{"id":17736,"date":"2026-09-01T00:55:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T00:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-9-33\/"},"modified":"2026-09-01T01:32:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T01:32:40","slug":"7-9-33","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-9-33\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 33"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: left; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026)<\/h3><h4 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026)<\/h4><p style='text-align: left; font-weight:bold;'>Hatem Abu Zaydeh<sup>1<\/sup>, Ibrahim Saqer Alzaeem<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction: ltr; text-align: left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> PALM Strategic Initiatives Center, Palestine. E-mail: almustaqbal_2004@hotmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> Director of PALM Strategic Initiatives Center, Palestine, E-mail: alzaeemibrahim@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/33' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/33<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Arabic Scientific Research Identifier:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/33' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/33<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Volume (7) Issue (9). Pages:<\/strong> 612 - 621<\/p><p style='text-align: left;'><strong>Received at:<\/strong> 2026-08-15 | <strong>Accepted at:<\/strong> 2026-08-22 | <strong>Published at:<\/strong> 2026-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue9\/7-9-33.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? 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S.. (2026). Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh Hatem, Alzaeem Ibrahim Saqer. 2026. \\&quot;Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh H., Alzaeem I. S.. 2026. Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-09-01. [Cited 2026-09-01]. 7(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-9-33\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh H., Alzaeem I. S.. Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-09-01; 7(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh H., Alzaeem I. S., \\&quot;Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026),\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh Hatem, Alzaeem Ibrahim Saqer. \\&quot;Environmental Toxicity and Reproductive Health Disruption: Evaluating Miscarriages, Congenital Anomalies, and Perinatal Mortality in Gaza (2023\u20132026).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Abu Z. H, Alzaeem I. S. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh Hatem, Alzaeem Ibrahim Saqer. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abu Z. H, Alzaeem I. S. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-09-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-09-01]. 7(9). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-9-33\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abu Z. H, Alzaeem I. S. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-09-01\u061b 7(9). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abu Z. H, Alzaeem I. S. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 9\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abu Zaydeh Hatem, Alzaeem Ibrahim Saqer. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629  (2023\u20132026)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 9\u060c 2026-09-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/33&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Background: The military escalation in Gaza since October 2023 precipitated an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe characterized by healthcare infrastructure destruction, environmental contamination, and disruption of reproductive health services.\r\nObjective: To evaluate the incidence and temporal trends of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in Gaza (October 2023\u2013June 2026), and examine their association with environmental toxicity and healthcare collapse.\r\nMethods: A retrospective ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Palestinian Ministry of Health, Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, UNRWA-WHO joint reports, and Health Information Centre statements (November 2025\u2013June 2026). Pre-conflict baseline data (2019\u20132022) were used for comparison. Spatial analysis using Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics was performed. Sensitivity analyses assumed 10\u201330% underreporting.\r\nResults: The miscarriage rate surged to 460 per 1,000 live births by April 2026 (baseline: 140\/1,000), representing a threefold increase. Approximately 5,000 miscarriages were recorded in 2025. Congenital anomalies more than doubled: 322 cases in 2025 and 385 by spring 2026, dominated by cardiac (33%), neural tube (13%), and urological (18%) malformations. Stillbirth rates rose from 6.0 to 10.3 per 1,000 births; preterm deliveries increased by 52% (4,100 cases in 2025). Monthly live births declined by 67% (6,076 in November 2025 to 2,004 in April 2026). An estimated 6,600 intrauterine deaths occurred in 2025. Over 67% of pregnant women suffered severe anaemia. Spatial analysis identified North Gaza and Gaza City as significant hotspots.\r\nConclusion: Gaza is experiencing a catastrophic disruption of reproductive health driven by synergistic effects of environmental toxicity, healthcare collapse, malnutrition, and displacement. Immediate international intervention, environmental remediation, and longitudinal surveillance are imperative.