{"id":17494,"date":"2026-08-01T02:04:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T02:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-8-4\/"},"modified":"2026-08-01T12:46:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-01T12:46:18","slug":"7-8-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-8-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 4"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: wassanalani126@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wasan Muhannad Mohsen\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> wassanalani126@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/4' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj78\/4<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/4' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/78\/4<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 44 - 74<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-07-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-08-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue8\/7-8-4.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M.. (2026). Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(8). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Mohsen Wasan Muhannad. 2026. \\&quot;Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 8. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Mohsen W. M.. 2026. Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-08-01. [Cited 2026-08-01]. 7(8). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-8-4\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Mohsen W. M.. Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-08-01; 7(8). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Mohsen W. M., \\&quot;Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Mohsen Wasan Muhannad. \\&quot;Drugs from the Perspective of Islamic Doctrine: A Jurisprudential, Social, and Economic Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 8, 2026-08-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj78\\\/4&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to define drugs from both linguistic and Islamic jurisprudential perspectives and to clarify the position of Islamic Sharia on their use, production, and trafficking. It also examined their health, psychological, social, and economic effects on individuals and society, with particular attention to the Iraqi context. The study employed descriptive, analytical, and inductive approaches by reviewing relevant Sharia evidence, juristic opinions, and previous studies. It further explained the analogical classification of drugs alongside intoxicants, as both impair the mind and cause harm to human beings. The findings revealed that the use, production, promotion, and trafficking of drugs are prohibited under Islamic Sharia because they violate its fundamental objectives, particularly the preservation of life, intellect, and property. The results also demonstrated that drug abuse stems from an interplay of personal, psychological, familial, social, and economic factors. Its consequences extend beyond individuals to their families and communities, contributing to the deterioration of physical and mental health, impaired thinking and decision-making, social isolation, family disintegration, and increased rates of crime, unemployment, and traffic accidents. Drug abuse also reduces productivity and imposes substantial financial burdens associated with treatment, rehabilitation, and law enforcement. The study concluded that an integrated strategy combining prevention, treatment, and legal deterrence is necessary. Such a strategy should include updating relevant legislation, expanding educational and media awareness programs, strengthening the role of families and religious and educational institutions, and establishing specialized centers for treatment, rehabilitation, and the social reintegration of recovering individuals.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Drugs, Islamic Sharia, Juristic Analogy, Addiction, Social Effects, Economic Effects.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">((\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627* \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b)) (1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 ((\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b)) (2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 &#8211; \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647- \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 , \u0648\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 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justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650\ufd3e (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 195)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\ufd3e (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 29). 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\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c 2013\u061b \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 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justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c 2013\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2003\u061b \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\ufd3e (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 29).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0643. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 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justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0647 (\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995\u060c \u062c34\u060c \u0635204\u2013205\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 2002\u060c \u063579\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c 2009).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c 2005\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 1993).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufd3f\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e 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\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645: \u00ab\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c 2010\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 2003\u060c \u0635865).