{"id":17240,"date":"2026-06-30T09:01:44","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:01:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-7-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-30T09:08:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:08:23","slug":"7-7-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-7-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<sup>1<\/sup> \u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 <sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mm.elmasri@alaqsa.edu.ps<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Mahmoud Mohamed Samir Mahmoud Al-Masri<sup>1<\/sup>, Maha Rabie Khalil Dalloul<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Department of Accounting, Faculty of Administration and Finance, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> mm.elmasri@alaqsa.edu.ps;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Master\u2019s Degree in Accounting and Financial Arbitration, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/2' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj77\/2<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/2' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/77\/2<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (7). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 25 - 43<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-06-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-07-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue7\/7-7-2.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M. S. M., Dalloul M. R. K.. (2026). The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(7). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Masri Mahmoud Mohamed Samir Mahmoud, Dalloul Maha Rabie Khalil. 2026. \\&quot;The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 7. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Masri M. M. S. M., Dalloul M. R. K.. 2026. The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-07-01. [Cited 2026-07-01]. 7(7). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-7-2\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Masri M. M. S. M., Dalloul M. R. K.. The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-07-01; 7(7). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Masri M. M. S. M., Dalloul M. R. K., \\&quot;The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Masri Mahmoud Mohamed Samir Mahmoud, Dalloul Maha Rabie Khalil. \\&quot;The role of using digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and deception in banks&#039; financial reports in the Gaza Strip.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2026-07-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj77\\\/2&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645. \u0645. \u0633. \u0645\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645. \u0631. \u062e. 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\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to explore the role of digital transformation technologies in preventing fraud and financial misconduct and enhancing transparency and reliability in financial reporting in banks operating in the Gaza Strip. The study addresses the growing need for effective digital tools to monitor and analyze financial operations accurately. The research examines the relationship between the independent variable (digital transformation technologies: smart accounting information systems, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology) and the dependent variable (reducing fraud, improving report accuracy and reliability, enhancing transparency and accountability, and increasing stakeholder trust). Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed to 200 bank employees, including accountants and auditors, and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Findings from previous studies indicate that digital transformation significantly improves organizational performance, enhances the quality of financial reports, and facilitates early detection of fraudulent activities, despite challenges related to digital infrastructure, human competencies, and regulatory requirements. The study concludes that adopting digital transformation technologies in banks is an effective strategy to combat financial fraud, with practical recommendations including upgrading digital infrastructure, enhancing employee skills, and implementing smart control systems to ensure financial integrity and sustainable institutional performance.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Digital transformation, fraud and deception, financial reporting.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; (Blockchain) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; (Blockchain) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_dwk2hchwh4h4\"><\/a><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0631\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_wrc49jq9ipzf\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629):<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_tf4ivtoqruqf\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_apfvhlotqv8p\"><\/a><strong> \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d:<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_5b3u6skt5oel\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data Analytics).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (Artificial Intelligence).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; (Blockchain).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_jt2xl2r3c090\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_qkgqwer0nmkv\"><\/a><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_ww4dfccso4ns\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c 2025\u0645): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c 2025\u0645): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Schilir\u00f2, 2024): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 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\u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( Varzaru, &amp; Bosioc, 2024): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (314) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 (CIB, HSBC, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 (\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Mousa, 2021): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (F-Score) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2015-2019)\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a 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\u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Ramos Montesdeoca, 2019): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 2024\u0645): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;. <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (350) \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642&#8221;\u060c <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (FinGuardNet) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 (DL) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (FL) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (99.80%) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (2.5 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Arthur &amp; Others, 2025): \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644&#8221;. <\/strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_q7s2weyhsptr\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><a id=\"post-17240-_7pbm7qdkuc4d\"><\/a>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_wr2d4i5a3ono\"><\/a>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_m8dk20u75lo3\"><\/a><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629&#8221;:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (Vial, 2019): <\/strong>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (Puschmann, 2017<\/strong>): \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_fuzq7bw6pk33\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17240-_r80yems54pby\"><\/a><strong> \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> (\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c2018)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629. <a id=\"post-17240-_pfyckcw49c80\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(Matt &amp; Benlian, 2015)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.