region, 8(2), 55\u201386.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d. (2025). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>41<\/em>(10)\u060c 108-142.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdulrahman, Mohammed, Khalil, Omar, &amp; Mohammed, Samah. (2025). Using the virtual laboratory in science teaching to develop selected basic science process skills among preparatory school pupils. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 41(10), 108\u2013142.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c<em>41<\/em>(194\u060c \u062c5)\u060c 571\u2013607.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdullatif, Jumaa, Siddiq, Salah, &amp; Al-Muqaddam, Mohammed. (2022). The effectiveness of a proposed course based on blended learning in developing molecular biology concepts among Faculty of Education students. Journal of Education, 41(194, Part 5), 571\u2013607.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646. (2024). <em>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em> (\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Adwan, Maysoun. (2024). The effectiveness of using the virtual laboratory and digital video in developing visual thinking and science process skills in science among sixth-grade basic education female students in the Southern Shouneh District [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Mutah University].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2023). \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/em>\u060c (147\u060c \u062c1)\u060c 213-260.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asiri, Ali. (2023). The effectiveness of teaching science using the Edelson model in developing science process skills among primary school students. Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (147, Part 1), 213\u2013260.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. (2019). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/em> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aql, Lamia. (2019). The effect of using the virtual laboratory on developing achievement in chemistry among tenth-grade basic education students in Amman Capital Governorate [Master\u2019s thesis, Middle East University].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2023). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>39<\/em>(1\u060c \u062c2)\u060c 229-266.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ammari, Ahmad, &amp; Al Kasi, Abdullah. (2023). The reality of using virtual laboratories (Crocodile) in teaching practical experiments in chemistry and physics from teachers\u2019 perspectives. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 39(1, Part 2), 229\u2013266.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f. (2024). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>8<\/em>(39)\u060c 421-450.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Omari, Majed. (2024). The effect of classroom activities on enhancing students\u2019 integrated science process skills from teachers\u2019 perspectives. Arab Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 8(39), 421\u2013450.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>7<\/em>(26)\u060c 461-488.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghanem, Yasmin. (2023). The effect of using the virtual laboratory strategy on first-cycle students\u2019 achievement in science and learning retention. Arab Journal of Specific Education, 7(26), 461\u2013488.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>4<\/em>(22)\u060c 111-142.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Fadhli, Anfal. (2022). The effectiveness of using the virtual laboratory in science teaching on developing basic science process skills among seventh-grade intermediate students. Journal of Education in the 21st Century for Educational and Psychological Studies, 4(22), 111\u2013142.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631. (2022). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>6<\/em>(49)\u060c 78\u201399.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qism Al-Sayed, Wasfi, &amp; Saeed, Yasser. (2022). Using virtual laboratories in teaching chemistry to secondary school students from chemistry teachers\u2019 perspectives in the State of Qatar. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 6(49), 78\u201399.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: (\u0647\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627). <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>3<\/em>(8)\u060c177-200.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qaisi, Tayseer, &amp; Al-Hajaya, Asmaa. (2023). The effect of using the constructivist approach in teaching science on achievement and the acquisition of science process skills among eighth-grade basic education female students: The Hawkins model. Journal of Educational Studies and Research, 3(8), 177\u2013200.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (28\u060c\u062c1)\u060c 91-148.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Maliki, Ahmad, &amp; Al-Shahrani, Ahmad. (2024). The reality of secondary school students\u2019 use of virtual laboratories in the chemistry course in Bisha Governorate and their attitudes toward them. Journal of Educational and Qualitative Research, (28, Part 1), 91\u2013148.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0633. (2023). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/em> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mahashi, Anas. (2023). The effect of the seven-stage learning cycle strategy on developing basic science process skills and motivation toward learning science among fifth-grade basic education students [Master\u2019s thesis, Al al-Bayt University].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2021). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>20<\/em>(41)\u060c 436-450.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohammed, Shaimaa. (2021). The reality of using virtual laboratories at the University of Misan from faculty members\u2019 perspectives. Misan Journal for Academic Studies, 20(41), 436\u2013450.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629. (2024). \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>9<\/em>(46)\u060c 301-325.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahmoud, Inas, Gamal El-Din, Nevin, &amp; Hamdah, Marwa. (2024). Employing interactive video using animation in virtual learning. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 9(46), 301\u2013325.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629. (2022). \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>25<\/em>(4)\u060c 1-34.