{"id":18123,"date":"2026-10-14T11:59:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T11:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-10-55\/"},"modified":"2026-10-14T12:01:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T12:01:00","slug":"7-10-55","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-10-55\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 55"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a &quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f&quot; \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644: \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 | anan@liub.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Anan Shaker Ali Hamdan\u00b9, Prof. Majdi \u201cMohammad Rashid\u201d Helmi Hanawi\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Doctoral researcher in Teaching and Learning, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Professor, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>Corresponding author: Anan Hamdan | anan@liub.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (10). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1093 - 1112<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-09-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue10\/7-10-55.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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S. A, Hanawi M. M. H. (2026). The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hamdan Anan Shaker Ali, Hanawi Majdi \u201cMohammad Rashid\u201d Helmi. 2026. \\&quot;The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hamdan A. S. A, Hanawi M. M. H. 2026. The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-10-01. [Cited 2026-10-16]. 7(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-55\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hamdan A. S. A, Hanawi M. M. H. The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-10-01; 7(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hamdan A. S. A, Hanawi M. M. H, \\&quot;The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hamdan Anan Shaker Ali, Hanawi Majdi \u201cMohammad Rashid\u201d Helmi. \\&quot;The Effect of Effectively Integrating an Intelligent Virtual Companion into Active Learning Activities in the Computer Subject on Developing practical skills among fifth-grade students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639. \u0634. \u0639\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u062d. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \\&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\\&quot; \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639. \u0634. \u0639\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u062d. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-10-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-10-16]. 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-55\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639. \u0634. \u0639\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u062d. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-10-01\u061b 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639. \u0634. \u0639\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u062d. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026-10-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/55&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0646= 24) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0646= 21). \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to explore the impact of employing a virtual companion in active learning activities within the computer science curriculum on the practical skills of fifth-grade students. To achieve the study's objectives, a quasi-experimental design was adopted. Al-Mutanabbi Elementary School (Majd al-Krum) was selected using a purposive convenience sampling method. Two fifth-grade classes were randomly selected: an experimental group (n=24) and a control group (n=21). Data collection involved the use of an observation checklist for practical skills. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the mean practical skill scores of the experimental group, favoring the post-test measurements. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in practical skill levels between the experimental and control groups, favoring the experimental group. The study recommended integrating digital assessment tools linked to the virtual companion to comprehensively measure progress in both practical and affective skills.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Intelligent virtual companion, active learning, practical skills.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Ong et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a (2024) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a 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2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f (Sahito et al., 2025). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 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justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a (AI Companion):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 (Han et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 (Active Learning):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: <\/strong>\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Nurbavliyev et al., 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Practical Skills):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u064b&#8221; (\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0647\u064a\u060c 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong>: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Momand et al., 2023) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 (Aprin et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a &#8220;Integration-Kid&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 (Han et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 (ELIZA)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Gnewuch et al., 2017). \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (McTear, 2017). \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 (Diederich et al., 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c 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\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b (Diederich et al., 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629(McTear, 2017). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 (Gnewuch et al., 2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (Strohmann et al., 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025). \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (2014) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2013) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Enakrire, 2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (Claude, Gemini, ChatGPT)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Supena &amp; Hariyadi, 2021)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (Azevedo et al., 2019). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Moje, 2015). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Mujitapha, 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 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\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. 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(\u0646= 28). \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 <\/strong><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk238693686\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a (2018) <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 Excel) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a- \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (15) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629. <a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240422181\"><\/a>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 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\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EG: R O<sub>1 <\/sub> X O<sub>1 <\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CG: R O<sub>1 <\/sub>&#8211; O<sub>1 <\/sub><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">R: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">EG: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CG: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O<sub>1<\/sub>: \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240372970\"><\/a> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c <a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240372996\"><\/a>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 (\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 24 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 21 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 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\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (25) \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a (9) \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: (Brookhart, 2013)\u061b (Hallgren, 2012). \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Toc240421228\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0641\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623\/\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\/ \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (10)\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (24) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.973)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.948) \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.966) \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 (Nunnally &amp; Bernstein, 1994)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (.70) \u0643\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0623\u062f\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Toc240421229\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.966<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6.