(Wang, . et al ,2021)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a. (Al-Ali et al ,2024)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 (Agile) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.(Kogifi.com, 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.(IMD.org ,2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631: \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629. (Van &amp; Vanthienen ,2023)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. (Wiley Online Library, 2021)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: <\/strong>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (Nature of Financial Fraud):-<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 (Button, Johnston, &amp; Frimpong, 2007)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647: \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0651\u062f phishing\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 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\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 (Embezzlement): \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c 2008)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Impersonation Fraud):\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644. (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c 2023)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. (Tomler, 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649)<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_60pxcphfyt2y\"><\/a><strong> \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_gh8gxh95npil\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 (Big Data):<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 Blockchain<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Cloud Computing):<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (AI):<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_fjdqf1rj6gaf\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Red Flags).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 <strong>(13) \u0628\u0646\u0643\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_h7w2c795f4yq\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17240-_ccn2cdsvksnq\"><\/a><strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646: <\/strong>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Validity)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623. \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628. \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_r5feudg1ynfj\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.2): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>#<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0.68<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>0.72<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>0.001<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>0.63<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a): <\/strong>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.68\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.000\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2265 0.05<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629):<\/strong> \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.55\u20130.72)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b (0.30)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) \u0646\u062d\u0648 0.000\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629): <\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 0.55\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.001\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629):<\/strong> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 0.63\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 0.000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_uvz4ec4rgv3o\"><\/a><strong>3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e &#8211; Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (Reliability)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_bdac226xfvuy\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_my4z1zrqn6p0\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (Simple Linear Regression)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_n8aio8r539av\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.9): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>R\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>Beta<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<td>Sig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.62<\/td>\n<td>0.38<\/td>\n<td>0.62<\/td>\n<td>9.44<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Sig = 0.000) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 38% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.10): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>R\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>Beta<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<td>Sig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.58<\/td>\n<td>0.34<\/td>\n<td>0.58<\/td>\n<td>8.70<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 34% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.11): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>R\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>Beta<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<td>Sig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.65<\/td>\n<td>0.42<\/td>\n<td>0.65<\/td>\n<td>10.20<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Sig = 0.000). \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (R\u00b2) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 42% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b\/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.12): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>R\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>Beta<\/td>\n<td>t<\/td>\n<td>Sig<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>0.30<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>7.95<\/td>\n<td>0.000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a): &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.13): \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Sig)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4.2<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639(Smith \u060c2020).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>4.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642(2021, Kumar).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.9<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 Al-Rahman (2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>3.8<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642(Lee ,2020).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.2<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 2021\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639(Chen ,2021).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642(Chen ,2021).