{"id":18010,"date":"2026-10-01T09:31:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-10-37\/"},"modified":"2026-10-01T09:31:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T09:31:54","slug":"7-10-37","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-10-37\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 37"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>Assist. Lect. Safaa Saleem Naji Al-Rubaye\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p>\u00b9 University of Babylon, Iraq Email: Safaa.saleem@uobabylon.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj710\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/710\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (7) Issue (10). Pages:<\/strong> 750 - 758<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2026-09-10 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2026-09-20 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2026-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue10\/7-10-37.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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Safaa Saleem Naji Al-Rubaye\u00b9&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-37\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-10-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. (2026). Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye Safaa Saleem Naji. 2026. \\&quot;Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. 2026. Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-10-01. [Cited 2026-10-01]. 7(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-10-01; 7(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N, \\&quot;Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye Safaa Saleem Naji. \\&quot;Translation-Induced Shifts in Conjunctions Density of Target Languages: Textual Cohesion and Explicitations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 10, 2026-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye Safaa Saleem Naji. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-10-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-10-01]. 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-10-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-10-01\u061b 7(10). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye S. S. N. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Rubaye Safaa Saleem Naji. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 10\u060c 2026-10-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj710\\\/37&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> The using of conjunctions is one of the most sensitive indicators for showing how translated texts differ from both their source texts and even more so from native target language texts. In this paper, we consider the seemingly well-established claim largely associated with the explicitation hypothesis that translation significantly increases the frequency of overt conjunctive markers compared to a comparable non-translated text in the same language. Based on cohesion theory, corpus-based translation studies and contrastive work (on Arabic and English discourse organisation), the paper synthesises the theoretical mechanisms that have been proposed to account for this tendency, evaluates the empirical data that support and complicate it, discusses conjunction density as one type of explicitation which is obligatory, optional, pragmatic or inherent in translation and situates conjunction density within a general typology of explicitation. We focus especially on the Arabic\u2013English pair, where a kind of close but ambivalent relationship exists between the source language own preference for coordination and the explicitating pressures translation is said to introduce, which confers a dual yet disabling effect. To validate the hypothesis across corpora and languages, we outline a method that scholars interested in operating at the level of empirical testing can draw on in their future work: one combining methods to generate normalised frequency counts of conjunctive relations with frameworks for taxonomic classification of those relations among comparable-corpus triangulation. It ends up with the conclusion that conjunction density shift is real but qualified\u2014not a robust translation universal, but dependent instead on a rich interaction between universally operative processing pressures on translators in combination with structural distances between source and target languages, and an array of genre -conventions and translator-normalized preferences.<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> explicitation hypothesis, textual cohesion, conjunctions, translation universals, Arabic\u2013English translation Corpus-based translation studies.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b 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