{"id":17505,"date":"2026-08-01T02:05:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T02:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-15\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T12:58:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T12:58:36","slug":"7-8-15","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-8-15\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 15"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Yaseramo78@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Akbal.1@live.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Yasrah Mohammed Hijazi\u00b9, Iqbal Yousef Abu Ihsan Badawi\u00b2<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD in Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Yaseramo78@gmail.com.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> PhD in Teaching and Learning, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Akbal.1@live.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/15' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/15<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/15' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/15<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 256 - 275<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-15.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M., &amp; Badawi, I. Y. A.. (2026). The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hijazi, Yasrah Mohammed, &amp; Badawi, Iqbal Yousef Abu Ihsan. 2026. \\&quot;The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hijazi, Y. M., &amp; Badawi, I. Y. A.. 2026. The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-01]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-15\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hijazi, Y. M., &amp; Badawi, I. Y. A.. The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hijazi, Y. M., &amp; Badawi, I. Y. A., \\&quot;The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hijazi, Yasrah Mohammed, &amp; Badawi, Iqbal Yousef Abu Ihsan. \\&quot;The Reality of Educational Needs Assessment in Light of 21st-Century Requirements from the Perspective of Primary School Teachers in the Western Galilee.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a. \u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627. \u064a. \u0623. (2026). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a. \u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627. \u064a. \u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-08-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-08-01]. 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-15\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a. \u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627. \u064a. \u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-08-01\u061b 7(8). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a. \u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627. \u064a. \u0623. \u00ab\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 8\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/15&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u00ab\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 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direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the current state of educational needs assessment relative to 21st-century competencies, identifying critical skill and knowledge gaps within contemporary primary classrooms from the perspective of teachers in the Western Galilee. Given the distinctive socio-cultural nuances of this region, a descriptive-analytical research design was employed. Data were gathered from a convenience sample of 286 primary school educators utilizing a validated electronic questionnaire aligned with UNESCO and OECD global frameworks. Quantitative analysis revealed that educators perceive their current educational needs assessment at a moderate level (M = 2.84, SD = 1.08), highlighting a pronounced awareness of the gap between current pedagogical capabilities and 21st-century demands. \"Professional Needs and Continuous Development\" emerged as the most critical domain requiring immediate intervention, whereas \"Communication and Collaboration\" was perceived as the least urgent. Demographically, statistically significant differences were observed across all dimensions in favor of male educators. Furthermore, a significant bipolar age-related trend emerged regarding \"Digital Skills,\" indicating that both novice teachers (under 25) and veteran teachers (over 55) experience the highest demand for technology-focused support. Conversely, years of teaching experience and academic qualification yielded no statistically significant differences, demonstrating that modern educational challenges represent a shared professional concern transcending career longevity and credentials. Consequently, this study recommends implementing sustainable, school-based professional development models and establishing cross-generational mentorship networks to systematically bridge digital and pedagogical divides.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> educational needs Assessment, 21st-century skills, primary education, Western Galilee.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 .(Brown &amp; Smith, 2017)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 .(Trilling &amp; Fadel, 2009)\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a.(Varas et al., 2023)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 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\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 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justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 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\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .(Kaufman et al., 1993)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645&#8221; .(Smith &amp; Brown, 2021, 45) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: <\/strong>&#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639&#8221; Trilling &amp; Fadel, 2009, 50)). \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (UIS, 2012)<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2025\u20132026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (1111) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c (227) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648(884) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627- \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (286) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 1111 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1): \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<td>56<\/td>\n<td>19.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/td>\n<td>230<\/td>\n<td>80.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>286<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>4.2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>25-34 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>41<\/td>\n<td>14.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>35-44 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>89<\/td>\n<td>31.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45-54 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>116<\/td>\n<td>40.6%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>55 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<td>28<\/td>\n<td>9.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>286<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td>91<\/td>\n<td>31.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>181<\/td>\n<td>63.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>4.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>286<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>26<\/td>\n<td>9.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>51<\/td>\n<td>17.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>209<\/td>\n<td>73.