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufd3f\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u062b\u064e\ufd3e (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 157).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0626\u062b\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufd3f\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650\ufd3e (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 195).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 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2002\u060c \u063579).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064f\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995\u060c \u062c34\u060c \u0635204\u2013205\u061b \u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c 2007\u061b \u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c 2008).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0634<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u00ab\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645&#8230; \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0631\u00bb (\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635187).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995\u060c \u062c34\u060c \u0635204\u2013205\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1963).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631 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\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 440 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2018\u0645 (\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u00bb\u060c \u062f.\u062a.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c 2010\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 2003\u060c \u0635865).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c 2013\u061b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c 2005\u061b \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0651\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong> \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c 2013\u061b \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u060c \u00ab\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u062f.\u062a.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c 2005\u061b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c 2007\u061b \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 (\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c 1992\u061b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2016\u061b \u062d\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c 2012\u061b \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 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justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> The Holy Qur\u2019an.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u06373. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640\/1994\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Manzur, Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Mukarram. Lisan al-\u2018Arab [The Tongue of the Arabs]. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1414 AH\/1994.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646. 40 \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 1965\u20132001\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Zabidi, Muhammad Murtada al-Husayni. Taj al-\u2018Arus min Jawahir al-Qamus [The Bride\u2019s Crown from the Jewels of the Dictionary]. Edited by a group of scholars. 40 vols. Kuwait: Ministry of Guidance and Information and National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, 1965\u20132001.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c 1997\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Maalouf, Louis. Al-Munjid al-Abjadi [The Alphabetical Munjid Dictionary]. Beirut: Dar al-Mashriq, 1997.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Abu Dawud, Sulayman ibn al-Ash\u2018ath al-Sijistani. Sunan Abi Dawud [The Hadith Collection of Abu Dawud]. Edited by Muhammad Muhyi al-Din \u2018Abd al-Hamid. Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-\u2018Asriyyah, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644. \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1421\u0647\u0640\/2001\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Musnad al-Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal [The Hadith Collection of Imam Ahmad]. Edited by Shu\u2018ayb al-Arna\u2019ut et al.; supervised by \u2018Abdullah al-Turki. 1st ed. Beirut: Al-Risalah Foundation, 1421 AH\/2001.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 (\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a). \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c 1422\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma\u2018il. Al-Jami\u2018 al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar (Sahih al-Bukhari). Prepared by Muhammad Zuhayr al-Nasir. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar Tawq al-Najah, 1422 AH.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634\u0644\u064a. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1418\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Baydawi, \u2018Abdullah ibn \u2018Umar. Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta\u2019wil [The Lights of Revelation and the Secrets of Interpretation]. Edited by Muhammad \u2018Abd al-Rahman al-Mar\u2018ashli. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-\u2018Arabi, 1418 AH.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627. \u06373. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1424\u0647\u0640\/2003\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Bayhaqi, Ahmad ibn al-Husayn. Al-Sunan al-Kubra [The Major Collection of Hadith]. Edited by Muhammad \u2018Abd al-Qadir \u2018Ata. 3rd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1424 AH\/2003.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640\/1990\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Muhammad ibn \u2018Abdullah. Al-Mustadrak \u2018ala al-Sahihayn [Supplement to the Two Sahih Collections]. Edited by Mustafa \u2018Abd al-Qadir \u2018Ata. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1411 AH\/1990.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646. \u06371. \u062d\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1351\u0647\u0640\/1932\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Khattabi, Hamd ibn Muhammad. Ma\u2018alim al-Sunan [Landmarks of the Prophetic Traditions]. 1st ed. Aleppo: Al-Matba\u2018ah al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1351 AH\/1932.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1423\u0647\u0640\/2002\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Khuli, Jum\u2018ah \u2018Ali. Sabil al-Da\u2018wah al-Islamiyyah lil-Wiqayah min al-Muskarat wa al-Mukhaddarat [Islamic Preaching as a Means of Preventing Intoxicants and Drugs]. 1st ed. Medina: Islamic University, 1423 AH\/2002.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645. \u06372. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 1403\u0647\u0640\/1983\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Shafi\u2018i, Muhammad ibn Idris. Al-Umm [The Mother Book]. 2nd ed. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1403 AH\/1983.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628. \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1415\u0647\u0640\/1994\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Shirbini, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khatib. Mughni al-Muhtaj ila Ma\u2018rifat Ma\u2018ani Alfaz al-Minhaj [A Guide for the Needy to the Meanings of the Words of al-Minhaj]. Edited by \u2018Ali Muhammad Mu\u2018awwad and \u2018Adil Ahmad \u2018Abd al-Mawjud. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1415 AH\/1994.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1420\u0647\u0640\/2000\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-\u2018Ayni, Mahmud ibn Ahmad Badr al-Din. Al-Binayah Sharh al-Hidayah [The Construction: A Commentary on al-Hidayah]. Edited by Ayman Salih Sha\u2018ban. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1420 AH\/2000.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Qarafi, Ahmad ibn Idris. Anwar al-Buruq fi Anwa\u2019 al-Furuq [Lights of Lightning on Juristic Distinctions], together with Muhammad \u2018Ali al-Makki\u2019s Tahdhib al-Furuq. Beirut: \u2018Alam al-Kutub, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1384\u0647\u0640\/1964\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Al-Jami\u2018 li-Ahkam al-Qur\u2019an [The Compendium of Qur\u2019anic Rulings]. Edited by Ahmad al-Barduni and Ibrahim Atfayyish. 2nd ed. Cairo: Egyptian Book House, 1384 AH\/1964.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 1416\u0647\u0640\/1995\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmad ibn \u2018Abd al-Halim. Majmu\u2018 al-Fatawa [Collected Legal Opinions]. Compiled and edited by \u2018Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Qasim and Muhammad ibn \u2018Abd al-Rahman ibn Qasim. Medina: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur\u2019an, 1416 AH\/1995.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c 1379\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Hajar al-\u2018Asqalani, Ahmad ibn \u2018Ali. Fath al-Bari: Commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari. Numbered by Muhammad Fu\u2019ad \u2018Abd al-Baqi; edited by Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib, with annotations by \u2018Abd al-\u2018Aziz ibn Baz. Beirut: Dar al-Ma\u2018rifah, 1379 AH.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 1407\u0647\u0640\/1987\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Al-Zawajir \u2018an Iqtiraf al-Kaba\u2019ir [Deterrents against Committing Major Sins]. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1407 AH\/1987.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1984\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn \u2018Ashur, Muhammad al-Tahir. Al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir [Liberation and Enlightenment]. Tunis: Tunisian Publishing House, 1984.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 1400\u0647\u0640\/1980\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn \u2018Abd al-Barr, Yusuf ibn \u2018Abdullah. Al-Kafi fi Fiqh Ahl al-Madinah [The Sufficient Book on the Jurisprudence of Medina]. Edited by Muhammad Ahid Wald Madik al-Muritani. 2nd ed. Riyadh: Modern Riyadh Library, 1400 AH\/1980.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640\/1994\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Qudamah, Muwaffaq al-Din \u2018Abdullah ibn Ahmad. Al-Kafi fi Fiqh al-Imam Ahmad [The Sufficient Book on the Jurisprudence of Imam Ahmad]. 1st ed. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-\u2018Ilmiyyah, 1414 AH\/1994.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Qutaybah, \u2018Abdullah ibn Muslim. Al-Ashribah wa Dhikr Ikhtilaf al-Nas Fiha [Drinks and the Juristic Disagreements Concerning Them]. Edited by Husam al-Bahnasawi; introduction by Ramadan \u2018Abd al-Tawwab. Cairo: Zahra al-Sharq Library, 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u060c 1430\u0647\u0640\/2009\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Hubayrah, \u2018Awn al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Yahya ibn Muhammad. Ijma\u2018 al-A\u2019immah al-Arba\u2018ah wa Ikhtilafuhum [The Consensus and Disagreements of the Four Imams]. Edited by Muhammad Husayn al-Azhari. 2nd ed. Cairo: Dar al-\u2018Ula, 1430 AH\/2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1313\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Zayla\u2018i, \u2018Uthman ibn \u2018Ali. Tabyin al-Haqa\u2019iq: Commentary on Kanz al-Daqa\u2019iq, with al-Shalabi\u2019s Marginal Notes. 1st ed. Cairo: Al-Matba\u2018ah al-Kubra al-Amiriyyah, 1313 AH.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1406\u0647\u0640\/1985\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Malik ibn Anas. Al-Muwatta\u2019 [The Approved Hadith Collection]. Edited by Muhammad Fu\u2019ad \u2018Abd al-Baqi. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-\u2018Arabi, 1406 AH\/1985.