{"id":17219,"date":"2026-06-25T18:05:44","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T18:05:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-74\/"},"modified":"2026-06-25T18:07:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T18:07:03","slug":"7-6-74","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-74\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 74"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Ali Khalid Abdulrahman\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Iraqi University, College of Islamic Sciences, Department of Islamic Finance and Banking, Iraq.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/74' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/74<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/74' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/74<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1346 - 1358<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-74.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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K.. (2026). The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ali Khalid Abdulrahman. 2026. \\&quot;The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Abdulrahman, A. K.. 2026. The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-26]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-74\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Abdulrahman, A. K.. The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Abdulrahman, A. K., \\&quot;The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ali Khalid Abdulrahman. \\&quot;The Difference in the Effective Cause of Riba among Jurists.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639. \u062e. (2026). \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639. \u062e. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-26]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-74\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639. \u062e. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-06-01\u061b 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639. \u062e. \u00ab\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f. \u00ab\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026-06-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/74&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to clarify the effective cause (\u02bfillah) of riba in Islamic jurisprudence and to examine the points of agreement and disagreement among the Islamic schools of law regarding the legal basis for its application to wealth and financial transactions. The study adopts an inductive and analytical approach by tracing the legal texts concerning the prohibition of riba in the Qur\u2019an, the Sunnah, and scholarly consensus, and by analyzing jurists\u2019 views on the definition of riba, its types, and the effective cause upon which non-textual cases are analogically attached to the six ribawi commodities mentioned in the Prophetic tradition. The study discusses the linguistic and technical meanings of riba and shows that jurists agree on the prohibition of both riba al-nasi\u2019ah and riba al-fadl in the explicitly mentioned commodities. However, they differ regarding the common effective cause by which other commodities may be compared to them. The Hanafi school holds that the effective cause is measurement by volume or weight together with unity of genus. The Maliki school considers storability and use as staple food in edible items. The Shafi\u2018i school identifies the effective cause in gold and silver as their function as money or price-measure, while in the remaining commodities it is edibility. The Hanbali school contains several views, including measurement by volume or weight, or edibility combined with volume or weight. The Zahiri school, however, restricts riba to the explicitly mentioned commodities because it rejects analogical reasoning. The study concludes that disagreement over the effective cause of riba has influenced contemporary juristic applications related to deferred gold sales, repayment of loans in different currencies, stipulating an increase in loans, and fixing predetermined profits in investment transactions. The study emphasizes the importance of accurately defining the effective cause of riba due to its direct impact on distinguishing lawful from unlawful transactions and on fulfilling the objectives of Islamic law in preventing injustice and exploitation and protecting financial dealings.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Riba, Effective Cause of Riba, Riba al-Fadl, Riba al-Nasi\u2019ah, Islamic Jurisprudence, Financial Transactions.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 ,\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u062e\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: &#8221; \u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621: \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0632\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649<sub>:<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0647\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0632\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u064d \u0628\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u062c\u064d )<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064d )<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0640 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649: &#8220;\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623 \u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648: &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8220;\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a> <\/sup>\u0641\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f (\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623 \u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8221; \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0645\u0629.