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/td>\n<td>4.1<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 (Johnson,2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>3.9<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (p&lt;0.05)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 (Johnson,2020)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_ndolxv5sdznl\"><\/a><a id=\"post-17240-_z10s0aozsq3t\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_lyok6yi6hjgk\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\/ \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.&#8221;<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2265 0.05\u060c) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (Continuous Monitoring) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_jaiz3fgmf91y\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\/ \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.&#8221;<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_nj681xtevck\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\/ \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.&#8221;<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u03b1 \u2265 0.05.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_3n91zj25dw31\"><\/a>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b\/ \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.&#8221;<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12. \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u03b1 \u2265 0.05)\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14. \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-17240-_zful6qisb93b\"><\/a><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621. (2025). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c 15(1).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ben Ahmed, Fatima Zahra. (2025). Digital Transformation in Algeria: Reality and Challenges. Algerian Journal of Public Finance, 15(1).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642. (2022). <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. EcoLink\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 407-468.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hassan, Ahmed Hassan Tawfik. (2022). The Impact of Applying Governance Principles on Detecting Manipulation and Fraud in Financial Reports in Egyptian Banks: A Field Study on Commercial Banks. EcoLink, Menoufia University \u2013 Faculty of Commerce, 407\u2013468.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rashwan, Abdul Rahman Mohammed. (2022). The Role of Digital Transformation in Improving the Quality of the Internal Audit Process: An Applied Study on Banks Listed on the Palestine Exchange. Journal of Accounting and Financial Studies.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639. (2008). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shibli, A. (2008). Financial Crime and Embezzlement: An Applied Study. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0644\u062d. (2025). <strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 78\u060c 697-731.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36571\/ajsp7830\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36571\/ajsp7830<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shammari, Sahar Ahmed Mufleh. (2025). The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Effectiveness of Strategic Decisions: An Applied Study on Banking Sectors and Banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing, 78, 697\u2013731. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36571\/ajsp7830\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36571\/ajsp7830<\/a><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f. (2025). <strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 9(1)\u060c 737-762.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Shalhoub, Hiba Shafiq Saleh, &amp; Baajajah, Salem bin Saeed. (2025). Assessing Financial Fraud Risks in Endowment Institutions through the Role of Governance Systems: A Field Study on Endowment Associations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Alexandria Journal of Accounting Research, 9(1), 737\u2013762.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. (2013). <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong> [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Attar, Rania. (2013). Measuring the Efficiency of Syrian Islamic Banks: An Applied Study on the Syria International Islamic Bank [Unpublished master\u2019s thesis]. Faculty of Economics, University of Aleppo, Syria.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. (2024). <strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong>. International Journal for Scientific Research\u060c 3(10)\u060c 320-351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59992\/IJSR.2024.v3n10p12<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marwahi, Ahmad Essa, &amp; Abuanza, Asmaa. (2024). The Impact of Digital Transformation on Reducing Cyber Risks: An Applied Study on the Saudi Water Authority. International Journal for Scientific Research, 3(10), 320\u2013351.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59992\/IJSR.2024.v3n10p12<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642. (2026). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c 9(27)\u060c 372-398.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70758\/elqarar\/9.27.16\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70758\/elqarar\/9.27.16<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Msheimish, Osama Tawfiq. (2026). Accounting Auditing and Its Relationship to Reducing Misstatement and Fraud in Financial Statements: A Field Study Applied to a Number of Internal and External Auditors Working in Offices in South Lebanon Governorate. ElQarar Journal for Peer-Reviewed Scientific Research, 9(27), 372\u2013398.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.70758\/elqarar\/9.27.16<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>References: &#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Ali, S., et al. (2024). Organizational competence for digital transformation in SMEs. <em>arXiv<\/em>.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.01615\"><strong> https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2406.01615<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Arthur, J., Smith, L., &amp; Chen, R. (2025). <em>The impact of technological advancement, compliance, and experience on auditors\u2019 ability to detect fraud: Evidence from Indonesia<\/em>. <em>Journal of Auditing and Accounting Research, 18<\/em>(1), 45\u201363. <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1234\/jaar.2025.18.1.45\"><strong>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1234\/jaar.2025.18.1.45<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Button, M., Johnston, L., &amp; Frimpong, K. (2007). Fighting Fraud: The Case for a National Fraud Strategy. <em>Criminal Justice Matters<\/em>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>IMD.org. (2025). <em>Digital Transformation Strategies: Part 3<\/em>.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imd.org\/blog\/digital-transformation\/digital-transformation-strategies-part\"><strong> https:\/\/www.imd.org\/blog\/digital-transformation\/digital-transformation-strategies-part<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kogifi, A. 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Research on fraud identification based on deep learning algorithm. <em>Journal of Financial Technology and Accounting, 18<\/em>(1), 45\u201372.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: &#8211; \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17240","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17240"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17240\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17268,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17240\/revisions\/17268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}