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muslim, Hamouda. (2022). Secondary school biology teachers\u2019 attitudes toward using virtual and augmented reality in teaching biology and the obstacles to their implementation from their perspectives. Egyptian Journal of Scientific Education, 25(4), 1\u201334.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2022). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a)\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (10)\u060c 982-1046.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mostafa, Fayza, Mahgoub, Ali, Mahmoud, Mohammed, &amp; Mohammed, Asmaa. (2022). The effect of using digital learning objects in e-learning environments for science teaching on developing science process skills among second-year preparatory female students. Journal of Young Researchers in Educational Sciences, (10), 982\u20131046.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a. (2025). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a<em>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>36<\/em>(142\u060c\u062c2)\u060c 923-955.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mansour, Aya, Yousef, Maher, Darwish, Reda, &amp; Gad, Al-Shafei. (2025). Using learning stations in science teaching for the acquisition of scientific concepts among first-year preparatory pupils. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 36(142, Part 2), 923\u2013955.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644. (2025). \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 ) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>27<\/em>(27)\u060c 389-423.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nassar, Mostafa, Salem, Abdul-Moein, &amp; Oweida, Manal. (2025). The culture of digital transformation in pre-university education institutions in light of modern technology as a contemporary societal variable. Journal of Young Researchers in Educational Sciences, 27(27), 389\u2013423.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2025). \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>11<\/em>(1)\u060c 833-868.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Younis, Amin, Al-Ghoul, Reham, &amp; Metwally, Asmaa. (2025). Developing an e-learning environment based on digital incentives and its effect on developing scientific research skills among preparatory school pupils. Journal of Specific Education Studies and Research, 11(1), 833\u2013868.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Afify, M., Alqoot, A., &amp; Zedan, S. (2023). Criteria for designing and evaluating the quality of virtual classrooms during emergency learning. <em>Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education<\/em>, 24(4). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17718\/tojde.1110817<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ansi, A., Jaboob, M., Garad, A., &amp; Al-Ansi, A. (2023). Analyzing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) recent development in education. <em>Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Open, 8<\/em>(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssaho.2023.100532<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nakhle, H. (2022). The effectiveness of scenario-based virtual laboratory simulations to improve learning outcomes and scientific report writing skills. <em>Plos One, 17<\/em>(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277359<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asare, S., Amoako, S., Biilah, D., &amp; Apraku, T. (2023). The use of virtual labs in science education: A comparative study of traditional labs and virtual environments. <em>International Journal of Science Academic Research, 4<\/em>(11), 6563\u20136569. https:\/\/www.scienceijsar.com\/article\/use-virtual-labs-science-education-comparative-study-traditional-labs-and-virtual<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bani Yassin, A. (2022). The effect of using interactive simulation (PhET) and virtual laboratories (PraxiLabs) on tenth-grade students\u2019 achievement in physics. <em>Britain International of Linguistics, Arts and Education (BIoLAE) Journal, 4<\/em>(2), 58\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33258\/biolae.v4i2.693<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brock, R. (2024). Constructivist approaches to learning and teaching science. In L. Hetherington, L. Graham, &amp; D. Moore (Eds.), <em>Learning to teach science in the secondary school: A companion to school experience <\/em>(5th ed.)131-414. Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003110187-11<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chen, J., Huang, Y., Lin, K., Chang, Y., Lin, H., Lin, C., &amp; Hsiao, H. (2020). Developing a hands-on activity using virtual reality to help students learn by doing. <em>Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 36<\/em>(1), 46\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12389<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chen, K., Hwang, G., &amp; Chen, M. (2024). Effects of a concept mapping-guided virtual laboratory learning approach on students\u2019 science process skills and behavioral patterns. <em>Educational Technology Research and Development, 72(3)<\/em>, 1623\u20131651. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj711\/1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-024-10348-y<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chengere, A., Bono, B., Zinabu, S., &amp; Jilo, K. (2025). Enhancing secondary school students\u2019 science process skills through guided inquiry-based laboratory activities in biology. <em>Plos one, 20<\/em>(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0320692<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Faria, A., &amp; Miranda, G. (2026). Operationalising CTT and IRT in spreadsheets: A methodological demonstration for classroom assessment. <em>Analytics, 5<\/em>(1), Article 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/analytics5010012<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Farida, L., Suryajaya, &amp; Suyidno. (2023). Profile of basic and integrated science process skills in science learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri. <em>Science Education Journal, 7<\/em>(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21070\/sej.v7i2.1644<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haberbosch, M., Deiters, M., &amp; Schaal, S. (2025). Combining virtual and hands-on lab work in a blended learning approach on molecular biology methods and lab safety for lower secondary education students. <em>Education Sciences, 15<\/em>(2), 