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa (\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645). \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri. Al-Musnad al-Sahih al-Mukhtasar (Sahih Muslim). Edited by Muhammad Fu\u2019ad \u2018Abd al-Baqi. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-\u2018Arabi, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibn Majah, Muhammad ibn Yazid al-Qazwini. Sunan Ibn Majah [The Hadith Collection of Ibn Majah]. Edited by Muhammad Fu\u2019ad \u2018Abd al-Baqi. Cairo: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Kutub al-\u2018Arabiyyah, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c 1424\u0647\u0640.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> A Group of Scholars. Al-Fiqh al-Muyassar fi Daw\u2019 al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah [Facilitated Jurisprudence in Light of the Qur\u2019an and Sunnah]. 1st ed. Medina: King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Qur\u2019an, 1424 AH.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Ibrahim, Akram Nash\u2019at. \u2018Ilm al-Nafs al-Jina\u2019i [Criminal Psychology]. Amman: Dar al-Thaqafah for Publishing and Distribution, 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0633\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641. \u06371. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Sa\u2018id, Aso Salih, and Samir \u2018Abd al-Jabbar. Al-Mukhaddarat: al-Mawt al-Zahif [Drugs: The Creeping Death]. 1st ed. Baghdad: Directorate of Studies, Planning and Follow-up, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Press, 2005.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u06371. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c 1408\u0647\u0640\/1988\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Bar, Muhammad \u2018Ali. Al-Mukhaddarat: al-Khatar al-Dahim; al-Afyun wa Mushtaqqatuh [Drugs: The Imminent Danger\u2014Opium and Its Derivatives]. 1st ed. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam, 1408 AH\/1988.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u06372. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c 1990\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Habib, Muhammad Shalal. Usul \u2018Ilm al-Ijram [Foundations of Criminology]. 2nd ed. Baghdad: Dar al-Hikmah, 1990.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/63055?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c5\u060c \u06392\u060c 2012\u0645\u060c \u063518\u201331.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Huwaiti, Ahmad. \u201cAl-Asbab wa al-Athar al-Ijtima\u2018iyyah lil-Mukhaddarat [The Causes and Social Effects of Drugs].\u201d Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012, pp. 18\u201331.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/muthuruk.mu.edu.iq\/journal\/vol11\/iss1\/14\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c11\u060c \u06391\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 14\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2018\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Darwish, Majid Majhul. \u201cAl-Tanzim al-Qanuni li-Dawr al-Idarah fi Mukafahat al-Mukhaddarat [Legal Regulation of the Administration\u2019s Role in Combating Drugs].\u201d Uruk Journal of Humanities, vol. 11, no. 1, Article 14, July 2018.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Rabah, Ghassan. Al-Wajiz fi Qadaya al-Mukhaddarat wa al-Mu\u2019aththirat al-\u2018Aqliyyah [A Concise Study of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: Addiction and Illicit Trafficking]. 1st ed. Beirut: Al-Halabi Legal Publications, 2008.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2003\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Rabi\u2018, Muhammad Shihatah, Jum\u2018ah Sayyid Yusuf, and Mu\u2018tazz Sayyid \u2018Abdullah. \u2018Ilm al-Nafs al-Jina\u2019i [Criminal Psychology]. Cairo: Dar Gharib for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2003.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c 1992\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> \u2018Abd al-Latif, Rashad Ahmad. Al-Athar al-Ijtima\u2018iyyah li-Ta\u2018ati al-Mukhaddarat: Taqdir al-Mushkilah wa Subul al-\u2018Ilaj wa al-Wiqayah [The Social Effects of Drug Abuse: Assessing the Problem and Methods of Treatment and Prevention]. Riyadh: Arab Center for Security Studies and Training, 1992.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c 1989\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Abbas, Muhammad. Al-Mukhaddarat wa al-Idman: al-Muwajahah wa al-Tahaddi [Drugs and Addiction: Confrontation and Challenge]. 1st ed. Cairo: Akhbar al-Youm Publishing House, 1989.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u062c2. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2005\u20132006\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-\u2018Arabi, Ramzi. \u2018Ilm al-Nafs [Psychology]. Vol. 2. Beirut: Dar al-Rafiq for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 2005\u20132006.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 3. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632\u060c 1997\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Sa\u2018d, Salih. Al-Mukhaddarat: Adraruha wa Asbab Intishariha [Drugs: Their Harms and Causes of Their Spread]. Drugs Series, no. 3. Amman: Al-Arz Press, 1997.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. \u00ab\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c 1996\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Suwayf, Mustafa. \u201cAfaq Jadidah fi Muwajahat al-Idman [New Horizons in Confronting Addiction].\u201d Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference. Cairo: National Center for Social and Criminological Research, 1996.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0646. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahewar.org\/debat\/show.art.asp?aid=300546&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u06393678\u060c 25 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2012\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Shakir Majid, Sawsan. \u201cAl-Mukhaddarat wa Atharuha al-Nafsiyyah wa al-Ijtima\u2018iyyah \u2018ala al-Shabab [Drugs and Their Psychological and Social Effects on Youth].