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:left; direction:ltr;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Gaza Strip; environmental toxicity; reproductive health; miscarriage; congenital anomalies; perinatal mortality; armed conflict.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2026. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 (2019\u20132022) \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064e\u064a Moran\u2019s I \u0648Getis-Ord Gi\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10% \u064830%.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c: \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 460 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1,000 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u063a 140 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1,000 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 5,000 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a 322 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 385 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 2026\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 (33%)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a (13%)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (18%). \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 6.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10.3 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 1,000 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 52%\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b 4,100 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 67%\u060c \u0645\u0646 6,076 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2,004 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 6,600 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.\r\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d.<\/p><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Gaza Strip, a densely populated coastal enclave of 365 km\u00b2 housing over 2.2 million inhabitants, has been subjected to military escalation of unprecedented scale since October 2023.\u00b9 The ensuing conflict has resulted in widespread destruction of civilian infrastructure, including the healthcare network. By mid-2025, fewer than 40% of hospitals retained operational capacity, depriving the population of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal care.\u00b2,\u00b3<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Armed conflicts generate distinctive environmental contamination profiles. The detonation of high-explosive munitions releases heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium), energetic compounds (TNT, RDX, perchlorate), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and dioxins into air, soil, and water.\u2074,\u2075 The teratogenic potential of these substances is well established: prenatal heavy metal exposure increases risks of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, and congenital malformations.\u2076,\u2077 Perchlorate compounds disrupt thyroid function critical for fetal development.\u2078 In Gaza specifically, destruction of water and sanitation infrastructure has compounded chemical exposure risks.\u2079<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Epidemiological evidence from prior conflict settings\u2014Iraq (2003\u20132015), Vietnam (Agent Orange), former Yugoslavia\u2014demonstrates elevated reproductive adverse outcomes in populations exposed to munitions-derived contaminants.\u00b9\u2070\u207b\u00b9\u00b2 In Fallujah and Basra, congenital malformations correlated with elevated lead, mercury, and depleted uranium residues.\u00b9\u00b3,\u00b9\u2074 However, these effects manifested over 5\u201310 years. In Gaza, geographic confinement, bombardment intensity, and simultaneous blockade of nutritional and medical inputs have compressed teratogenic effects into an accelerated timeframe.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The functional collapse of Gaza&#8217;s healthcare system represents a critical mediating factor. Over 67% of pregnant women now suffer severe anaemia,\u00b9\u2075 independently elevating risks of miscarriage, preterm delivery, and maternal mortality. The absence of folic acid supplementation compounds neural tube defect risk in a setting already burdened by environmental teratogens.\u00b9\u2076<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">While the humanitarian toll has been extensively documented, systematic epidemiological evaluation of reproductive health outcomes during 2023\u20132026 remains critically limited in peer-reviewed literature.\u00b9\u2077 Existing reports provide fragmented data not consolidated into unified analytical frameworks. This study addresses this gap by quantifying incidence and temporal trends of miscarriage, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality; comparing against pre-conflict baselines; examining associations with environmental contamination and healthcare collapse; and formulating evidence-based recommendations.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. METHODS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.1 Study Design and Setting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">A retrospective ecological design with secondary data synthesis was employed. Primary data collection was neither feasible nor ethically tenable during active conflict. The study relied on systematic compilation, cross-referencing, and analytical integration of pre-existing quantitative data from official governmental records, UN agency surveillance reports, and documented health authority statements.