123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci15020123<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kachi, J., Dinah, S., &amp; Pascaline, J. (2025). Effectiveness of virtual laboratory-based instruction on students\u2019 academic performance in biology in Likuyani, Kakamega County, Kenya. <em>Global Educational Research Journal, 13<\/em>(9), 401\u2013409. https:\/\/springjournals.net\/articles\/252715092025<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kadir, A. (2023). Effectiveness of virtual laboratory utilization in improving students\u2019 science process skills. <em>Ta\u2019dib, 26<\/em>(2), 355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31958\/jt.v26i2.10913<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kassaye, M., Damtie, D., Melesse, S., &amp; Yemata, G. (2025). Effect of using science process skills-integrated inquiry-based approach on grade nine students\u2019 cell biology academic achievement. <em>Discover Education, 4<\/em>, Article 343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44217-025-00699-w<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Li, J., &amp; Liang, W. (2024). Effectiveness of virtual laboratory in engineering education: A meta-analysis. <em>Plos one, 19<\/em>(12), e0316269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316269<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahmud, A., Mursalin, M., Abdjul, T., Pikoli, M., Yusuf, M., &amp; Odja, A. (2025). A virtual laboratory to improve the effectiveness of interactive learning media on science process skills and science literacy in the competency aspects of dynamic electricity. <em>Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11<\/em>(11), 1441\u20131450.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Maratkyzy, N., Sharipkhanova, A., Salybekova, N., Burunbetova, K., Igissinova, Z., &amp; Tursymatova, O. (2025). Formation of environmental competence of students using virtual laboratories in the training of biology teachers with the Labster. <em>Cogent Education, 12<\/em>(1), 2580155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2025.2580155<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Meronda, D., Widarti, H., &amp; Yahmin, Y. (2025). Virtual laboratories in science education: A systematic review of effectiveness on conceptual understanding and learning outcomes. <em>Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 26<\/em>(3), 2020\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23960\/jpmipa.v26i3.pp2020-2042<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naimi-Akbar, I., Weurlander, M., &amp; Barman, L. (2024). Teaching-learning in virtual learning environments: A matter of forced compromises away from student-centredness? <em>Teaching in Higher Education, 29<\/em>(8), 2095\u20132111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13562517.2023.2201674<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nilawati, N., Ismayani, Y., Hajar, S., Gunawan, G., &amp; Nisrina, N. (2024). The effectiveness of using virtual laboratories on science process skills: A systematic literature review. <em>Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 5<\/em>(1), 10\u201319. https:\/\/journal.publication-center.com\/index.php\/ijast\/article\/view\/2028<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6zeler, E., Genel, Y., &amp; Genel, S. (2024). The effect of virtual laboratory applications on the achievement of secondary school students in teaching the granular structure of matter. International Journal of Education and Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.14867793<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pairi, R., Tawil, M., &amp; Hasanuddin, H. (2024). Implementasi pendekatan saintifik berbasis laboratorium virtual untuk meningkatkan keterampilan proses sains kelas VIII di SMPN 13 Makassar. <em>Celebes Science Education, 3<\/em>(3). https:\/\/ojs.unm.ac.id\/CSE\/article\/viewFile\/53745\/29829<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Penn, M. (2025). Remote learning in virtual biology education: Science process skills acquisition in microscopy. <em>Education and New Developments 2025<\/em>, 575\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36315\/2025v1end126<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Piaget, J. (1971). Biology and knowledge: An essay on the relations between organic regulations and cognitive processes (B. Walsh, Trans.). University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1967)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rezigalla, A. (2022). Item analysis: Concept and application. Medical education for the 21st century. Intech Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.100138<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rosli, R., &amp; Ishak, N. (2024). Integration of virtual labs in science education: A systematic literature review. <em>Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Malaysia, 14<\/em>(1), 81\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37134\/jpsmm.vol14.1.8.2024<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uwitonze, D., &amp; Nizeyimana, G. (2022). Effects of virtual laboratories on students\u2019 conceptual understanding of biology in selected secondary schools of Rwamagana District, Rwanda. <em>Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 6<\/em>(4), 249\u2013258. https:\/\/www.jriiejournal.com\/effects-of-virtual-laboratories-on-students-conceptual-understanding-of-biology-in-selected-secondary-schools-of-rwamagana-district-rwanda\/<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Xian, J., &amp; Wu, J. (2026). Past, present, and future of virtual reality-based biological science education (2010\u20132025): A BERTopic-driven analysis. <em>BMC Medical Education, 26<\/em>, 662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-026-08921-5<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yusuf, M., Ibrahim, M., Ibrahim, B., &amp; Alafiatyo, B. (2025). The effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulations and virtual labs in improving conceptual understanding and science process skills in biology education. <em>Rima International Journal of Education, 4<\/em>(5), 265\u2013278.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zhang, N., &amp; Liu, Y. (2024). Design and implementation of virtual laboratories for higher education sustainability: A case study of Nankai University. <em>Frontiers in Education, 8<\/em>, 1322263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2023.1322263<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18226","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18314,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18226\/revisions\/18314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}