{"id":17509,"date":"2026-08-01T02:05:03","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T02:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-19\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T13:02:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T13:02:12","slug":"7-8-19","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-8-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 19"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0649:salam387@gmail .com .nada<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0649:ankara5566@yahoo. com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Nada Salem Al-Muthbil\u00b9, Dr. Iman Atiyah Sassi\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Master\u2019s Student in Architectural Engineering, Libyan Academy, Derna Branch, Libya.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> nada.salam387@gmail.com;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Assistant Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, University of Derna, Libya.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> ankara5566@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/19' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/19<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/19' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/19<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 344 - 364<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-19.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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S., Sassi I. A.. (2026). The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Muthbil Nada Salem, Sassi Iman Atiyah. 2026. \\&quot;The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Muthbil N. S., Sassi I. A.. 2026. The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-01]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-19\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Muthbil N. S., Sassi I. A.. The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Muthbil N. S., Sassi I. A., \\&quot;The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Muthbil Nada Salem, Sassi Iman Atiyah. \\&quot;The Perceived Impact of Digital Technology Programs on Architectural Education: A Field Study at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646. \u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625. \u0639. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646. \u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625. \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-08-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-08-01]. 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-19\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646. \u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625. \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-08-01\u061b 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646. \u0633\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625. \u0639. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 8\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 8\u060c 2026-08-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/19&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u061b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examined the perceived impact of digital technology programs on architectural education at the Department of Architecture, University of Derna. It assessed software-use patterns, theoretical and practical skills, simulation and visualization, creativity, the relationship between hand and digital drawing, project stages, and institutional constraints. A descriptive-analytical design was adopted using student and faculty questionnaires, supported by an interview and photographic field observation. A full census included 111 participants: 104 third-, fourth-, and fifth-year students and seven faculty members. Frequencies, percentages, and weighted mean scores were calculated. Two negatively worded student items were reverse-scored before composite means were computed, while mixed-direction training and curriculum items in the faculty questionnaire were reported separately. Instrument reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and all coefficients exceeded 0.70. AutoCAD was continuously used by all students, followed by SketchUp (51.0%) and Revit (44.2%). Academic and professional impact ranked highest among the positive student dimensions (M = 4.54), followed by hand-digital integration (M = 4.43), practical and technical skills (M = 4.33), and simulation, visualization, and presentation (M = 4.28). Creativity and innovation scored 3.85, whereas the separate challenges indicator scored 4.17. Faculty members strongly supported hand-digital integration (M = 4.74), while infrastructure and resource adequacy were very low (M = 1.36). The findings indicate perceived benefits in output quality, completion speed, spatial understanding, and professional readiness, but sustainable implementation requires improved laboratories, internet access, licensed software, structured training, curriculum renewal, and preservation of hand drawing during early concept generation.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> digital technology; architectural education; design skills; building information modeling; University of Derna.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 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justify;\">\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631 (2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 (2025) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1120\" class=\"wp-image-17561\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1.png 2400w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-1024x478.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-768x358.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-1536x717.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-2048x956.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 (2007) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a (2012) \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648 (2024) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>41.4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25.2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27.0%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>111<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.70)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u064f\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629 = 6 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a: 4.21-5.00 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c 3.41-4.20 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c 2.61-3.40 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c 1.81-2.60 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.81 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b 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\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 AutoCAD \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 SketchUp \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 51.0% \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 40.4%. \u0623\u0645\u0627 Revit\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 BIM\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 44.2% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 47.1%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0640Lumion \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 28.8%\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 27.9% \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 35.6%\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0646 = 104). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>AutoCAD<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>104 (100.0%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>SketchUp<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>53 (51.0%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>42 (40.4%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9 (8.7%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Revit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>46 (44.2%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>49 (47.1%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6 (5.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3 (2.9%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Lumion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30 (28.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18 (17.3%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6 (5.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50 (48.1%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29 (27.9%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37 (35.6%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>14 (13.5%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24 (23.1%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>Photoshop<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3 (2.9%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16 (15.4%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>29 (27.9%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>56 (53.