\u00b9\u2078 The ecological design permits examination of population-level trends across temporal windows, accommodates aggregated institutional data, and aligns with epidemiological precedents in conflict settings.\u00b9\u2079<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.2 Study Period and Data Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The study covered October 2023 through June 2026, subdivided into: pre-conflict baseline (2019\u20132022), early escalation (October 2023\u2013December 2024), mid-conflict (January\u2013June 2025), late-conflict (July\u2013December 2025), and post-escalation\/ongoing crisis (January\u2013June 2026).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Four primary data sources were utilised: (1) Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) Health Information Centre, including the Special Statistical Report on Fetal Attrition (April 2026)\u00b2\u2070 and Annual Report on Congenital Anomalies (2026)\u00b2\u00b9; (2) Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) Humanitarian Situation Report (July 2025)\u00b2\u00b2; (3) UNRWA-WHO Maternal and Child Health Monitoring Report (2025)\u00b9\u2075; and (4) UN agency reports (UNRWA, OCHA, UNEP, IPC).\u00b2\u00b3\u207b\u00b2\u2075<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.3 Outcome Variables<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">All outcomes were defined per WHO and ICD-11 criteria\u00b2\u2076: miscarriage (fetal loss &lt;24 weeks), congenital anomaly (structural\/functional abnormality at birth), preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks), stillbirth (fetal death \u226528 weeks), intrauterine death (all gestational ages), perinatal mortality (stillbirths + early neonatal deaths), and low\/abnormal birth weight (&lt;2,500g).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.4 Statistical and Spatial Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Descriptive statistics (frequencies, rates, percentages) were calculated for all outcomes. Temporal trends were charted monthly and annually. Proportional changes were calculated as: % Change = [(Rate_conflict \u2212 Rate_baseline)\/Rate_baseline] \u00d7 100.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.34. Cases were georeferenced to five governorates. Buffer zones (1, 3, 5 km) around documented strike clusters were generated. Global Moran&#8217;s I assessed spatial autocorrelation; Getis-Ord Gi identified hotspots (z &gt; 1.96, p &lt; 0.05).\u00b2\u2077<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.5 Sensitivity Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Three underreporting scenarios (10%, 20%, 30%) were modelled. Three alternative baseline periods (2019\u20132022, 2021\u20132022, 2022 only) were tested. Direction and significance of trends remained consistent across all scenarios.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.6 Ethical Considerations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study used exclusively secondary, aggregated, de-identified data from publicly available reports. No primary data collection involving human subjects occurred. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki\u00b2\u2078 and CIOMS guidelines.\u00b2\u2079<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.7 Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Key limitations include: underreporting due to healthcare destruction; absence of individual-level biomarker data; ecological fallacy (population-level associations cannot infer individual causation); baseline comparability challenges; and inability to control for individual confounders. These are discussed in Section 4.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. RESULTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.1 Healthcare Infrastructure Collapse<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 1 documents the catastrophic impact on maternal healthcare infrastructure. Functional hospitals declined from 34 (2022) to 8 (June 2026), a 76.5% reduction. ANC coverage fell from 95.1% to ~25%. Folic acid supplementation coverage dropped from ~88% to ~10%. Maternal anaemia prevalence exceeded 67%.\u00b9\u2075,\u00b2\u00b9<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.2 Decline in Live Births<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Monthly live births plummeted from 6,076 (November 2025) to 2,004 (April 2026), a 67.1% decline within five months.\u00b2\u2070 Annual births in 2025 totalled 48,500, yielding 49,180 neonates.\u00b3\u2070 This decline reflects reduced conception, elevated pregnancy loss, and registration disruption.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.3 Miscarriage Escalation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The miscarriage rate surged from a pre-war baseline of ~140\/1,000 to 460\/1,000 by April 2026 (\u2191228%).\u00b2\u2070 Approximately 5,000 miscarriages (&lt;24 weeks) were recorded in 2025.\u00b3\u2070 PCHR documented 2,600 miscarriages among 17,000 pregnancies in H1 2025 (15.3%).\u00b2\u00b2 Projections for H1 2026 estimate a further 70.7% increase, with rates potentially exceeding 500\/1,000 by June 2026.\u00b2\u2070 Three phases were identifiable: initial surge (October 2023\u2013March 2024, 200\u2013250\/1,000), sustained elevation (April 2024\u2013December 2025, 300\u2013380\/1,000), and accelerated escalation (January\u2013June 2026, 460+\/1,000).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.4 Congenital Anomalies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 2 presents congenital anomalies classified by ICD-11 organ system. Total documented cases: 67 (H1 2025, PCHR)\u00b2\u00b2, 322 (2025, MoH)\u00b2\u00b9, 315 (January 2026)\u00b3\u2070, and 385 (spring 2026).