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8221; \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8220;\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8221; \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 &#8220;\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-14\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 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\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: (\u0639\u0648\u0636) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-17\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-20\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2\u0640 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (\u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062d\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u0651\u064f \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0623\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064d)<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-21\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0651.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-22\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623 \u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629: &#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-23\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3 \u0640 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: (<strong>\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0630\u0631\u064f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/strong>)<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-24\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>&#8220;\u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 ,\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-25\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a: &#8221; \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-26\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645): &#8220;\u00ab\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627 \u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d\u060c \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0632\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0649\u00bb<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-27\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062e.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-28\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-29\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-30\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0640 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646:\u0640<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u0640 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-31\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2 \u0640 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-32\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0645 \u062f \u0642\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-33\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0650\u0647 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0645\u064e: &#8220;\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627 \u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064d\u060c \u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0645\u064e \u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0632\u064e\u0652\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0623\u0631\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0649.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-34\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0622 \u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0639<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-35\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-36\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>.\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-37\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8221; \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-38\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8221; \u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-39\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-40\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0641 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justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0640 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 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\u0641\u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0643\u064e\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0652\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0628\u0647\u0650.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-46\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0628<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-47\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645): &#8220;\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0631\u0650\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0630\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0623\u0648\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u064e\u0646\u064f \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064f.