<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.956<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>24<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.973<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a <a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk241241280\"><\/a>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u061f&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: <\/strong>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240221195\"><\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Toc240421241\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(sig)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>0.678<\/td>\n<td>0.118<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">55.972<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">0.000<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>2.663<\/td>\n<td>0.122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240365236\"><\/a><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk229472710\"><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (2025) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0643 (Lee &amp; Hancock, 2023) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a (2018) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240365256\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240221228\"><\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05) \u0641\u064a <a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240166226\"><\/a>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Toc240421242\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong>(sig)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>1.714<\/td>\n<td>0.179<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">20.889<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">0.000<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>2.663<\/td>\n<td>0.122<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk240365278\"><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 (2.663) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.122)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (1.714) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.179). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (20.889) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk62904607\"><\/a> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-18123-_Hlk94541757\"><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 (2022). <em>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/em>. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oujana, W. (2022). The use of active learning strategies by kindergarten teachers in educational and instructional activities: A field study of a sample of kindergarten teachers in Ouargla. Master\u2019s thesis in educational psychology. Algeria: Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646. (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/em>12(20): 330-348.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bdeir, M., &amp; Ben Yahya, N. (2026). The effect of using artificial intelligence in education on mathematics achievement among basic-stage students: An applied study at Al-Ittihad Basic School. Journal of the Palestinian Educators Association for Literature and Educational and Psychological Studies, 12(20), 330\u2013348.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631. (2018). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/em>\u060c (780- 818).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hamidawi, Y. (2018). The effectiveness of digital virtual classrooms in developing computer-use skills among tenth-grade students in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. First International Conference of the Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods: Global Changes and Their Role in Shaping Curricula and Teaching and Learning Methods, 780\u2013818.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645 (2025). \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 41(11): 309- 340.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Huwail, H., Mansour, M., &amp; Al-Anzi, M. (2025). A virtual learning environment and its effect on developing selected skills included in the computer course among primary-school pupils. Journal of the Faculty of Education, 41(11), 309\u2013340.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (2026). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. <em>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/em>11(2): 1-27.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Duroo, I., &amp; Arouri, Y. (2026). The effect of a scaffolding-based educational program on improving computer-subject skills and attitudes toward learning among female tenth-grade students in Jordan. Jordanian Association for Educational Sciences, The Jordanian Educational Journal, 11(2), 1\u201327.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 44(4): 61-136.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Darwish, O., &amp; Al-Laithi, A. (2020). The effect of using artificial intelligence platforms on developing habits of mind and academic self-concept among a sample of low-achieving preparatory-school students. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Educational Sciences, 44(4), 61\u2013136.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645. (2014). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dulaimi, I. (2014). Constructivist theory and its educational applications (1st ed.). Amman: Dar Safa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 473-488.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saad, A. (2022). Active learning: Its concept, importance, and selected strategies. Conference on Knowledge Exchange as a Path to Civilizational Advancement in the East and West. Journal of the College of Basic Education, 473\u2013488.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2020). \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/em>20(20): 982-1023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdu, B., &amp; Al-Abshihi, A. (2020). Priorities of knowledge and skills required for contemporary volunteer work: An applied study in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Faculty of Social Work for Social Studies and Research, 20(20), 982\u20131023.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2017). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u06a9\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627<\/em>\u060c 1(31): 167-189.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Othman, E., Sallam, B., Abdel-Rahman, M., &amp; Ali, M. (2017). Social constructivist theory: Its models and application strategies. Journal of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education in Qena, 1(31), 167\u2013189.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2024). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/em>. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghamdi, M. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education (1st ed.). Dammam: King Fahd National Library.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062c\u0649\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2025). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/em> <em>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637<\/em>\u060c 2(33): 119-171.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Meligy, R., Al-Gendy, R., &amp; Mohammadein, N. (2025). The effect of using active learning strategies on developing selected generative-thinking skills among kindergarten children. Journal of the Faculty of Early Childhood Education, Assiut University, 2(33), 119\u2013171.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, S. (2025). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Project-Based Learning Methodology on Developing Computer Application Skills. <em>Scientia. Technology, Science and Society<\/em>, <em>2<\/em>(8): 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59324\/stss.2025.2(8).01<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aliya, K., &amp; Symbat, I. (2025). ICT Teachers\u2019 Vision and Experience in Developing Digital Skills of Primary School Students in Computer Science Lessons. <em>Computers MDPI<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(92): 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers14030092<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aprin, F., Peters, P., &amp; Hoppe, H. U. (2024). The effectiveness of a virtual learning companion for supporting the critical judgment of social media content. <em>Education and Information Technologies<\/em>, <em>29<\/em>(10): 12797\u201312830. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-023-12275-6<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Azevedo, R., Mudrick, N., Taub, M., &amp; Bradbury, A. (2019). Self-Regulation in Computer-Assisted Learning Systems. In J. Dunlosky &amp; K. Rawson (Eds.), <em>The Cambridge Handbook of Cognition and Education. Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology<\/em> (pp. 587\u2013618). Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brookhart, S. (2013). <em>How to Create and Use Rubrics for Formative Assessment and Grading<\/em>. ASCD. Amazon.com.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Diederich, S., Brendel, A., &amp; Kolbe, L. (2019). Towards a taxonomy of platforms for conversational agent design. <em>Proceedings of the International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik<\/em>, 16.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Diederich, S., Brendel, A., Morana, S., &amp; Kolbe, L. (2022). On the design of and interaction with conversational agents: an organizing and assessing review of human-computer interaction research. <em>Journal of the Association for Information Systems<\/em>, <em>23<\/em>(1): 96\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1jais.00724<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Enakrire, R. (2024). The usefulness of computer skills for enhanced teaching and learning among lecturers in an open distance e-learning (ODEL) environment. <em>Education and Information Technologies<\/em>, <em>29<\/em>(1): 16597\u201316612.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gnewuch, U., Morana, S., &amp; Maedche, A. (2017). Towards designing cooperative and social conversational agents for customer service. <em>Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hallgren, K. (2012). Computing Inter-Rater Reliability for Observational Data: An Overview and Tutorial. <em>Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>(1): 23\u201334.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Han, Y., Hong, S., Li, Z., &amp; Lim, C. (2025). Defining and Classifying the Roles of Intelligent Learning Companion Systems: A Scoping Review of the Literature<em>. TechTrends<\/em>, 69(3): 567\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11528-025-01058-0<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Je\u0161kov\u00e1, Z., \u0160najder, \u013d., &amp; Guni\u0161, J. (2024). Active learning in STEM education. <em>Journal of Physics Conference Series<\/em>. 2715(1):012019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-6596\/2715\/1\/012019<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kim, Y., &amp; Baylor, A. (2006). A social-cognitive framework for pedagogical agents as learning companions. <em>Educational Technology Research and Development<\/em>, <em>54<\/em>(6): 569\u2013596. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-006-0637-3<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lee, A., &amp; Hancock, J. (2023). 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(2001). <em>Contesting: The Role of Aesthetic in Reading Difficult Literature<\/em><strong>,<\/strong> Dissertation Abstract international, (A62\/03): 909.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18123","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18124,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18123\/revisions\/18124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}