\u00b2\u2070 The overall rate increased from ~3.4\/1,000 (baseline) to 6.6\u20138.0\/1,000 (\u219194\u2013135%).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cardiac malformations constituted the largest category (33\u201334%), consistent with heavy metal cardiotoxicity.\u00b3\u00b9 Neural tube defects (12\u201314%) exceeded global averages (5\u20137%), consistent with folic acid absence.\u00b3\u00b2 Urological anomalies (17\u201319%) were disproportionately elevated, consistent with perchlorate-mediated thyroid disruption.\u00b3\u00b3 The MoH noted that 2025 figures represent only cases reaching functional facilities.\u00b2\u00b9<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.5 Preterm Births, Stillbirths, and Perinatal Mortality<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 3 summarises key indicators. Preterm birth rates rose from 9.7% to 13.6% (\u219140.2%).\u00b9\u2075 In 2025, 4,100 preterm deliveries occurred (\u219152%).\u00b3\u2070 Stillbirth rates increased from 6.0 to 10.3\/1,000 (\u219171.7%).\u00b9\u2075 An estimated 6,600 intrauterine deaths occurred in 2025.\u00b3\u2070 Post-neonatal mortality increased by &gt;90% within the first week.\u00b3\u2070 Approximately 4,900 neonates had abnormal birth weights.\u00b3\u2070<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.6 Spatial Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 4 presents governorate-level data. North Gaza and Gaza City exhibited the highest rates: congenital anomalies (7.8 and 6.9\/1,000) and miscarriage (520 and 480\/1,000). A north-to-south gradient correlated with bombardment intensity. Moran&#8217;s I = 0.34 (p = 0.08), suggesting moderate positive spatial autocorrelation. Getis-Ord Gi identified North Gaza as a significant hotspot for congenital anomalies (z = 2.31, p = 0.021) and Gaza City for miscarriage (z = 2.08, p = 0.038). Areas within 3 km of strike clusters exhibited anomaly rates 1.4\u20131.8 times higher than areas beyond 5 km.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.7 Sensitivity Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Across underreporting scenarios (10\u201330%), direction and significance remained consistent (Table 5). Magnitude varied by 8\u201315%, but conclusions were robust. Alternative baseline periods showed minimal variation (\u00b12\u20137%).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. DISCUSSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1 Magnitude of Disruption<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The documented 67% decline in monthly live births and threefold miscarriage increase represent a demographic shock of extraordinary magnitude. The simultaneous acute elevation across all adverse pregnancy endpoints points to systemic collapse of the gestational environment rather than isolated pathological events. This aligns with local clinical descriptions of &#8220;fetal attrition,&#8221; where cumulative environmental, nutritional, and psychological stressors prevent successful pregnancy continuation.\u00b2\u2070<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.2 Synergistic Mechanisms<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The aetiology is multifactorial, driven by three interacting vectors:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Environmental toxicity: Widespread munitions detonation in a confined urban environment generated pervasive contamination. Heavy metals (lead, mercury) and explosive residues (TNT, RDX, perchlorate) are documented teratogens.\u2076,\u2077 The doubling of congenital anomalies, particularly cardiac and structural defects, correlates with heavy metal-induced embryotoxicity and perchlorate-mediated thyroid disruption.\u2078,\u00b3\u00b9 The north-to-south spatial gradient and hotspot identification in heavily bombarded areas support this association, though ecological design limits causal inference.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nutritional deprivation: Catastrophic food insecurity created profound micronutrient deficits. Over 67% of pregnant women suffer severe anaemia,\u00b9\u2075 highlighting folic acid and iron deficiency. Folic acid absence in a population exposed to environmental mutagens compounds neural tube defect risk.\u00b3\u00b2 The disproportionate representation of neural tube defects (12\u201314% vs. global 5\u20137%) supports this mechanism.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Healthcare collapse: Destruction of hospitals and ANC disruption eliminated safety nets. Absence of emergency obstetric care, tocolytics, and ultrasound monitoring elevates stillbirth and neonatal mortality.\u00b2,\u00b3 The 76.5% reduction in functional hospitals and 88.6% decline in folic acid coverage\u00b9\u2075 created conditions where preventable complications became fatal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.3 Comparison with Historical Conflict Zones<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Gaza crisis shares epidemiological parallels with other contaminated conflict zones, though speed and density appear uniquely acute.<sup>34<\/sup> In Fallujah and Basra, elevated congenital anomalies and miscarriages were documented years post-conflict, linked to heavy metals and depleted uranium.\u00b9\u00b3,\u00b9\u2074 In Vietnam, Agent Orange&#8217;s intergenerational teratogenic effects were documented over decades.<sup>35<\/sup> However, in these settings, effects manifested over 5\u201310+ years. In Gaza, geographic confinement (365 km\u00b2), bombardment intensity (estimated 70,000+ tonnes ordnance), and simultaneous blockade have compressed teratogenic effects into 18\u201324 months\u2014a phenomenon we term &#8220;acute conflict teratogenesis.