{"id":17704,"date":"2026-09-01T00:55:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T00:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-9-1\/"},"modified":"2026-09-01T00:59:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T00:59:51","slug":"7-9-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-9-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Ihsan Murtada Hassan Shweiki\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Majdi Rashid Nimr Al-Jayousi\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj79\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/79\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1 - 25<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-08-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue9\/7-9-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M. H., Al-Jayousi M. R. N.. (2026). A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Shweiki Ihsan Murtada Hassan, Al-Jayousi Majdi Rashid Nimr. 2026. \\&quot;A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Shweiki I. M. H., Al-Jayousi M. R. N.. 2026. A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-09-01. [Cited 2026-09-01]. 7(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-9-1\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Shweiki I. M. H., Al-Jayousi M. R. N.. A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-09-01; 7(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Shweiki I. M. H., Al-Jayousi M. R. N., \\&quot;A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Shweiki Ihsan Murtada Hassan, Al-Jayousi Majdi Rashid Nimr. \\&quot;A Proposed Framework for Developing a Training Program for Teachers in Light of Global Competency Standards and Digital Transformation in Education in Public Schools in Jerusalem.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 9, 2026-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj79\\\/1&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625. \u0645. \u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645. \u0631. \u0646. 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to develop a proposed framework for a teacher training program in light of global competency standards and the digital transformation of education in public schools in Jerusalem. To achieve this objective, the study employed a Mixed Methods approach. The researcher used a questionnaire consisting of (59) items distributed across six domains as a primary tool for quantitative data collection, and a semi-structured interview as a tool for qualitative data collection. The questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of 350 teachers, principals, and supervisors in Jerusalem public schools, selected via simple random sampling from a total population of 6700. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of (8) experts and practitioners. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v.27) for quantitative data  and (MAXQDA) for the thematic analysis of qualitative data. The results revealed that the current status of teacher training programs in Jerusalem, in light of global competencies and digital transformation, was high (Mean = 3.64). The \"Digitization\" domain ranked first, while \"Digital Safety\" ranked last. The findings also indicated statistically significant differences in the perception of training reality attributed to gender (favoring females) and school level (favoring preparatory\/middle schools). No significant differences were found based on academic qualification, specialization, or years of experience. The qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed a consensus regarding a significant gap between theoretical training plans and actual classroom practice. Furthermore, it highlighted contextual challenges related to the \"Bagrut\" system, technology anxiety, and the urgent need to humanize training and shift toward field-based mentorship. In light of these findings, the study presented a proposed framework for a training program based on four integrated tracks: (Technical, Value-based, Contextual, and Leadership). The study recommended several measures, most notably: transitioning from centralized theoretical training models to school-based development and field mentorship models, enhancing digital safety competencies and AI ethics, activating the role of \"Lead Teachers\" and Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) within schools, and involving parents as strategic partners in the digital transformation journey to ensure the sustainability of training impact and the advancement of educational quality in Jerusalem schools.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Proposed Framework, Training Programs, Global Competencies, Digital Transformation, Jerusalem Schools.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 Rahmah, 2022)\u061b \u0632\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 .(Nurdiansyah, 2023) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 .(Evangelio, 2024) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Hammer, 2023\u061b Hanoun, 2024 ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 .(Nopas &amp; Kerdsomboon, 2024) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 .(UNESCO, 2024)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a .(OECD, 2025) \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a. (Bruno, 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (OECD, 2025) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Center, 2025) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 .(Amim, 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 (OECD, 2025).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a (Nopas, Kerdsomboon, 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0645, 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 (Jain, 2025). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<a id=\"post-17704-_Hlk234479200\"><\/a> (Vorotnykova, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 (2025) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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2021). \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 Marais, 2023)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 .(Amemasor, 2025) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (Kurteshi, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a 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justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c 2024\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u060c 2022\u061b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 .(Redecker, 2017)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (Tzafilkou, 2023\u061b.( Alenezi, 2024<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <strong>TPACK<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Khalil, 2020\u061b Tzafilkou, 2023 ).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 ( M\u00e9ndez, 2020\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c 2023).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a Voronin, 2020) \u061b Alenezi, 2024\u061b \u0632\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 .(Kraus, 2021) \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 2023) .\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629(\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong> )\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629( (European Commission, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a:<\/strong> \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Karl &amp; W\u00e4ger, 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 .(Oliveira &amp; Martins, 2021)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a .(Verhoef, 2021) \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 .(Kraus, 2021)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 (Mixed Methods Approach) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0651\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629: \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a (59) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (350 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 (8) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2025\/2026)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (6700) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (2025). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 (350) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 (Krejcie &amp; Morgan, 1970) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (6700) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629): \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631 ISTE \u0648DigCompEdu\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (59) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (30 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627) \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a:<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.644 \u2013 0.836).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.637 \u2013 0.891).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.713 \u2013 0.893).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.632 \u2013 0.905).