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>V-Ray<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6 (5.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12 (11.5%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12 (11.5%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>74 (71.2%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3ds Max<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9 (8.7%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23 (22.1%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>72 (69.2%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>ArchiCAD<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6 (5.8%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>98 (94.2%)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1500\" class=\"wp-image-17562\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2.png 2500w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-1536x922.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-2048x1229.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.54\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.43\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.33\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.28\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.22. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 3.85 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a 3.32\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a 4.17\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1480\" class=\"wp-image-17563\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3.png 2500w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-1024x606.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-1536x909.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-2048x1212.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/> \u0634\u0643\u0644 (3): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (4.75)\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (4.29)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 4.22. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (4.73)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (4.45)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (4.39)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 4.33.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.61\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.32\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.31\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.25\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3.89\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 4.28.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.76\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.68\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 4.62. \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u00bb \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 1.96\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.04 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d 4.43\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.85\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 3.95\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.05 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.57. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 4.39\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 4.38\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 4.23. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u0633\u062c\u0644 3.72 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d 2.28 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 3.85.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.53\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 4.50\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a 4.24\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 4.22. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 4.77\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a 4.57\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 4.44\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a 4.38.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.76<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a (4.76)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a (4.27). \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 4.04 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3.90 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u06483.57 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.76<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.13<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.04<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2500\" height=\"1500\" class=\"wp-image-17564\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4.png 2500w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-1024x614.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-1536x922.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-2048x1229.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\" \/> \u0634\u0643\u0644 (4): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.12\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.00. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 5.00\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.43 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a 2.71 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 4.74\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 5.00. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a 1.36\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 4.31\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a 4.24. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 5.00\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1.00 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629<strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c BIM \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 4.57\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a 4.29\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1.57 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6): \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1471\" height=\"861\" class=\"wp-image-17565\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-.png 1471w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5--300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5--1024x599.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5--768x450.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5--18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1471px) 100vw, 1471px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7): \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0642\u062a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 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width=\"2500\" height=\"1170\" class=\"wp-image-17566\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/6.png\" alt=\"\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6): \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 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4.74\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 (2007) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a (2012) \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648 (2024)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 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\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06484.33 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.43 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06484.74 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.85 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.85 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a 4.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.17 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06484.24 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 1.36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 AutoCAD \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 100%\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 SketchUp \u0648Revit\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2021). \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. Engineering Research Journal\u060c (169)\u060c 92-109.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, O. M. S., Kamel, H. M., &amp; El-Nakhily, F. M. (2021). Augmented reality applications in the fields of architecture: Opportunities and challenges. Engineering Research Journal, (169), 92-109.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2020). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(24)\u060c 26-43. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.23435.1496&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.23435.1496<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, S. M. A. A. (2020). The role of visualization software in architectural education. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 5(24), 26-43. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.23435.1496\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.23435.1496<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a. (2022). \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 10(2)\u060c 91-108. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/eaec.2022.155591.1101\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/eaec.2022.155591.1101<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Badawi, M. M. A. (2022). Artificial intelligence applications in education: Challenges and future prospects. The Refereed Scientific Journal of the Egyptian Association for Educational Computer, 10(2), 91-108. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/eaec.2022.155591.1101\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/eaec.2022.155591.1101<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628. (2024). \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 1(1)\u060c 57-71.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Berkan, E. (2024). Digital education technologies and their role in the internationalization of higher education institutions: The Moroccan university as a model. Journal of Research in Humanities and Cognitive Sciences, 1(1), 57-71.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a. (2022). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(2)\u060c 474-491.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bilal, R. A., Sassi, I. A., &amp; Aghfir, N. F. (2022). The role of building simulation software in enhancing sustainability strategies in the design process: Requirements and obstacles to implementation in Libya and proposed solutions. Humanities and Natural Sciences Journal, 3(2), 474-491.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research\u060c 5(18)\u060c 268-282. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61212\/jsd\/217\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61212\/jsd\/217<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Belladj, A. (2024). The role of digital technology and artificial intelligence in improving education: A review of the challenges and opportunities available in the era of digital transformation. Journal of Scientific Development for Studies and Research, 5(18), 268-282. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61212\/jsd\/217\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61212\/jsd\/217<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642. (2023). \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 8(39)\u060c 1-13.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2021.77778.2350\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2021.77778.2350<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Khalifa, O. A., &amp; El-Sherif, T. (2023). Integrating three-dimensional printing technologies as a step forward in developing the design process in architectural education. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 8(39), 1-13. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2021.77778.2350\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2021.77778.2350<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2023). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 8(42)\u060c 164-192.<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2022.109252.2580\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2022.109252.2580<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El-Sakka, E., &amp; Kamar El-Dawla, M. A. (2023). The role of building information modeling in developing architectural education: A case study of the Environmental Architecture Engineering Program at Tanta University. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 8(42), 164-192. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2022.109252.2580\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2022.109252.2580<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. Engineering Research Journal\u060c 183(3)\u060c 476-506.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/erj.2024.377328\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/erj.2024.377328<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El-Shebeiny, A. N. H., Mandour, A., &amp; Riad, M. A. (2024). The role of smart technologies in enhancing the efficiency of architectural education. Engineering Research Journal, 183(3), 476-506. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/erj.2024.377328\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/erj.2024.377328<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646. (2025). \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 10(50)\u060c 80-92. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2023.220394.3134\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2023.220394.3134<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdel-Rigal, M. M. H. (2025). Toward an advanced scientific methodology for using artificial intelligence technology in architectural design studios: A practical application involving architecture students. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 10(50), 80-92. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2023.220394.3134\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2023.220394.3134<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2025). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 10(52)\u060c 54-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2024.259661.3306\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2024.259661.3306<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anbar, M. F. A. (2025). The impact of artificial intelligence platforms and tools on architectural education. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 10(52), 54-67. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2024.259661.3306\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2024.259661.3306<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. (2021). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 2)\u060c 111-129. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.46430.1943\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.46430.1943<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El-Feky, H. M. K., &amp; El-Feky, L. (2021). E-learning and virtual reality simulation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of the exhibition design course at the College of Architecture and Digital Design, Dar Al Uloom University. Journal of Architecture, Arts and Humanistic Sciences, 6(Special Issue 2), 111-129. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.46430.1943\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mjaf.2020.46430.1943<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0637\u0647. (2012). \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 20(1)\u060c 20-34. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33899\/rengj.2012.47233\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33899\/rengj.2012.47233<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qaymaji, N. T. (2012). A comparison of intellectual performance in architectural education between the use of digital and traditional approaches. Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, 20(1), 20-34. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33899\/rengj.2012.47233\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33899\/rengj.2012.47233<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1(15)\u060c 269-294.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nasser, M. B. N. A. I. (2021). The role of virtual reality in interior design for education within classrooms at engineering colleges. Research in Specific Sciences and Arts, 1(15), 269-294.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">1-Brydon, K. W. (2007). Architectural sketching with computer graphics [Master\u2019s thesis, University of Manchester].<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">2-Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., &amp; Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275-285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.susoc.2022.05.004<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">3-Kalay, Y. E. (2008). The impact of information technology on architectural education in the 21st century. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Critical Digital: What Matter(s)? (pp. 3-6). Harvard University Graduate School of Design.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">4-Mukul, E., &amp; B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00f6zkan, G. (2023). Digital transformation in education: A systematic review of Education 4.0. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122664<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">5-Soliman, S., Taha, D., &amp; El Sayad, Z. (2019). Architectural education in the digital age: Computer applications between academia and practice. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(2), 809-818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2019.05.016<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">6-Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, N. (2024). Sketching versus digital design tools in architectural design. Journal of Computational Design, 5(2), 301-316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53710\/jcode.1504947<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17509","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17567,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17509\/revisions\/17567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}