{"id":17394,"date":"2026-07-04T16:47:36","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T16:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-7-37\/"},"modified":"2026-07-04T16:48:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T16:48:59","slug":"7-7-37","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-7-37\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 37"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.  \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aitaissa.youssef3@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ismailsassioui@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>3<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: sadikabdennour@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Youssef Ait Aissa\u00b9, Ismail Sassioui\u00b2, Abdelnnor Saddik\u00b3<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>&quot;1. Researcher in Geography, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> aitaissa.youssef3@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> . Researcher in Geography Didactics, Higher School of Education, Rabat, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> ismailsassioui@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>3<\/sup> . Professor of Higher Education at the Higher School of Education, specializing in Geography, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> sadikabdennour@gmail.com&quot;<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 672 - 681<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue7\/7-7-37.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_33350'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Youssef Ait Aissa\u00b9, Ismail Sassioui\u00b2, Abdelnnor Saddik\u00b3&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-37\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-07-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Y., Sassioui I., Saddik A.. (2026). Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Youssef, Sassioui Ismail, Saddik Abdelnnor. 2026. \\&quot;Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Y., Sassioui I., Saddik A.. 2026. Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-07-01. [Cited 2026-07-04]. 7(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Y., Sassioui I., Saddik A.. Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-07-01; 7(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Y., Sassioui I., Saddik A., \\&quot;Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ait Aissa Youssef, Sassioui Ismail, Saddik Abdelnnor. \\&quot;Digital Transformation in the Management of the Educational System: Towards a Modern Educational Governance Model.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a. \u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a. \u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-07-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-07-04]. 7(7). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a. \u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-07-01\u061b 7(7). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a. \u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 7\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 7\u060c 2026-07-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/37&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study seeks to analyze the role of digital transformation in developing the management of the Moroccan educational system and enhancing modern educational governance by examining the potential of digitalization to improve administrative and educational performance, increase data accuracy, rationalize time and resources, and strengthen communication between the educational institution and its surrounding environment. The study is based on a central research problem concerning the extent to which digital transformation can serve as an effective lever for developing educational governance and improving institutional performance, in light of the persistence of several structural, human, and technical obstacles that limit the optimal use of digital systems. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, relying on field data related to the use of the \u201cMASSAR\u201d system as a model of digital transformation in Moroccan educational administration. The findings revealed that digitalization has contributed to a qualitative shift in administrative performance, helping to reduce time wastage and improve direct services. It has also enhanced the accuracy and reliability of data, particularly in managing students\u2019 results and academic pathways. However, the study also revealed the limited use of digital data in educational planning, the continued dominance of paper-based practices in several administrative procedures, weak digital infrastructure, insufficient continuous training, and the widening digital divide between urban and rural areas, especially regarding families\u2019 access to digital services. The study concludes that digital transformation should not be reduced to the mere provision of technical tools; rather, it should be viewed as an integrated organizational and cultural project that requires the development of human resources, the modernization of infrastructure, the adoption of digital reference frameworks in management, and the orientation of digitalization toward supporting pedagogical governance, thereby contributing to the establishment of a smart, effective, and transparent educational administration capable of keeping pace with the requirements of educational reform.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Digital Transformation; Educational Governance; Educational System; Smart Administration; MASSAR System; Educational Planning.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a <strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 2015-2030\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 51.17\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 33 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631&#8230;)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1- \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 (\u062d \u0643 \u0645)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635 \u0635 951 \u2013 953). \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 (\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (UNDP)\u060c 1997).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 1992).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1992.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 2011 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 154 \u0625\u0644\u0649 171). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 2015-2030: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 51.17 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-2-1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Vial, G. 2019, p 118) &#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645(Libert, B., Beck, M., &amp; Wind, Y, 2016, p 42)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-2-2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1-2-2 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2- \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (<strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong> <strong>MASSAR<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-1 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"784\" height=\"319\" class=\"wp-image-17395\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-1.png 784w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-1-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-1-768x312.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-1-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (1\u060c 2 \u06483) \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 78% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u0627 35%. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 42 %)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 4: \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"235\" height=\"262\" class=\"wp-image-17396\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-2.png 235w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-2-11x12.png 11w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0643\u062f 82 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 5: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"448\" class=\"wp-image-17397\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-3.png 720w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-3-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (5) \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (85 %) \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 (15 % \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (<strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong>) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-3 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 6: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 (<strong>Moutamadris<\/strong>):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"865\" height=\"527\" class=\"wp-image-17398\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-4.png 865w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-4-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-4-768x468.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (6) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 (<strong>Moutamadris<\/strong>)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 % \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 22 % \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631: \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 7: \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"428\" class=\"wp-image-17399\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-5.png 670w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-5-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-5-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 55 % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0640\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630. \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-5 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 8: \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"767\" height=\"372\" class=\"wp-image-17400\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-6.png 767w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-6-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/word-image-17394-6-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (8) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631). \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (45%) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/strong> \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8230;) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (1980). \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Manzur, Muhammad ibn Makram ibn Ali, Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din. (1980). Lisan al-Arab, edited by Abdullah Ali Al-Kabeer, Muhammad Ahmad Hasab Allah, and Hashim Muhammad Al-Shadhili. Cairo: Dar Al-Maaref.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ouzi, Ahmed. (2020). Distance Education and Digital Transformation in Education. Casablanca: Publications of the Journal of Educational Sciences, Al-Najah Al-Jadida Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. (1997). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643: \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">United Nations Development Programme. (1997). Governance for Sustainable Human Development: A UNDP Policy Document. New York: United Nations Development Programme.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. (1992). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">World Bank. (1992). Governance and Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. (2015). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d 2015-2030: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research. (2015). Strategic Vision for Reform 2015\u20132030: For a School of Equity, Quality and Promotion. Rabat: Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. (2019). \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research. (2019). Governance of the Education and Training System in Morocco. Rabat: Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. (2019). \u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.19.113 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1440 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 9 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2019 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 51.17 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 6805\u060c 17 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1440 \/ 19 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2019.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kingdom of Morocco. (2019). Dahir No. 1.19.113 Issued on 7 Dhu al-Hijjah 1440, Corresponding to August 9, 2019, Promulgating Framework Law No. 51.17 Relating to the System of Education, Training and Scientific Research. Official Gazette, No. 6805, August 19, 2019.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Libert, B., Beck, M., &amp; Wind, Y, 2016, The Network Imperative: How to Survive and Grow in the Age of Digital Business Models, Harvard Business Review Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">UNESCO (2023). Global Education Monitoring Report: Technology in education: A tool on whose terms?. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vial, G. (2019). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Volume 28, Issue 2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17394","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17394"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17401,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17394\/revisions\/17401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}