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.768 \u2013 0.920).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.01)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629): <\/strong>\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (8) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 (Spearman-Brown Coefficient) \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (30) \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.920 \u2013 0.962) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (0.986)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.931 \u2013 0.981) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (0.992) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (10) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (5) \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (80%) \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a (Holsti)\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (0.92)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (0.85)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: <strong>&#8220;\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u061f&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (One-Sample t-test) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (3)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1.4) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1.4) \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.71<\/td>\n<td>0.77<\/td>\n<td>74.2%<\/td>\n<td>17.33<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>0.83<\/td>\n<td>73.4%<\/td>\n<td>15.00<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>0.84<\/td>\n<td>73.4%<\/td>\n<td>15.00<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.57<\/td>\n<td>0.94<\/td>\n<td>71.4%<\/td>\n<td>11.34<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.63<\/td>\n<td>0.90<\/td>\n<td>72.6%<\/td>\n<td>12.98<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>0.85<\/td>\n<td>72.0%<\/td>\n<td>13.17<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.64<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.77<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>72.8%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.64) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.77)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a (72.8%)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (3)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> <strong>&#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629)\u061f&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: <strong>&#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633&#8221;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8.4) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8.4): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0646=350)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>3.78<\/td>\n<td>2.070<\/td>\n<td>0.039<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.57<\/td>\n<td>3.73<\/td>\n<td>1.696<\/td>\n<td>0.091<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.74<\/td>\n<td>2.087<\/td>\n<td>0.038<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.43<\/td>\n<td>3.65<\/td>\n<td>2.122<\/td>\n<td>0.035<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.50<\/td>\n<td>3.70<\/td>\n<td>2.028<\/td>\n<td>0.043<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.48<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>2.108<\/td>\n<td>0.036<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.52<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.71<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.235<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.026<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><sup>* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (348) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (1.96)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) (-2.235) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.026)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0646 (3.71) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (3.52).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.091)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (0.05).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples t-test) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9.4): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>3.74<\/td>\n<td>0.846<\/td>\n<td>0.398<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>0.069<\/td>\n<td>0.945<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>3.67<\/td>\n<td>0.063<\/td>\n<td>0.950<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.54<\/td>\n<td>3.59<\/td>\n<td>0.509<\/td>\n<td>0.611<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.68<\/td>\n<td>1.273<\/td>\n<td>0.204<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.52<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>1.476<\/td>\n<td>0.141<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.61<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.724<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.469<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><sup>* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (348) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (1.96)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) (-0.724) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.469)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 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\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples t-test) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10.4) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.73<\/td>\n<td>3.68<\/td>\n<td>0.585<\/td>\n<td>0.559<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>3.68<\/td>\n<td>-0.267<\/td>\n<td>0.789<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.71<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>1.151<\/td>\n<td>0.251<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.61<\/td>\n<td>3.51<\/td>\n<td>0.927<\/td>\n<td>0.355<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.69<\/td>\n<td>3.53<\/td>\n<td>1.604<\/td>\n<td>0.110<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.65<\/td>\n<td>3.51<\/td>\n<td>1.409<\/td>\n<td>0.160<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.59<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.996<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.320<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><sup>* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (348) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (1.96)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a) (0.996) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.320)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 &#8220;\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644&#8221; \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631 (2026) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a (2024)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 (2023) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2025) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11.4) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0646 5\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>15 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0641)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.80<\/td>\n<td>3.68<\/td>\n<td>2.488<\/td>\n<td>0.085<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.51<\/td>\n<td>3.69<\/td>\n<td>3.72<\/td>\n<td>1.364<\/td>\n<td>0.257<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.65<\/td>\n<td>3.70<\/td>\n<td>3.65<\/td>\n<td>0.133<\/td>\n<td>0.876<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.49<\/td>\n<td>3.58<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>0.318<\/td>\n<td>0.728<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.61<\/td>\n<td>3.66<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>0.154<\/td>\n<td>0.858<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.64<\/td>\n<td>3.63<\/td>\n<td>3.54<\/td>\n<td>0.515<\/td>\n<td>0.598<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.58<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.63<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.389<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.678<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0641&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2\u060c 347) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (3.02)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0641) (0.389) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.678)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (12.4): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0641)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>3.41<\/td>\n<td>21.910<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.55<\/td>\n<td>3.89<\/td>\n<td>3.41<\/td>\n<td>11.722<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.60<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>3.35<\/td>\n<td>14.489<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.41<\/td>\n<td>3.82<\/td>\n<td>3.32<\/td>\n<td>11.127<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.50<\/td>\n<td>3.87<\/td>\n<td>3.35<\/td>\n<td>11.785<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.46<\/td>\n<td>3.82<\/td>\n<td>3.36<\/td>\n<td>11.298<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.51<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.88<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.37<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>16.374<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><sup>* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0641&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2\u060c 347) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (3.02)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0641) (16.374) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.000). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 (Scheff\u00e9) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (13.4): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 (\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631: \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17704-_Toc235819348\"><\/a><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. (2023). \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 [\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621]. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/digital-transition-framework-an-action-plan-for-public-private-collaboration\/\" target=\"_new\"><em>https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/digital-transition-framework-an-action-plan-for-public-private-collaboration\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>World Economic Forum. (2023). Digital transition framework: An action plan for public-private collaboration [White paper]. <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/digital-transition-framework-an-action-plan-for-public-private-collaboration\/\" target=\"_new\"><em>https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/digital-transition-framework-an-action-plan-for-public-private-collaboration\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a (NCTM) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 9<\/em>(2\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 1)\u060c 240\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46515\/jaes.v9i2.668<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sa\u2019ad, S. J., &amp; Al-Zoebi, A. M. (2024). The effect of a training program based on instructional practices according to the NCTM standards on improving pedagogical knowledge among mathematics teachers in Jordan. <em>Jordanian Educational Journal, 9<\/em>(2, Suppl. 1), 240\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46515\/jaes.v9i2.668<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c (148)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/em>\u060c 23-60.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/saep.2023.323166<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibrahim, H. E. M., Al-Riyami, M. N. S., &amp; Al-Marzouqi, A. S. A. (2023). Digital competencies as an approach for developing the technological performance of teachers in schools in the Sultanate of Oman in light of some contemporary models. <em>Arab Studies in Education and Psychology, (148), Part 3<\/em>, 23\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/saep.2023.323166<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 5<\/em>(4)\u060c 1\u2013128. <a href=\"https:\/\/gdel.abegs.org\/Details\/Infographic\/KhydqsdkLLheu2kqkVGLMA?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arab Center for Educational Research for the Gulf States. (2021). Digital competencies for teachers. <em>Educational Futures, 5<\/em>(4), 1\u2013128. <a href=\"https:\/\/gdel.abegs.org\/Details\/Infographic\/KhydqsdkLLheu2kqkVGLMA?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">Official source<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 28<\/em>\u060c 108-124. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65540\/jar.v28i.629\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65540\/jar.v28i.629<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Wadan, S. M. (2024). Digital education: A contemporary vision for teachers\u2019 professional development in light of the requirements of the era. <em>Journal of Academic Research, 28<\/em>, 108\u2013124. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65540\/jar.v28i.629\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65540\/jar.v28i.629<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628. (2023). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 31<\/em>(5)\u060c 29-51.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Musa, A. H., &amp; Askoul, M. A. (2023). The effectiveness of a training program designed according to the four-component instructional design model (4C\/ID) in developing digital competencies among Palestinian teachers. <em>Islamic University Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 31<\/em>(5), 29\u201351. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.iugaza.edu.ps\/index.php\/IUGJEPS\/article\/view\/13118?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a. (2021). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/em>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdel-Aty, H. R. (2021). <em>Digital citizenship in the educational context<\/em>. Dar Al-Jinan for Publishing and Distribution. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7.html?id=CJksEAAAQBAJ&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">Book record<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645. (2025). \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c (562)<\/em>\u060c 7-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65506\/14121<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naaman, I. (2025). Implications of artificial intelligence for our national security. <em>The Arab Future (Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi), (562)<\/em>, 7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.65506\/14121<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c 1<\/em>(1)\u060c 197-222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/aijtid.2021.209429<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Hilali, M. M. I. (2021). Digital transformation in the age of big data: A literature review. <em>Arab International Journal for Information Technology and Data, 1<\/em>(1), 197\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/aijtid.2021.209429<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2025). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c 25<\/em>(2)\u060c 11-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29117\/jes.2025.0225<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nofal, M. B. M. (2025). The effectiveness of a professional development program based on global professional standards for enhancing elementary teachers\u2019 educational competencies in Jordan. <em>Journal of Educational Sciences \u2013 Qatar University, 25<\/em>(2), 11\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29117\/jes.2025.0225<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. (2023). \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c 3<\/em>(4)\u060c 97-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/aijtid.2023.212857.1057<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sharif, M. K. Y., Al-Harbi, L. S. A., Al-Harbi, A. A. M., &amp; Al-Sulaimani, A. O. A. (2023). The effectiveness of a proposed training program for developing cybersecurity awareness among female students of the College of Arts and Humanities: An experimental study (Part 1). <em>Arab International Journal for Information Technology and Data, 3<\/em>(4), 97\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/aijtid.2023.212857.1057<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643. (2021). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19<\/em>. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zaalouk, M. (2021). <em>Teacher professional development in the Arab States during the COVID-19 pandemic<\/em>. UNESCO Regional Bureau for Education in the Arab States, Beirut. <a href=\"https:\/\/teachertaskforce.org\/knowledge-hub\/teacher-professional-development-arab-states-during-covid-19-pandemic?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">Report<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631. (2024). \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (ISTE): \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629\u060c 7<\/em>(9).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alloush, Y. (2024). 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Professional development of teachers in conditions of digital transformation of postgraduate pedagogical education . <em>CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 3771<\/em>, 45\u201359.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17704","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17704"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17749,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17704\/revisions\/17749"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}