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.4 Public Health and Demographic Implications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The &#8220;fetal attrition syndrome&#8221; documented here constitutes not merely an immediate humanitarian emergency but a long-term demographic catastrophe. The 67% birth decline, if sustained, will result in generational population contraction. The elevated congenital anomaly burden will impose lasting paediatric surgical, developmental, and rehabilitative demands on an already destroyed healthcare system. The epigenetic implications of in-utero exposure to multiple toxicants warrant multi-generational surveillance.<sup>36<\/sup><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5 Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">This study is subject to inherent limitations. Underreporting is inevitable given healthcare destruction; sensitivity analyses assuming 10\u201330% underreporting confirmed trend robustness but reported figures likely represent conservative minimums. Absence of individual-level biomarker data precludes definitive causal attribution. The ecological design describes population-level associations without individual-level inference. Overlapping reporting windows necessitated careful harmonisation. Despite these limitations, consistency across independent sources validates the overarching conclusion.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Gaza Strip is experiencing a profound reproductive health crisis. Data from 2023\u20132026 demonstrate catastrophic escalation in miscarriages (\u2191228%), congenital anomalies (\u219194\u2013135%), preterm births (\u219152%), stillbirths (\u219171.7%), and perinatal mortality, accompanied by 67% birth decline. These outcomes manifest a toxic environment saturated with munitions residue, compounded by malnutrition, anaemia, and healthcare destruction.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Five urgent interventions are recommended: (1) Establish a longitudinal reproductive registry with MoH and UNRWA for congenital anomalies, fetal deaths, and teratogenic exposures; (2) Conduct comprehensive environmental toxicology assessment by UNEP\/WHO, including biomonitoring of pregnant women and neonates; (3) Restore maternal supply chains with immediate unrestricted entry of folic acid, iron, oxytocin, and emergency obstetric kits; (4) Implement targeted nutritional interventions addressing anaemia and intrauterine growth restriction; (5) Prepare specialised paediatric and teratological facilities for the anticipated surge in conflict-associated anomalies.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>TABLES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 1. Impact on Maternal Healthcare Infrastructure (October 2023 \u2013 June 2026)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Indicator<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Indicator<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Pre-Conflict (2022)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Mid-2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>June 2026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% Change<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total hospitals<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u219376.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Primary healthcare centres<\/td>\n<td>54<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u219388.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UNRWA health centres<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u219381.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ANC coverage (\u22654 visits)<\/td>\n<td>95.1%<\/td>\n<td>~40%<\/td>\n<td>~25%<\/td>\n<td>\u219373.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 2. Congenital Anomalies by Organ System (ICD-11)<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Organ System<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>H1 2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2025<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Jan 2026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Spring 2026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Baseline (est.)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>110 (34.2%)<\/td>\n<td>Cardiac<\/td>\n<td>20 (29.9%)<\/td>\n<td>105 (33.3%)<\/td>\n<td>130 (33.8%)<\/td>\n<td>~55\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45 (14.0%)<\/td>\n<td>Neural tube<\/td>\n<td>8 (11.9%)<\/td>\n<td>40 (12.7%)<\/td>\n<td>55 (14.3%)<\/td>\n<td>~25\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>60 (18.6%)<\/td>\n<td>Urological<\/td>\n<td>12 (17.9%)<\/td>\n<td>58 (18.4%)<\/td>\n<td>75 (19.5%)<\/td>\n<td>~30\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>42 (13.0%)<\/td>\n<td>Musculoskeletal<\/td>\n<td>9 (13.4%)<\/td>\n<td>40 (12.7%)<\/td>\n<td>48 (12.5%)<\/td>\n<td>~20\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30 (9.3%)<\/td>\n<td>Orofacial<\/td>\n<td>7 (10.4%)<\/td>\n<td>32 (10.2%)<\/td>\n<td>35 (9.1%)<\/td>\n<td>~15\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>35 (10.9%)<\/td>\n<td>Other<\/td>\n<td>11 (16.4%)<\/td>\n<td>40 (12.7%)<\/td>\n<td>42 (10.9%)<\/td>\n<td>~20\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>322<\/td>\n<td>TOTAL<\/td>\n<td>67<\/td>\n<td>315<\/td>\n<td>385<\/td>\n<td>~165\/yr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6.6<\/td>\n<td>Rate\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>3.9<\/td>\n<td>6.5<\/td>\n<td>~8.0<\/td>\n<td>~3.