{"id":17512,"date":"2026-08-01T02:05:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T02:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-22\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T13:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T13:06:13","slug":"7-8-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-8-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 22"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645.\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: h.farman@uowasit.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Downward Social Comparison among University Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Lecturer Dr. Hassanein Farman Abboud\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 University of Wasit, College of Science, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> h.farman@uowasit.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/22' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/22<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/22' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/22<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 406 - 421<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-22.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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F.. (2026). Downward Social Comparison among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abboud Hassanein Farman. 2026. \\&quot;Downward Social Comparison among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abboud H. F.. 2026. Downward Social Comparison among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-01]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-22\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abboud H. F.. Downward Social Comparison among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abboud H. F., \\&quot;Downward Social Comparison among University Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abboud Hassanein Farman. \\&quot;Downward Social Comparison among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d. \u0641. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d. \u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-08-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-08-01]. 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-22\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d. \u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-08-01\u061b 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d. \u0641. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 8\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 8\u060c 2026-08-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/22&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 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\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (184) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648(216) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024)\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (104.50) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (90)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 (20.35). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to identify the level of downward social comparison among students at the University of Wasit and examine whether it differed according to gender (male and female), academic specialization (scientific and humanities), or the interaction between these variables. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and included a sample of 400 students selected using proportionate stratified random sampling, comprising 184 male and 216 female students. To collect data, the researcher developed a Downward Social Comparison Scale based on the dimensions of Peters\u2019 model (2024). In its final form, the scale consisted of 30 items distributed across three domains: the emotional-affective domain, the cognitive-perceptual domain represented by control and mastery, and the behavioral-executive domain represented by self-regulated learning. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified; the test\u2013retest reliability coefficient was 0.82, while Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient was 0.85. The data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test and two-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that university students exhibited a statistically significant high level of downward social comparison, with a mean score of 104.50 compared with the hypothetical mean of 90 and a calculated t-value of 20.35. The results also showed no statistically significant differences in downward social comparison attributable to gender, academic specialization, or their interaction. Based on these findings, the study recommended directing downward social comparison toward promoting self-regulated learning and academic perseverance and enhancing students\u2019 awareness of the balanced use of social comparisons in university and digital environments.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Downward social comparison; social comparison; university students; self-regulated learning; academic specialization.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 (Wills, 1981, p. 245).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 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\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 (Smith &amp; Jones, 2026, p. 112).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a) \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0651\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 .(Miller &amp; Davis, 2026, p. 45)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a) \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025 \u2013 2026.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Downward Social Comparison): \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646:<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632 (Wills, 1981):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a&#8221;. (Wills, 1981, p. 245)<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Hu et al., 2024):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629&#8221;. (Hu et al., 2024, p. 5).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645&#8221;. (Peters, 2024, p. 112).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 (Ego) \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 (Wills, 1981, p. 245).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b). \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 ((Taylor &amp; Lobel, 1989, p. 570.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a (Wood, 1989, p. 233).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 ((Suls &amp; Wheeler, 2000. P. 112.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (Wills, 1981)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632 (Wills, 1981) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Defensive Mechanism) \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (Self-Esteem Maintenance). \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 (Ego) \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 &#8220;\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Comparison Targets) \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a -\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647- \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b (Wills, 1981, p. 245).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Hu et al., 2024)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Social Contexts) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 (Altruism)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a (Hu et al., 2024, p. 5).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Evaluation) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (Self-Efficacy) \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Peters, 2024, p. 112).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Emotional Domain): \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 (Sense of Control &amp; Mastery): \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Self-Regulated Learning): \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; (Warning Cue) \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2024 \u2013 2025\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (14394)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (15) \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (4) \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648(11) \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (6634) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (46%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b (7760) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (54%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a (5646) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (2429) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (43%)\u060c \u0648(3217) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (57%). \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (8748) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (4205) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (48%)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (4543) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (52%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c 2019: 160). \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0646 (Christensen, 1997) \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (10000) \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (400) (\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2006\u060c 162). \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (184) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648(216) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648(157) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648(243) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>40<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>50<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>90<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>30<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>67<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>90<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>157<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"11\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"11\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>34<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>26<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>30<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>22<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>29<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>28<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>26<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>54<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>117<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>126<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>243<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"5\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>400<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 Peters, 2024)) \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645&#8221;. (Peters, 2024, p. 112).