{"id":17747,"date":"2026-09-01T00:56:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T00:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-9-44\/"},"modified":"2026-09-01T01:45:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T01:45:31","slug":"7-9-44","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-9-44\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 44"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Wesalnassar123@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wisal Nazih Darawsheh Nassar\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Wesalnassar123@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 852 - 872<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue9\/7-9-44.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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N. D.. (2026). Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Nassar Wisal Nazih Darawsheh. 2026. \\&quot;Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Nassar W. N. D.. 2026. Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-09-01. [Cited 2026-09-01]. 7(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-9-44\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Nassar W. N. D.. Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-09-01; 7(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Nassar W. N. D., \\&quot;Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Nassar Wisal Nazih Darawsheh. \\&quot;Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Supporting Students with Language Delays in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/44&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648. \u0646. \u062f. 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\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to explore teachers\u2019 perceptions of the role of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in supporting students with language delay in primary schools. It also examined the nature of collaboration between teachers and SLPs, the challenges facing this collaboration, and its impact on students\u2019 performance, A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 15 primary school teachers. The findings revealed that teachers generally hold positive perceptions of the SLPs\u2019 role; however, their understanding varies in depth. Collaboration between teachers and SLPs exists but is often unstructured and relies on individual initiatives rather than systematic planning, The study also identified several challenges, including time constraints, role ambiguity, and limited organizational support. Despite these challenges, collaboration was found to have a positive impact on students\u2019 language skills, classroom participation, and self-confidence, The study recommends enhancing structured collaboration, clarifying professional roles, providing ongoing teacher training, and strengthening institutional support to improve services for students with language delay.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Language delay, Speech-language pathology, Professional collaboration, Primary education, Teachers\u2019 perceptions.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Jeremy et al., 2024; Armstrong et al., 2023)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Brimo &amp; Huffman, 2023; Stephenson et al., 2024). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 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\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association [ASHA], 2023).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a <\/strong>\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Owens, 2020).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 (Pajares, 1992).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a) <\/strong>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (Jeremy et al., 2024).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b <\/strong>\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (Paul &amp; Norbury, 2018).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Ecological Systems Theory)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Bronfenbrenner, 1994).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631 (Microsystem)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 (Mesosystem)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Bronfenbrenner, 1994).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a (Interprofessional Collaboration)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (Jeremy et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Stephenson et al., 2024). \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 (Brimo &amp; Huffman, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Owens, 2020)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 (Principle-based concept analysis)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a.\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 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\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0<strong>Lorio, Delehanty, Huerta, and Sienza-Duncan (2025)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (Face Validity)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Content Validity)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Inter-coder Reliability) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a (Holsti)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"155\" height=\"62\" class=\"wp-image-17845\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/word-image-17747-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/word-image-17747-1.png 155w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/word-image-17747-1-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>= M\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>= N1\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u200b = N2\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644: 0.85 \u0623\u0648 0.90 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (Thematic Analysis) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (Thematic Analysis)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a 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(2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Jeremy et al. (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c 20(3)\u060c 210\u2013248.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ajad Allah, Dalia Mudathir Abdelmohsen. (2022). Obstacles facing practitioners when working with children with speech disorders: A descriptive study from the perspective of social casework. The Scientific Journal of Social Work: Applied Studies and Research, 20(3), 210\u2013248. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(4)\u060c 98\u2013145. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53285\/artsep.v6i4.2259&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53285\/artsep.v6i4.2259<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khatib, Noura bint Abdullah, &amp; Al-Aqeel, Nouf bint Mohammed. (2024). Evaluation of speech and language therapy services provided to students with learning disabilities from teachers\u2019 perspectives in the Qassim Region. Journal of Arts for Psychological and Educational Studies, 6(4), 98\u2013145. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53285\/artsep.v6i4.2259\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53285\/artsep.v6i4.2259<\/a> [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2022). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c 22(254)\u060c 271\u2013341. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mrk.2022.276582&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mrk.2022.276582<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khamis, Abeer El-Sayed Ali. (2022). Skills required for treating speech and language disorders among primary school pupils for students in the Arabic Language Division of Basic Education at the Faculty of Education. Reading and Knowledge Journal, 22(254), 271\u2013341. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mrk.2022.276582\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mrk.2022.276582<\/a> [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628. (2016). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdelkarim, Mohammed Al-Mahdi Omar, Atwa, Mohammed Al-Husseini Abdel-Fattah, &amp; Al-Araydeh, Emad Saleh Najeeb. (2016). The effectiveness of the educational environment in achieving language rehabilitation for pupils with language disorders integrated into primary schools from their teachers\u2019 perspectives. Paper presented at the Seventh Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Education, Benha University, Egypt. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. (2025). \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c 19(40)\u060c 123\u2013144. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v19i40.880&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v19i40.880<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Omran, Zahraa Fadel, Aziz, Amer Abbas, &amp; Ismail, Bashar Khalil. (2025). Speech and language disorders among primary school pupils. Intelligence Research Journal, 19(40), 123\u2013144. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v19i40.880\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36302\/irj.v19i40.880<\/a> [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. (2023). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c 16(58\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b)\u060c 51\u201396. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/sero.2023.331907&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/sero.2023.331907<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Essa, Mohammed Awadah Awad, &amp; Al-Adhbah, Saad Yahya. (2023). The status of speech and language therapy services provided to children with autism spectrum disorder from the perspectives of speech-training teachers in the Makkah Region. Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation, 16(58, Part 3), 51\u201396. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/sero.2023.331907\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/sero.2023.331907<\/a> [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c (4)\u060c 267\u2013292.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed bin Mansour, &amp; Al-Haznawi, Amin bin Ali. (2023). The relationship between speech disorders and academic achievement among primary school students from teachers\u2019 perspectives. International Journal of Humanities, (4), 267\u2013292. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2016). \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 40(1)\u060c 84\u2013104.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Natour, Yasser Saeed, Al-Kaabi, Fatima Ahmed, Abu Shuraihah, Ahmed Adel, &amp; Bani Mustafa, Omar. (2016). Teachers\u2019 ability to identify students with speech and language disorders. International Journal for Research in Education, 40(1), 84\u2013104. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Armstrong, R., Schimke, E., Mathew, A., &amp; Scarinci, N. (2023).Interprofessional practice between speech-language pathologists and classroom teachers: A mixed-methods systematic review.\u00a0<em>Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_LSHSS-22-00168\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_LSHSS-22-00168<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Becker, R. E. (2024). How literacy coursework may change the perspectives of preservice speech-language pathologists: A pilot study.\u00a0<em>Teaching and Learning in Communication Sciences &amp; Disorders, 8<\/em>(3).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61403\/2689-6443.1323\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61403\/2689-6443.1323<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecological models of human development. In T. Husen &amp; T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.),\u00a0<em>International encyclopedia of education<\/em>\u00a0(2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 37\u201343). Elsevier.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brimo, D., &amp; Huffman, H. E. (2023). A survey of speech-language pathologists&#8217; and teachers&#8217; perceptions of collaborative service delivery.\u00a0<em>Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 54<\/em>(3), 873\u2013887.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_LSHSS-22-00107\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_LSHSS-22-00107<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Holman, K. C., Wilson, K. P., Knollman, G., &amp; Russell, A. (2025). Competency-based interprofessional education enhances collaboration skills in special education and speech-language pathology students.\u00a0<em>Frontiers in Education, 10<\/em>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2025.1581257\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2025.1581257<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jeremy, J., Spandagou, I., &amp; Hinitt, J. (2024). Teacher\u2013therapist collaboration in inclusive primary schools: A scoping review.\u00a0<em>Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 71<\/em>(4), 593\u2013611.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1630.12931\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1630.12931<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mathers, A., Botting, N., Moss, R., &amp; Spicer-Cain, H. (2024). Collaborative working between speech and language therapists and teaching staff in mainstream UK primary schools: A scoping review.\u00a0<em>Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 40<\/em>(2), 120\u2013138.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02656590241232613\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02656590241232613<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Passaretti, B., Sexton, A., Gallagher, T., Turkstra, L. S., &amp; Campbell, W. (2026). Speech-language pathologist and educator collaboration in literacy instruction: Establishing a shared definition through principle-based concept analysis.\u00a0<em>Child Language Teaching and Therapy<\/em>.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02656590261433347<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stephenson, C. F., Serry, T. A., &amp; Snow, P. C. (2024). Teachers\u2019 perspectives on the role and scope of practice of speech-language pathologists working to support literacy in the early years of school.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 26<\/em>(5), 623\u2013636.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17549507.2023.2250934\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17549507.2023.2250934<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lorio, C. M., Delehanty, A., Huerta, L., &amp; Sienza-Duncan, K. (2025). The role of speech-language pathologists in special education: Research-based practices for students with disabilities. In\u00a0<em>Handbook for Educating Students with Disabilities<\/em>. Springer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17747","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17747"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17846,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17747\/revisions\/17846"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}