{"id":17404,"date":"2026-07-05T19:43:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T19:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-7-40\/"},"modified":"2026-07-05T19:54:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T19:54:27","slug":"7-7-40","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-7-40\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 40"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: yassermohammed@imamaladham.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Yasser Mohammed Abdullah<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Assistant Professor, Islamic Thought, Imam Al-Adham University College, Nineveh, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> yassermohammed@imamaladham.edu.iq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/40' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/40<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/40' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/40<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 709 - 729<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue7\/7-7-40.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M. (2026). The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Yasser Mohammed. 2026. \\&quot;The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Y. M. 2026. The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-07-01. [Cited 2026-07-06]. 7(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-40\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Y. M. The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-07-01; 7(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Y. M, \\&quot;The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Abdullah Yasser Mohammed. \\&quot;The Role of Moral Philosophy in Constructing Collective Consciousness: From Individual Values to Social Responsibility.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/40&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the role of moral philosophy in constructing collective consciousness by tracing the transition of values from the level of individual conscience to the level of social responsibility in the public sphere. The study is based on the premise that moral philosophy is not merely an abstract normative discourse, but rather a critical and constructive framework capable of guiding human behavior, regulating the relationship between freedom and duty, and linking individual virtue to social and institutional practice. The study adopts an analytical, critical, and synthetic methodology by defining the key concepts, examining the religious and philosophical foundations of ethics, comparing selected Islamic and Western ethical perspectives, and analyzing the mechanisms that contribute to transforming individual values into an effective collective consciousness, such as moral education, public dialogue, role models, law, institutions, and cultural symbols. The study concludes that constructing collective consciousness cannot be achieved merely by declaring values or repeating moral exhortations; rather, it requires an integrated ethical and institutional system that makes virtue practicable in daily life and connects moral discourse with public conduct. It further concludes that social responsibility represents the practical outcome of moral philosophy when it moves from individual conscience to the structure of the community through just institutions, critical dialogue, and continuous value-based education. The study proposes a synthetic model for building social responsibility based on five interconnected circles: self-awareness, value-based education, public dialogue, just institutions, and continuous evaluation.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> moral philosophy; collective consciousness; individual values; social responsibility; public sphere; value-based education.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 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\u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b :\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647<sup> (<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 :\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u064a\u0644\u0629<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b :\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 .<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b : \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u062e\u0630\u0629 .<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u061f \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-12\">[12]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 (\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639)<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-13\">[13]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-14\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a>) <\/sup>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d &#8221; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650<\/strong>&#8220;<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-17404-footnote-ref-40\" href=\"#post-17404-footnote-40\">[40]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 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href=\"#post-17404-footnote-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c\u061b \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a :\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Holy Qur\u2019an.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad. The Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun. Edited by Abdullah Muhammad al-Darwish. Damascus: Dar Ya\u2018rub, 1st ed., 2004.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06372\u060c 1999\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Kathir, Isma\u2018il ibn Umar. The Exegesis of the Great Qur\u2019an. Edited by Sami ibn Muhammad al-Salamah. Riyadh: Dar Taybah for Publishing and Distribution, 2nd ed., 1999.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Manzur, Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Makram. Lisan al-Arab. Edited by Abdullah Ali al-Kabir et al. Cairo: Dar al-Ma\u2018arif, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Kafawi, Ayyub ibn Musa al-Husayni. Al-Kulliyyat: A Dictionary of Terms and Linguistic Distinctions. Edited by Adnan Darwish and Muhammad al-Masri. Beirut: Al-Resalah Foundation, 2nd ed., 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c 2012\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmad Amin. The Philosophy of Ethics. Cairo: Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture, 2012.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c 1979\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by Ishaq ibn Hunayn. Edited by Abd al-Rahman Badawi. Kuwait: Publications Agency, 1979.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2008\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aristotle. Politics. Translated by Ahmad Lutfi al-Sayyid. Cairo: Egyptian General Book Authority, 2008.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2011\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cassirer, Ernst. Symbolic Forms. Translated by Saeed al-Ghanimi. Beirut: Arab Organization for Translation, 2011.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062b. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durkheim, \u00c9mile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Translated by Randa Baath. Beirut: Arab Organization for Translation, 2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2011\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durkheim, \u00c9mile. The Division of Labor in Society. Translated by Hafez al-Jamali. Damascus: Syrian General Book Organization, 2011.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645. \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1988\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Durkheim, \u00c9mile. The Rules of Sociological Method. Translated by Mahmoud Qasim. Cairo: Dar al-Ma\u2018rifah al-Jami\u2018iyyah, 1988.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c 2010\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kant, Immanuel. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated by Abd al-Ghaffar Makkawi. Cairo: Dar al-Tanwir, 2nd ed., 2010.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u063a\u062f\u0646\u0632. \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Giddens, Anthony. Sociology. Translated by Fayez al-Sayyagh. Beirut: Arab Organization for Translation, 4th ed., 2005.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628: \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06372\u060c 2001\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lalande, Andr\u00e9. Lalande\u2019s Philosophical Encyclopedia. Arabized by Khalil Ahmad Khalil. Beirut: Oueidat Publications, 2nd ed., 2001.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mawardi, Ali ibn Muhammad. The Ethics of Religion and Worldly Life. Beirut: Dar Maktabat al-Hayat, 1986.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghazali, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. The Revival of the Religious Sciences. Beirut: Dar al-Ma\u2018rifah, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Ghazali, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. The Criterion of Action. Edited by Sulayman Dunya. Cairo: Dar al-Ma\u2018arif, 2nd ed., 1964.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u06371\u060c 1983\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Farabi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad. The Attainment of Happiness. Edited by Ja\u2018far Al Yasin. Beirut: Dar al-Andalus, 1st ed., 1983.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0647. \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Miskawayh, Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Refinement of Character and Purification of Dispositions. Edited by Ibn al-Khatib. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqafah al-Diniyyah, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ricoeur, Paul. Oneself as Another. Translated by George Zenati. Beirut: Arab Organization for Translation, 2005.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06373\u060c 2007\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bourdieu, Pierre. Symbol and Power. Translated by Abdessalam Benabdelali. Casablanca: Dar Toubkal, 3rd ed., 2007.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Baudrillard, Jean. The Consumer Society. Translated by Munzir Ayyashi. Damascus: Dar al-Hiwar, 1995.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1964\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dewey, John. Democracy and Education. Translated by Matta Akrawi and Zakaria Mikhail. Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Bookshop, 1964.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0632. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2011\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Translated by Layla al-Taweel. Damascus: Syrian General Book Organization, 2011.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Translated by Imam Abd al-Fattah Imam. Cairo: Madbouly, 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saliba, Jamil. The Philosophical Dictionary. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Lubnani, 1982.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063715\u060c 2002\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. Al-A\u2018lam: A Biographical Dictionary of Famous Arab, Arabized, and Orientalist Figures. Beirut: Dar al-Ilm lil-Malayin, 15th ed., 2002.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2016\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bauman, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Translated by Hajjaj Abu Jabr. Beirut: Arab Network for Research and Publishing, 2016.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c 1985\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad. Biographies of the Noble Figures. Edited by Shu\u2018ayb al-Arna\u2019ut. Beirut: Al-Resalah Foundation, 3rd ed., 1985.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06376\u060c 1992\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Alwani, Taha Jabir. The Ethics of Disagreement in Islam. Virginia: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 6th ed., 1992.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2000\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taha Abderrahmane. The Question of Ethics: A Contribution to the Ethical Critique of Western Modernity. Casablanca: Arab Cultural Center, 1st ed., 2000.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06375\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Laroui, Abdallah. Contemporary Arab Ideology. Casablanca: Arab Cultural Center, 5th ed., 1995.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06374\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghalioun, Burhan. The Assassination of Reason. Beirut: Arab Cultural Center, 4th ed., 2006.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Frankl, Viktor. Man\u2019s Search for Meaning. Translated by Talaat Mansour. Kuwait: Dar al-Qalam, 1982.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1422\u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma\u2018il. Sahih al-Bukhari. Edited by Muhammad Zuhayr ibn Nasir al-Nasir. Beirut: Dar Tawq al-Najah, 1st ed., 1422 AH.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. Jami\u2018 al-Bayan on the Interpretation of the Verses of the Qur\u2019an. Edited by Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. Cairo: Dar al-Ma\u2018arif, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. The Compendium of Qur\u2019anic Rulings. Edited by Ahmad al-Barduni and Ibrahim Atfeesh. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyyah, 2nd ed., 1964.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jawhari, Muhammad. Dictionary of Sociologists. Cairo: Dar al-Masirah, 2008.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u062b. \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghaith, Muhammad Atef. Dictionary of Sociology. Alexandria: Dar al-Ma\u2018rifah al-Jami\u2018iyyah, 1995.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hijazi, Mustafa. The Wasted Human Being: A Psycho-Social Analytical Study. Beirut: Arab Cultural Center, 2nd ed., 2006.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Naysaburi. Sahih Muslim. Edited by Muhammad Fu\u2019ad Abd al-Baqi. Beirut: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-Arabi, n.d.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Academy of the Arabic Language. Al-Mu\u2018jam al-Wasit. Cairo: Al-Shorouk International Bookshop, 4th ed., 2004.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u062a\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sandel, Michael. Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Translated by Fadel Jatker. Beirut: Arab Network for Research and Publishing, 2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06371\u060c 2012\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jonas, Hans. The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age. Translated by Abdessalam Benabdelali. Casablanca: Dar Toubkal, 1st ed., 2012.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Nawawi, Yahya ibn Sharaf. Riyad al-Salihin. Edited by Shu\u2018ayb al-Arna\u2019ut. Beirut: Al-Resalah Foundation, 3rd ed., 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2017\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Habermas, J\u00fcrgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Translated by Hassan Saqr. Beirut: Arab Organization for Translation, 2017.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c 2015\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Habermas, J\u00fcrgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. Translated by Fathi al-Meskini. Beirut: Jadawel, 2015.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, al-Husayn ibn Muhammad. Vocabulary of the Qur\u2019anic Terms. Edited by Safwan Adnan Dawudi. Damascus: Dar al-Qalam; Beirut: Al-Dar al-Shamiyyah, 4th ed., 2009.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062c\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1983\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Imam Abd al-Fattah Imam. The Philosophy of Law and Politics in Hegel. Cairo: Dar al-Thaqafah for Publishing and Distribution, 1983.