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631: <\/strong>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Emotional Domain) \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 (Sense of Control &amp; Mastery) \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Self-Regulated Learning): \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 (5 \u2013 1) \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646): \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647 (10) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (80%) \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (90 \u2013 100%) \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 30 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 (30) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (14) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 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\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b (216) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (214) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2)<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.92<\/td>\n<td>0.21<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.65<\/td>\n<td>0.42<\/td>\n<td>28.52<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.89<\/td>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.80<\/td>\n<td>0.39<\/td>\n<td>24.32<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.95<\/td>\n<td>0.18<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.55<\/td>\n<td>0.48<\/td>\n<td>28.25<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>4.00<\/td>\n<td>0.00<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.92<\/td>\n<td>0.35<\/td>\n<td>32.06<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.91<\/td>\n<td>0.22<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.74<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>24.51<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.96<\/td>\n<td>0.16<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.60<\/td>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<td>29.56<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.28<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.74<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>24.23<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.24<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.52<\/td>\n<td>0.50<\/td>\n<td>26.23<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.94<\/td>\n<td>0.19<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.68<\/td>\n<td>0.43<\/td>\n<td>28.11<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.97<\/td>\n<td>0.14<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.71<\/td>\n<td>0.38<\/td>\n<td>32.18<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.28<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.74<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>24.23<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>0.12<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.50<\/td>\n<td>0.52<\/td>\n<td>28.61<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.91<\/td>\n<td>0.22<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.85<\/td>\n<td>0.33<\/td>\n<td>28.18<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.28<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.74<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>24.23<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.89<\/td>\n<td>0.26<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.63<\/td>\n<td>0.44<\/td>\n<td>26.15<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.93<\/td>\n<td>0.20<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.79<\/td>\n<td>0.39<\/td>\n<td>26.47<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.95<\/td>\n<td>0.17<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.56<\/td>\n<td>0.47<\/td>\n<td>28.66<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>4.00<\/td>\n<td>0.00<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.88<\/td>\n<td>0.36<\/td>\n<td>32.34<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.92<\/td>\n<td>0.22<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.67<\/td>\n<td>0.42<\/td>\n<td>27.65<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.96<\/td>\n<td>0.15<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.70<\/td>\n<td>0.40<\/td>\n<td>31.02<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.94<\/td>\n<td>0.19<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.60<\/td>\n<td>0.44<\/td>\n<td>29.35<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.89<\/td>\n<td>0.26<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.70<\/td>\n<td>0.38<\/td>\n<td>26.85<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.97<\/td>\n<td>0.14<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.58<\/td>\n<td>0.49<\/td>\n<td>28.47<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>4.00<\/td>\n<td>0.00<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.61<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>35.15<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.28<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.74<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<td>24.23<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.91<\/td>\n<td>0.23<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.66<\/td>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<td>25.59<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.95<\/td>\n<td>0.18<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.73<\/td>\n<td>0.39<\/td>\n<td>29.21<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.90<\/td>\n<td>0.25<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.51<\/td>\n<td>0.51<\/td>\n<td>25.96<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.93<\/td>\n<td>0.21<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.78<\/td>\n<td>0.36<\/td>\n<td>28.53<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>3.98<\/td>\n<td>0.13<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>2.69<\/td>\n<td>0.40<\/td>\n<td>31.81<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629): \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 (\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.01)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (0.128) \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.48 &#8211; 0.72)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.51 &#8211; 0.75)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 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\u0648\u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.01).<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (30) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 (14) \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (0.82) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (0.85)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a (104.50)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0637\u062d \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (Parametric Statistics) \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Mean<\/td>\n<td>104.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td>Median<\/td>\n<td>105.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>Mode<\/td>\n<td>106.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>Std. Deviation<\/td>\n<td>14.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>Variance<\/td>\n<td>203.063<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>Skewness<\/td>\n<td>0.22-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>Kurtosis<\/td>\n<td>0.15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/td>\n<td>Range<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Minimum<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>Maximum<\/td>\n<td>142<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td>Sum<\/td>\n<td>41800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (SPSS)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646: \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a) \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e: \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\/ \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\/ \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629:<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (104.50) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 (14.25)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a (90). \u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (399) \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4)<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>399<\/td>\n<td>104.50<\/td>\n<td>14.25<\/td>\n<td>90<\/td>\n<td>20.35<\/td>\n<td>1.96<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (20.35) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (399) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 (Wills, 1981). \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a):<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5)<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/td>\n<td>124.199<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>124.199<\/td>\n<td>2.203<\/td>\n<td>3.84<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/td>\n<td>20.088<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>20.088<\/td>\n<td>0.356<\/td>\n<td>3.84<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633*\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/td>\n<td>1.373<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1.373<\/td>\n<td>0.024<\/td>\n<td>3.84<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/td>\n<td>22327.303<\/td>\n<td>396<\/td>\n<td>56.382<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>22481.44<\/td>\n<td>399<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 (2.203)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (3.84). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 (0.356). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 (0.024)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.05) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648(396) \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632 (Wills, 1981)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a (Conclusions): \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\/\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\/\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a (Recommendations): \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a (Suggestions): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 (Peters, 2024) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647).<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u2022 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moulay, M. (2024). <em>Strategic optimism as a coping mechanism and its relationship to health behavior among university students<\/em> (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Kasdi Merbah University, Ouargla, Algeria.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u2022 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062f. (2025). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Enezi, F. (2025). <em>Cognitive psychology and the university environment: Coping mechanisms and stress-management strategies<\/em>. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hu, Y., Wang, X., &amp; Liu, Q. (2024). Mechanisms of downward social comparison on life satisfaction and prosocial behaviors. <em>Frontiers in Psychology<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>, Article 124505. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.124505\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.124505<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Miller, R., &amp; Davis, L. (2026). Downward social comparison and state anxiety: The role of self-relevance in undergraduate student populations. <em>Journal of Experimental Social Psychology<\/em>, <em>42<\/em>(2), 38\u201351.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Peters, M. (2024). Academic social comparisons among university students: Emotional regulation and self-regulated learning. <em>Journal of Higher Education and Student Affairs<\/em>. 29(2) p. 101-118.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smith, J., &amp; Jones, M. (2026). Daily links between academic social comparison and mental health in college students: Core self-evaluation as a mediator. <em>Journal of American College Health<\/em>, <em>74<\/em>(3), 105\u2013120.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suls, J., &amp; Wheeler, L. (2000). <em>Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research<\/em>. Kluwer Academic Publishers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taylor, S. E., &amp; Lobel, M. (1989). Social comparison activity under threat: Downward evaluation and upward contacts. <em>Psychological Review<\/em>. 96(4), p. 569 \u2013 575.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward Comparison Principles in Social Psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.90.2.24\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.90.2.24<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research on social comparison: New directions. <em>Psychological Bulletin<\/em>. 106(2), p. 231 \u2013 248.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17512","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17512","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17512"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17512\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17579,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17512\/revisions\/17579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17512"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}