{"id":17613,"date":"2026-08-07T14:00:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T14:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-39\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T14:03:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T14:03:07","slug":"7-8-39","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-8-39\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 39"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0627.\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aalaam.ahmad@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Asst. Prof. Alaa Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Al-Khatib\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> aalaam.ahmad@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 747 - 756<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-39.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Prof. Alaa Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed Al-Khatib\u00b9&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627.\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639)&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-39\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-08-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, A. M. M. A.. (2026). Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, Alaa Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed. 2026. \\&quot;Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, A. M. M. A.. 2026. Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-08]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-39\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, A. M. M. A.. Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, A. M. M. A., \\&quot;Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Khatib, Alaa Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed. \\&quot;Theories Explaining Light and Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s Theory.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627. \u0645. \u0645. \u0627. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627. \u0645. \u0645. \u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to trace the historical development of theories explaining the nature and propagation of light and to analyze the contributions of philosophers and Muslim and Western scholars to the interpretation of light and vision. Particular attention was given to Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq\u2019s theory and its comparison with concepts established in modern optics. The study adopted a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach by reviewing ideas and theories extending from ancient Greek thought to corpuscular, wave, electromagnetic, and quantum theories. It also analyzed selected religious and scientific texts related to the concepts of light and the \u201ctwinkling of an eye.\u201d The findings showed that explanations of the nature of light evolved through successive stages, beginning with theories proposing the emission of rays from the eye or the reception of images from objects and culminating in the concept of wave\u2013particle duality, which combines the wave and quantum properties of light. The study also indicated that Imam al-Sadiq\u2019s conception of vision\u2014based on light being reflected from objects and reaching the eye at an extremely high speed\u2014broadly corresponds to certain principles later adopted in optics to explain vision and the use of optical instruments to magnify distant objects. The study concluded that the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal physical constant, whereas its propagation speed varies depending on the medium. It further found that the expression \u201cthe twinkling of an eye\u201d signifies extreme speed, while miraculous phenomena remain beyond explanation through conventional physical laws. The study highlights the importance of re-examining the Islamic scientific heritage within its historical context and comparing it with modern scientific knowledge through a rigorous critical approach.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Light; Theories of Light; Imam Ja\u2018far al-Sadiq; Speed of Light; Optics.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 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\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1767\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a(299792 km\/sec)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a(299792.458 km\/sec)\u060c <sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17613-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-17613-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a>)<\/sup> , \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (86164.09966 sec)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 (12000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646:-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 = 12000 \u00d7 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u00d7 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12000 \u00d7 368207 \u00d7 89157 \u00d7 655 \u00d7 719395 = (25.83134723) \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C = 25831347230 Km \/ 86164.09966 sec<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C = 299792.458 Km \/ sec<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0648\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufd3f \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u062c\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064d \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0642\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e )<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17613-footnote-ref-16\" href=\"#post-17613-footnote-16\">[16]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646: ((\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627! \u0641\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647 (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0645 (\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 (\u0639) \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (\u0639) \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (\u0639)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0641&#8230; \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062c 440 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637! \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u061f!! \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646..! \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648&#8230;\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627&#8230; \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u061f! \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627(17)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a (\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639): \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u063a \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646) 18)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Holy Qur\u2019an.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627. (1979). \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 6 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Faris, A. ibn F. ibn Z. (1979). Dictionary of Arabic Language Standards (A. M. Harun, Ed., 6 vols.). Beirut: Dar Al-Fikr. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. (1414\u0647\u0640). \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (\u06373). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Manzur, M. ibn M. (1414 AH). Lisan Al-Arab (3rd ed.). Beirut: Dar Sader. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. (1415\u0647\u0640). \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Alusi, M. ibn A. Al-Husayni. (1415 AH). The Spirit of Meanings in the Interpretation of the Great Qur\u2019an and the Seven Oft-Repeated Verses (A. A. Al-Bari Atiyyah, Ed., 1st ed.). Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2000). \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u06373). \u062f.\u0645.: \u062f.\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jaza\u2019iri, N. A. (2000). Stories of the Prophets and Messengers (3rd ed.). N.p.: N.p. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u062f\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u00ab\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u00bb. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u062d. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026\u060c \u0645\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/drdoudah.net\/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/drdoudah.net\/\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.html<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Doudah, M. (n.d.). \u201cThe Speed of Light.\u201d Dr. Mohamed Doudah\u2019s Website. Retrieved August 7, 2026, from: <a href=\"https:\/\/drdoudah.net\/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/drdoudah.net\/\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.html<\/a> [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (1420\u0647\u0640). \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u06373). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Razi, M. ibn O. Fakhr Al-Din. (1420 AH). Keys to the Unseen, or the Great Commentary (3rd ed.). Beirut: Dar Ihya Al-Turath Al-Arabi. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644. (1990). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u062f.\u0645.: \u062f.\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sharbini, H. M. J., Al-Khayyat, B. H. F., &amp; Hassoun, S. K. (1990). Physical Optics (1st ed.). N.p.: N.p. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646. (1984). \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Farisi, K. Al-Din A. Al-Hasan. (1984). The Revision of Optics for Those of Sight and Insight (M. Hijazi, Ed.; M. Mukhtar, Rev.). Cairo: Egyptian General Book Organization. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631. (1394\u0647\u0640). \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631 (\u06372). \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Majlisi, M. B. (1394 AH). Seas of Lights: A Comprehensive Collection of the Precious Traditions of the Pure Imams (2nd ed.). Tehran: Al-Maktabah Al-Islamiyyah. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. (1995). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a). \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Group of Researchers. (1995). Imam Al-Sadiq as Known by Western Scholars (N. Al Ali, Trans. into Arabic). Damascus: Dar Al-Fadil. [In Arabic]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. (2026). SI base unit: Metre (m). Retrieved August 7, 2026, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bipm.org\/en\/si-base-units\/metre?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.bipm.org\/en\/si-base-units\/metre<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Einstein, A. (1905). Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter K\u00f6rper. Annalen der Physik, 322(10), 891\u2013921. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/andp.19053221004\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/andp.19053221004<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hecht, E. (2002). Optics (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Addison-Wesley.<\/li>\n<li>Lindberg, D. C. (1981). Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li>Sabra, A. I. (1989). The Optics of Ibn Al-Haytham: Books I\u2013III, On Direct Vision (2 vols.). London: The Warburg Institute.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>David C. Lindberg, Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), pp. 1\u201317. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a (\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c 1995)\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 257\u2013268. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 15\u201318 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>Lindberg, Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler, pp. 1\u201317 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>Ibid., pp. 18\u201342 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>A. I. Sabra, The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham: Books I\u2013III, On Direct Vision, 2 vols. (London: The Warburg Institute, 1989), vol. 1, pp. 68\u201374 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1984)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 300\u2013320 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1984)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 300\u2013320 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>Eugene Hecht, Optics, 4th ed. (San Francisco: Addison-Wesley, 2002), pp. 45\u201363 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>Albert Einstein, \u201cOn the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,\u201d Annalen der Physik, vol. 17 (1905), pp. 891\u2013921, esp. pp. 891\u2013892 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>Ibid., pp. 581\u2013590 <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 257\u2013268. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 (77) <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u062d\u00bb\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u062d\u00bb\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 (77)\u061b \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u062d\u060c \u00ab\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 7 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2026\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/drdoudah.net\/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A1.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/a>\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633\u060c \u00ab\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 299,792,458 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bipm.org\/en\/si-base-units\/metre?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">BIPM<\/a>. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 5) <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17613-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>() <\/sup>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 271\u2013285. <a href=\"#post-17613-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 : \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17613","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17613"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17615,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17613\/revisions\/17615"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}