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taylor, Charles. The Ethics of Authenticity. Translated by Fouad Zakaria. Cairo: Dar Quba for Printing, Publishing, and Distribution, 1998.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644. \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marshall, Gordon. A Dictionary of Sociology. Translated by Muhammad al-Jawhari et al. Cairo: Supreme Council of Culture, 2000.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 (\u062a 711\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635 1434. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627 (\u062a 1976\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 154-157. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a 502\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u0635 297. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u062a 1954\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2012\u0645\u060c \u0635 13-22\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 (\u062a 322\u0642.\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635 47-60. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0648\u064a (\u062a 1094\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 243. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0648\u0639\u0649\u00bb\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635 4921. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u0635 87-94. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0635 690-694. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (\u062a 1963\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06372\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 615-617. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u0623\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u0635 411. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635 53-71. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 (384 &#8211; 322 \u0642.\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635123 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u062a 808\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u06371\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 235-251. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2008\u0645\u060c \u0635 66-69. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (874 &#8211; 950\u0645)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635144 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647) (932 &#8211; 1030\u0645)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647\u064a).\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b&#8221; (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635112 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062a 339\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u06371\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0635 61-79. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0637 (1724 &#8211; 1804\u0645) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u061b \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063542 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 (\u062a 1804\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c 2010\u0645\u060c \u0635 87-88. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 (1903 &#8211; 1993\u0645) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a-\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221;\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063598 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633 (\u062a 1993\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06371\u060c 2012\u0645\u060c \u0635 35-58. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u0635 39-52. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645 (1858 &#8211; 1917 \u0645) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u063519 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u0635 61-77. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u063a\u062f\u0646\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06374\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u0635 40-52. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 (1930 \u2013 2002\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0631 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645&#8221;. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a&#8221;\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635154 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995\u0645\u060c \u0635 73-74. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644 (\u062a 1997\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u0635 102-116. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u062a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u0635 31-49. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 38 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062a 256\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 893\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1422\u0647\u0640 \u060c \u062c2\u060c\u06355 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635 30-34. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 (\u062a 774\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 12-15. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 90. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 2. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635 14-16. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 13. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a (\u062a 671\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645\u060c \u062c14\u060c \u0635 252-255. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (\u062a 676\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 87-101. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 10. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649: 261\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 41\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u062c1\u060c\u063565 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 13\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063512. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645 (\u062a 1917\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 2011\u0645\u060c \u063595. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 2586\u060c \u062c4\u060c1999 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-44\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-45\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u060c \u063597. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-45\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-46\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 55\u060c\u062c1\u060c74 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-46\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-47\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0635 111 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2000\u0645.\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635 133-158. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644 (\u062a 1873\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 21-43. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-50\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u063596 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-50\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-51\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063597 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-51\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-52\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635183 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-52\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-53\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 ( 1913 &#8211; 2005\u0645) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c 2008\u0645\u060c \u063553 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-53\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-54\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 (\u062a 2005\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u0635 167-195. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-54\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-55\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a 505\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 53-75. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-55\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-56\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a (1058 &#8211; 1111\u0645)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (\u062a 748\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c 1985\u0645\u060c \u062c19\u060c \u0635 322-346. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-56\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-57\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645\u060c \u0635 61-79. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-57\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-58\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a (1859 &#8211; 1952 \u0645) \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063568 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-58\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-59\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a (\u062a 1952\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1964\u0645\u060c \u0635 23-47. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-59\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-60\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 11. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-60\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-61\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c\u062c3\u060c \u0635 78. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-61\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-62\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c 2015\u0645\u060c \u0635 71-72 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-62\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-63\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a).\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635117 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-63\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-64\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635 102-128. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-64\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-65\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 38. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-65\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-66\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u062a 450\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c 1986\u0645\u060c \u0635 283-295. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-66\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-67\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635 131-153. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-67\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-68\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0635 235-251. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-68\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-69\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a (1332 &#8211; 1406 \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u061b \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c12\u060c \u0635 211. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-69\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-70\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u062a 1976\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063715\u060c 2002\u0645\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 330-331. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-70\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-71\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 (\u062a 2019\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0635 119-146. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-71\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-72\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0631 (\u062a 1945\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2011\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635 43-66. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-72\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-73\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 35-58. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-73\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-74\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u062a 2007\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c 1995\u0645\u060c \u0635 81-103. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-74\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-75\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u062a 2017\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2016\u0645\u060c \u0635 119-143. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-75\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-76\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u0635 191-213. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-76\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-77\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635 219-241\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635 154-170. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-77\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-78\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 36 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-78\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-79\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0635 41-64 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-79\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-80\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0635 89-112. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-80\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-81\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2017\u0645\u060c \u0635 75-103. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-81\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-82\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0635 121-148. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-82\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-83\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635 82. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-83\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-84\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0635 165-188. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-84\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-85\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 18. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-85\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-86\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06375\u060c 1995\u0645\u060c \u0635 91-116. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-86\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-87\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a 2016\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u06376\u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u0635 37-58. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-87\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-88\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 204. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-88\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-89\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0635 190 . <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-89\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-90\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 58. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-90\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17404-footnote-91\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06374\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u0635 119-147. <a href=\"#post-17404-footnote-ref-91\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f: \u0625\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17404","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17407,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17404\/revisions\/17407"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}