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>286<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>100%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (27) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (6) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (29 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646 (30) \u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 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\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (N = 30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.91<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.95<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.96<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>0.92<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.89<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>29<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (0.89) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (0.96) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (0.91) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (29) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (286) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 ((N = 286<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.92<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.94<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.94<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>0.93<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>0.91<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>29<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.97<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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(0.94) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (29) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (0.97)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (0.97) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (OECD)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (SPSS)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a (t-test) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"737\" height=\"108\" class=\"wp-image-17550\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/word-image-17505-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/word-image-17505-1.png 737w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/word-image-17505-1-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/word-image-17505-1-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 737px) 100vw, 737px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 1.00 \u062d\u062a\u0649 2.33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 2.34 \u062d\u062a\u0649 3.66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 3.67 \u062d\u062a\u0649 5.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (286) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (N = 286)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td>3.32<\/td>\n<td>1.01<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>2.87<\/td>\n<td>1.15<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.75<\/td>\n<td>1.07<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>2.67<\/td>\n<td>1.08<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>2.57<\/td>\n<td>1.10<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.84<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.08<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 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\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 (\u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 2.57)\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Yusoff et al., 2025) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Ak\u00e7il &amp; Yaman, 2026) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (N = 286)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>3.222.53<\/td>\n<td>1.101.02<\/td>\n<td>4.432<\/td>\n<td>284<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>3.122.66<\/td>\n<td>1.091.06<\/td>\n<td>4.862<\/td>\n<td>284<\/td>\n<td>0.005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>3.082.45<\/td>\n<td>1.131.05<\/td>\n<td>3.929<\/td>\n<td>284<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>3.462.73<\/td>\n<td>1.191.10<\/td>\n<td>4.344<\/td>\n<td>284<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>3.583.26<\/td>\n<td>1.070.98<\/td>\n<td>2.151<\/td>\n<td>284<\/td>\n<td>0.032<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0629 (0.05). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (2022) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (N = 286)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (SS)<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (df)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (MS)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>8.451317.323325.774<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>2.1131.129-<\/td>\n<td>1.871<\/td>\n<td>0.116<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>15.621317.254332.875<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>3.9051.129-<\/td>\n<td>3.459<\/td>\n<td>0.009<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>6.145336.924343.069<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>1.5361.199-<\/td>\n<td>1.281<\/td>\n<td>0.277<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>7.594371.405378.999<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>1.8981.322-<\/td>\n<td>1.436<\/td>\n<td>0.222<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.336286.101289.437<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>0.8341.018-<\/td>\n<td>0.819<\/td>\n<td>0.514<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>6.993248.101255.094<\/td>\n<td>4281285<\/td>\n<td>1.7480.883-<\/td>\n<td>1.980<\/td>\n<td>0.098<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (N = 286)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (SS)<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (df)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (MS)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>5.799319.975325.774<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>2.9001.131-<\/td>\n<td>2.565<\/td>\n<td>0.079<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2.393330.482332.875<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>1.1961.168-<\/td>\n<td>1.024<\/td>\n<td>0.360<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2.037341.032343.069<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>1.0191.205-<\/td>\n<td>0.845<\/td>\n<td>0.431<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2.107376.891378.999<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>1.0541.332-<\/td>\n<td>0.791<\/td>\n<td>0.454<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>5.426284.012289.437<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>2.7131.004-<\/td>\n<td>2.703<\/td>\n<td>0.069<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>3.077252.017255.094<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>1.5390.891-<\/td>\n<td>1.728<\/td>\n<td>0.180<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629) \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (2022) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Varas et al., 2023) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (N = 286)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (SS)<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (df)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (MS)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>1.880323.894325.774<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>0.9401.145-<\/td>\n<td>0.821<\/td>\n<td>0.441<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>3.521329.354332.875<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>1.7611.164-<\/td>\n<td>1.513<\/td>\n<td>0.222<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>1.159341.911343.069<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>0.5791.208-<\/td>\n<td>0.479<\/td>\n<td>0.620<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>1.260377.739378.999<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>0.6301.335-<\/td>\n<td>0.472<\/td>\n<td>0.624<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>0.534288.903289.437<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>0.2671.021-<\/td>\n<td>0.261<\/td>\n<td>0.770<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>1.213253.881255.094<\/td>\n<td>2283285<\/td>\n<td>0.6070.897-<\/td>\n<td>0.676<\/td>\n<td>0.509<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05 \u2264\u03b1 ) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0629 (0.05)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2022). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 6(65)\u060c 246-260. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52133\/ijrsp.v6.65.10\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52133\/ijrsp.v6.65.10<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Omraiti, Iman Ibrahim. (2022). Twenty-first century teacher skills in light of global changes. International Journal of Research and Studies Publishing, 6(65), 246\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52133\/ijrsp.v6.65.10<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629. (2022). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 3(2)\u060c 589-607. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3232\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3232<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Suhaimat, Muhannad Odeh. (2022). The extent to which social and national science teachers at the basic stage practice twenty-first century skills from their perspective in Jordan. Humanities and Natural Sciences Journal, 3(2), 589\u2013607. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3232\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj3232<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ak\u00e7il, U., &amp; Yaman, F. E. (2026). Evaluating teachers&#8217; 21st-century skills to support sustainable and quality education: Scale development and implications for teacher development. <em>Sustainability, 18<\/em>(3), 1246. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su18031246\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su18031246<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almazroa, H., &amp; Alotaibi, W. (2023). Teaching 21st century skills: Understanding the depth and width of the challenges to shape proactive teacher education programmes. <em>Sustainability, 15<\/em>(9), 7365. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15097365\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15097365<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brown, T., &amp; Smith, R. (2017). <em>Teachers in regional education: Challenges and opportunities<\/em>. Sage.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ganal, N. N., Guiab, M. R., &amp; Sario, M. L. P. (2019). Assessing the training needs of teachers on the 21st century pedagogical skills and personal development. <em>The Normal Lights, 13<\/em>(2), 177\u2013200. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56278\/tnl.v13i2.1391\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.56278\/tnl.v13i2.1391<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, A. (2022). <em>Twenty-First-Century Teacher Competencies and Trends in Teacher Training<\/em>. Springer. Retrieved from: <br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iicba.unesco.org\/en\/africa-education-knowledge-platform\/twenty-first-century-teacher-competencies-and-trends-teacher-training?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twenty-First-Century Teacher Competencies and Trends in Teacher Training<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Herlinawati, H., Marwa, M., &amp; Ismail, N. (2024). The integration of 21st century skills in the curriculum of education. <em>Heliyon, 10<\/em>(15), 35148. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35148\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35148<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kioko, S. W., Ouko Ongonga, H., &amp; Mwaniki, S. (2025). Teachers&#8217; integration of 21st century skills and lower primary learners&#8217; acquisition of collaborative skills in Thika, Kenya. <em>Journal of Early Childhood Development and Education, 2<\/em>(3), 97\u2013104. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58723\/junior.v2i3.496\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58723\/junior.v2i3.496<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Martinez, C. (2022). Developing 21st century teaching skills: A case study of teaching and learning through project-based curriculum. <em>Cogent Education, 9<\/em>(1), Article 2024936. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2021.2024936\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2331186X.2021.2024936<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">OECD. (2020). <em>The future of education and skills 2030<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/2030-project\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/2030-project<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osiesi, M. P., &amp; Blignaut, S. E. (2025). Impact of the teacher education curriculum on the development of 21st-century skills: Pre-service teachers&#8217; perceptions. <em>Social Sciences &amp; Humanities Open, 11<\/em>, 101317. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssaho.2025.101317\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssaho.2025.101317<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smith, J., &amp; Brown, L. (2021). <em>Educational needs assessment: Theory and practice<\/em>. Pearson.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trilling, B., &amp; Fadel, C. (2009). <em>21st century skills: Learning for life in our times<\/em>. John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2012). International Standard Classification of Education: ISCED 2011. UNESCO<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.uis.unesco.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO. (2018). <em>UNESCO ICT competency framework for teachers<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000265721\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000265721<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO. (2023a). Global education monitoring report 2023: Technology in education\u2014A tool on whose terms? UNESCO. <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\">https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO. (2023b). <em>UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers (ICT CFT), Version 3<\/em>. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved from: <br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/digital-competencies-skills\/ict-cft?hub=752&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UNESCO ICT Competency Framework for Teachers<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Varas, D., Santana, M., Nussbaum, M., Claro, S., &amp; Imbarack, P. (2023). Teachers&#8217; strategies and challenges in teaching 21st century skills: Little common understanding. <em>Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48<\/em>, 101289. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2023.101289\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tsc.2023.101289<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yusoff, S., Setambah, M, &amp; Rakami, N. M. H. N. (2025). Needs analysis for the development of 21st century knowledge and skills framework through differentiated pedagogy in mathematics. <em>International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 15<\/em>(2), 92\u2013104. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46886\/IJARBSS\/v15-i2\/15150\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46886\/IJARBSS\/v15-i2\/15150<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17505","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17505"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17505\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17551,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17505\/revisions\/17551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}