\u201d Modern Discussion, no. 3678, 25 March 2012.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0639\u064a. \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Sa\u2018b, Muhammad Maz\u2018i. Jara\u2019im al-Mukhaddarat [Drug-Related Crimes]. Beirut: Zain Legal Publications, 2007.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0627\u062a. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Safwat Mukhtar, Wafiq. Mushkilat Ta\u2018ati al-Mawad al-Nafsiyyah al-Mukhaddirah [The Problem of Psychoactive Drug Abuse: Opium, Morphine, Heroin, Hypnotics and Tranquilizers]. 1st ed. Cairo: Dar al-\u2018Ilm wa al-Thaqafah, 2005.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Qamaz, Farida. \u2018Awamil al-Khatar wa al-Wiqayah min Ta\u2018ati al-Shabab lil-Mukhaddarat [Risk Factors and Prevention of Drug Abuse among Youth]. Ph.D. dissertation in Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Speech Therapy, Mentouri University of Constantine, Algeria, 2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f. \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0634: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1963\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Maghribi, Sa\u2018d. Zahirat Ta\u2018ati al-Hashish: Dirasah Nafsiyyah Ijtima\u2018iyyah [Hashish Use: A Psychosocial Study]. Cairo: Dar al-Ma\u2018arif, 1963.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2007\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Mashaqbeh, Muhammad Ahmad Khaddam. Al-Idman \u2018ala al-Mukhaddarat: al-Irshad wa al-\u2018Ilaj al-Nafsi [Drug Addiction: Psychological Counseling and Treatment]. 1st ed. Amman: Dar al-Shuruq, 2007.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2013\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Al-Muhannadi, Khalid Hamad. Al-Mukhaddarat wa Atharuha al-Nafsiyyah wa al-Ijtima\u2018iyyah wa al-Iqtisadiyyah fi Duwal Majlis al-Ta\u2018awun [Drugs and Their Psychological, Social and Economic Effects in the Gulf Cooperation Council States]. Doha: Studies and Research Unit, Criminal Information Center for Combating Drugs, Gulf Cooperation Council, 2013.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c6. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> \u2018Umar, Nawal Muhammad. Al-I\u2018lam wa al-Mukhaddarat [Media and Drugs]. Adabiyyat Series, vol. 6. Cairo: Modern Arab Foundation, 1995.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f. \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Abu \u2018Ali, Wafqi Hamid. Zahirat Ta\u2018ati al-Mukhaddarat: al-Asbab, al-Athar wa al-\u2018Ilaj [The Phenomenon of Drug Abuse: Causes, Effects and Treatment]. Kuwait: Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs, Cultural Affairs Sector, 2003.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.gov.iq\/upload\/pdf\/4446.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com&quot; \\t &quot;_new\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (50) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2017<\/a><\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06394446\u060c 8 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2017\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Republic of Iraq. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law No. 50 of 2017. Iraqi Gazette, no. 4446, 8 May 2017.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dar-alifta.org\/ar\/fatwa\/details\/16009\/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633<\/a>\u00bb. \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 5357\u060c 7 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Egyptian Dar al-Ifta. \u201cHukm Ta\u2018ati al-Strox [The Islamic Ruling on Using Strox].\u201d Fatwa no. 5357, 7 December 2020.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.incb.org\/documents\/Publications\/AnnualReports\/Thematic_chapters\/Arabic\/AR_2013_A_Chapter_I.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00bb. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2013\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> International Narcotics Control Board. \u201cThe Economic Consequences of Drug Abuse.\u201d Chapter I of the Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2013. United Nations, 2013.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moi.gov.kw\/smd\/Drugs.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00bb. \u062f.\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 27 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> Kuwait Ministry of Interior, General Department for Drug Control. \u201cDefinition of Drugs.\u201d n.d. Accessed 27 July 2026.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.webteb.com\/articles\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA_15565?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/a>\u00bb. 22 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015\u0645. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 27 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>English translation:<\/strong> WebTeb. \u201cTypes of Drugs and Their Effects: Complete Information.\u201d 22 July 2015. Accessed 27 July 2026.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u00ab<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugs.ie\/ar\/drugs_info\/arabic_types_of_drugs\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u00bb. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Drugs.ie\u060c \u062f.\u062a. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 27 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2026\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: ((\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b* \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627* \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b)) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17494","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17494"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17533,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17494\/revisions\/17533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}