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 3. Preterm Birth, Stillbirth, and Perinatal Mortality<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Indicator<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Baseline<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Conflict<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>% Change<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preterm birth rate<\/td>\n<td>9.7%<\/td>\n<td>13.6%<\/td>\n<td>\u219140.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preterm deliveries (2025)<\/td>\n<td>~2,700\/yr<\/td>\n<td>4,100<\/td>\n<td>\u219151.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stillbirth rate<\/td>\n<td>6.0\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>10.3\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>\u219171.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Intrauterine deaths (2025)<\/td>\n<td>~3,000\/yr<\/td>\n<td>~6,600<\/td>\n<td>\u2191~120%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Abnormal birth weight<\/td>\n<td>~2,500\/yr<\/td>\n<td>~4,900<\/td>\n<td>\u2191~96%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Post-neonatal mortality (wk 1)<\/td>\n<td>Baseline<\/td>\n<td>\u2191&gt;90%<\/td>\n<td>\u2191&gt;90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 4. Spatial Distribution by Governorate) 2025 (<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Governorate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Congenital Anomalies<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Rate\/1,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Miscarriages<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Rate\/1,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Strike Intensity<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>North Gaza<\/td>\n<td>~85<\/td>\n<td>520<\/td>\n<td>~1,200<\/td>\n<td>Very High<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gaza City<\/td>\n<td>~110<\/td>\n<td>480<\/td>\n<td>~1,800<\/td>\n<td>Very High<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Deir al-Balah<\/td>\n<td>~45<\/td>\n<td>440<\/td>\n<td>~700<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Khan Younis<\/td>\n<td>~50<\/td>\n<td>420<\/td>\n<td>~800<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rafah<\/td>\n<td>~32<\/td>\n<td>390<\/td>\n<td>~500<\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Total<\/td>\n<td>~322<\/td>\n<td>460<\/td>\n<td>~5,000<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Table 5. Sensitivity Analysis: Underreporting Scenarios<\/p>\n<table dir=\"ltr\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Indicator<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Observed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+10%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+20%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>+30%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Consistent?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Miscarriage rate\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>460<\/td>\n<td>506<\/td>\n<td>552<\/td>\n<td>598<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Anomaly rate\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>6.6<\/td>\n<td>7.3<\/td>\n<td>7.9<\/td>\n<td>8.6<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Stillbirth rate\/1,000<\/td>\n<td>10.3<\/td>\n<td>11.3<\/td>\n<td>12.4<\/td>\n<td>13.4<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preterm birth %<\/td>\n<td>13.6%<\/td>\n<td>15.0%<\/td>\n<td>16.3%<\/td>\n<td>17.7%<\/td>\n<td>\u2705<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>FIGURES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Figure 1. Conceptual Framework: Synergistic Multi-Exposure Model (see Supplementary Material)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Figure 2. Spatial Distribution of Congenital Anomalies by Governorate (GIS Choropleth Map)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Figure 3. Temporal Trends in Reproductive Health Indicators: Gaza, 2019\u20132026 (Multi-panel Line Graph)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Figure 4. Comparative Bar Chart: Pre-Conflict vs. Conflict Indicators<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel: flash updates. New York: OCHA; 2023-2026. https:\/\/www.ochaopt.org\/<\/li>\n<li>World Health Organization. Health cluster bulletin: Gaza Strip. 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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(44):17046-17049. doi:10.1073\/pnas.0806575105<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplementary File S1: Conceptual Framework \u2013 Synergistic Multi-Exposure Model (detailed diagram)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplementary File S2: Detailed Literature Review (2,800 words)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplementary File S3: Extended Methodology (GIS protocols, sensitivity analysis details)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplementary File S4: Full Reference List (110 references)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supplementary File S5: Monthly Data Tables (October 2023 \u2013 June 2026)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. INTRODUCTION The Gaza Strip, a densely populated coastal enclave of 365 km\u00b2 housing over 2.2 million inhabitants, has been subjected to military escalation of unprecedented scale since October 2023.\u00b9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17736","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17830,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17736\/revisions\/17830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}