&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-48\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627 \u0640 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628: &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;<sup><a id=\"post-17219-footnote-ref-49\" href=\"#post-17219-footnote-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0630\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The Holy Qur\u2019an.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641. (1989\u0645\/1409\u0647\u0640). \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-B\u0101j\u012b, Ab\u016b al-Wal\u012bd Sulaym\u0101n ibn Khalaf. (1989\/1409 AH). I\u1e25k\u0101m al-Fu\u1e63\u016bl f\u012b A\u1e25k\u0101m al-U\u1e63\u016bl. Edited by Dr. Abdullah al-Jub\u016br\u012b. Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat al-Ris\u0101lah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1980\u0645\/1400\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-\u0100mid\u012b, Sayf al-D\u012bn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad. (1980\/1400 AH). Al-I\u1e25k\u0101m f\u012b U\u1e63\u016bl al-A\u1e25k\u0101m. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f. (1937\u0645\/1356\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Maw\u1e63il\u012b, \u02bfAbd All\u0101h ibn Ma\u1e25m\u016bd ibn Mawd\u016bd. (1937\/1356 AH). Al-Ikhtiy\u0101r li-Ta\u02bfl\u012bl al-Mukht\u0101r (2nd ed.). Cairo: Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 al-B\u0101b\u012b al-\u1e24alab\u012b Press.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Shinq\u012b\u1e6d\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad al-Am\u012bn ibn Mu\u1e25ammad al-Mukht\u0101r. (n.d.). A\u1e0dw\u0101\u02be al-Bay\u0101n f\u012b \u012a\u1e0d\u0101\u1e25 al-Qur\u02be\u0101n bi-l-Qur\u02be\u0101n. Beirut: \u02bf\u0100lam al-Kutub.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629. (1986\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Jub\u016br\u012b, Ab\u016b al-Yaq\u1e93\u0101n \u02bfA\u1e6diyyah. (1986). Imam Zufar and His Juristic Opinions. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Nadwah al-Jad\u012bdah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. (1990\u0645\/1410\u0647\u0640). \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-K\u0101s\u0101n\u012b, \u02bfAl\u0101\u02be al-D\u012bn Ab\u016b Bakr ibn Mas\u02bf\u016bd. (1990\/1410 AH). Bad\u0101\u02bei\u02bf al-\u1e62an\u0101\u02bei\u02bf f\u012b Tart\u012bb al-Shar\u0101\u02bei\u02bf. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649. (1988\u0645\/1409\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u06375. \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Murta\u1e0d\u0101, A\u1e25mad ibn Ya\u1e25y\u0101. (1988\/1409 AH). Al-Ba\u1e25r al-Zakhkh\u0101r al-J\u0101mi\u02bf li-Madh\u0101hib \u02bfUlam\u0101\u02be al-Am\u1e63\u0101r (5th ed.). Sana\u2019a: D\u0101r al-\u1e24ikmah al-Yam\u0101niyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn Rushd, Ab\u016b al-Wal\u012bd Mu\u1e25ammad ibn A\u1e25mad al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b. (n.d.). Bid\u0101yat al-Mujtahid wa Nih\u0101yat al-Muqta\u1e63id. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. (1998\u0645\/1419\u0647\u0640). \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Mub\u0101rak, Fay\u1e63al ibn \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz. (1998\/1419 AH). Bust\u0101n al-Akhb\u0101r: Mukhta\u1e63ar Nayl al-Aw\u1e6d\u0101r (1st ed.). Riyadh: D\u0101r Ishb\u012bliy\u0101 for Publishing and Distribution.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f. (1987\u0645\/1407\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d: \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u06374. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Jawhar\u012b, Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl ibn \u1e24amm\u0101d. (1987\/1407 AH). Al-\u1e62i\u1e25\u0101\u1e25: T\u0101j al-Lughah wa \u1e62i\u1e25\u0101\u1e25 al-\u02bfArabiyyah. Edited by A\u1e25mad \u02bfAbd al-Ghaf\u016br \u02bfA\u1e6d\u1e6d\u0101r (4th ed.). Beirut: D\u0101r al-\u02bfIlm lil-Mal\u0101y\u012bn.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1983\u0645\/1403\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Jurj\u0101n\u012b, \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAl\u012b. (1983\/1403 AH). Al-Ta\u02bfr\u012bf\u0101t (1st ed.). Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Subk\u012b, \u02bfAl\u012b ibn \u02bfAbd al-K\u0101f\u012b. (n.d.). Takmilat al-Majm\u016b\u02bf Shar\u1e25 al-Muhadhdhab. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631. (1954\u0645\/1373\u0647\u0640). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u06372. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-\u1e6cabar\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Jar\u012br. (1954\/1373 AH). J\u0101mi\u02bf al-Bay\u0101n \u02bfan Ta\u02bew\u012bl \u0100y al-Qur\u02be\u0101n (2nd ed.). Egypt: Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 al-B\u0101b\u012b al-\u1e24alab\u012b Press.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a. (1963\u0645\/1387\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Qur\u1e6dub\u012b, Ab\u016b \u02bfAbd All\u0101h Mu\u1e25ammad ibn A\u1e25mad al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b. (1963\/1387 AH). Al-J\u0101mi\u02bf li-A\u1e25k\u0101m al-Qur\u02be\u0101n. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kit\u0101b al-\u02bfArab\u012b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1343\u0647\u0640). \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-B\u0101j\u016br\u012b, Ibr\u0101h\u012bm ibn Mu\u1e25ammad. (1343 AH). \u1e24\u0101shiyat al-B\u0101j\u016br\u012b \u02bfal\u0101 Shar\u1e25 Ab\u012b al-Q\u0101sim al-Ghazz\u012b. Egypt: Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 al-B\u0101b\u012b al-\u1e24alab\u012b Press.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. (2000\u0645\/1421\u0647\u0640). \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn \u02bf\u0100bid\u012bn, Mu\u1e25ammad Am\u012bn. (2000\/1421 AH). Radd al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101r \u02bfal\u0101 al-Durr al-Mukht\u0101r Shar\u1e25 Tanw\u012br al-Ab\u1e63\u0101r. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr for Printing and Publishing.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-\u1e62an\u02bf\u0101n\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Ism\u0101\u02bf\u012bl al-Am\u012br. (n.d.). Subul al-Sal\u0101m Shar\u1e25 Bul\u016bgh al-Mar\u0101m. Corrected and annotated by Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz al-Kh\u016bl\u012b. Beirut: D\u0101r al-J\u012bl.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn M\u0101jah, Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Yaz\u012bd al-Qazw\u012bn\u012b. (n.d.). Sunan Ibn M\u0101jah. Edited by Mu\u1e25ammad Fu\u02be\u0101d \u02bfAbd al-B\u0101q\u012b. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2004\u0645\/1424\u0647\u0640). \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642: \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-D\u0101raqu\u1e6dn\u012b, \u02bfAl\u012b ibn \u02bfUmar. (2004\/1424 AH). Sunan al-D\u0101raqu\u1e6dn\u012b. Edited and annotated by Shu\u02bfayb al-Arn\u0101\u02be\u016b\u1e6d, \u1e24asan \u02bfAbd al-Mun\u02bfim Shalab\u012b, \u02bfAbd al-La\u1e6d\u012bf \u1e24irz All\u0101h, and A\u1e25mad Barh\u016bm (1st ed.). Beirut: Mu\u2019assasat al-Ris\u0101lah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. (1336\u0647\u0640). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u06371. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn al-Hum\u0101m, Kam\u0101l al-D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn \u02bfAbd al-W\u0101\u1e25id. (1336 AH). Shar\u1e25 Fat\u1e25 al-Qad\u012br (1st ed.). Egypt: Al-Ma\u1e6dba\u02bfah al-Am\u012briyyah al-Kubr\u0101.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Buh\u016bt\u012b, Man\u1e63\u016br ibn Y\u016bnus. (n.d.). Shar\u1e25 Muntah\u0101 al-Ir\u0101d\u0101t. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. (1978\u0645\/1407\u0647\u0640). \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Nawaw\u012b, Mu\u1e25y\u012b al-D\u012bn Ya\u1e25y\u0101 ibn Sharaf. (1978\/1407 AH). Shar\u1e25 al-Nawaw\u012b \u02bfal\u0101 \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn Man\u1e93\u016br, Jam\u0101l al-D\u012bn Mu\u1e25ammad ibn Mukarram al-An\u1e63\u0101r\u012b. (n.d.). Lis\u0101n al-\u02bfArab. Prepared and classified by Y\u016bsuf al-Khayy\u0101\u1e6d. Beirut: D\u0101r Lis\u0101n al-\u02bfArab.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Sarakhs\u012b, Shams al-D\u012bn Ab\u016b Bakr Mu\u1e25ammad ibn A\u1e25mad. (n.d.). Al-Mabs\u016b\u1e6d. Egypt: Ma\u1e6dba\u02bfat al-Sa\u02bf\u0101dah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Nawaw\u012b, Mu\u1e25y\u012b al-D\u012bn Ya\u1e25y\u0101 ibn Sharaf. (n.d.). Al-Majm\u016b\u02bf Shar\u1e25 al-Muhadhdhab. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn \u1e24azm, Ab\u016b Mu\u1e25ammad \u02bfAl\u012b ibn A\u1e25mad ibn Sa\u02bf\u012bd al-\u1e92\u0101hir\u012b. (n.d.). Al-Mu\u1e25all\u0101 bi-l-\u0100th\u0101r. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn \u1e24anbal, A\u1e25mad ibn Mu\u1e25ammad. (n.d.). Musnad al-Im\u0101m A\u1e25mad. Beirut: Al-Maktab al-Isl\u0101m\u012b and D\u0101r \u1e62\u0101dir.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Muslim ibn al-\u1e24ajj\u0101j al-Nays\u0101b\u016br\u012b. (n.d.). Al-Musnad al-\u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 al-Mukhta\u1e63ar bi-Naql al-\u02bfAdl \u02bfan al-\u02bfAdl il\u0101 Ras\u016bl All\u0101h \ufdfa: \u1e62a\u1e25\u012b\u1e25 Muslim. Edited by Mu\u1e25ammad Fu\u02be\u0101d \u02bfAbd al-B\u0101q\u012b. Beirut: D\u0101r I\u1e25y\u0101\u02be al-Tur\u0101th al-\u02bfArab\u012b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Shirb\u012bn\u012b, Mu\u1e25ammad al-Kha\u1e6d\u012bb. (n.d.). Mughn\u012b al-Mu\u1e25t\u0101j il\u0101 Ma\u02bfrifat Ma\u02bf\u0101n\u012b Alf\u0101\u1e93 al-Minh\u0101j. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631. (1392\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn Qud\u0101mah, Muwaffaq al-D\u012bn \u02bfAbd All\u0101h ibn A\u1e25mad al-Maqdis\u012b; and Ibn Qud\u0101mah, Shams al-D\u012bn \u02bfAbd al-Ra\u1e25m\u0101n ibn Ab\u012b \u02bfUmar. (1392 AH). Al-Mughn\u012b wa-l-Shar\u1e25 al-Kab\u012br. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kit\u0101b al-\u02bfArab\u012b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ibn Rushd, Ab\u016b al-Wal\u012bd Mu\u1e25ammad ibn A\u1e25mad. (n.d.). Al-Muqaddim\u0101t al-Mumahhid\u0101t li-Bay\u0101n m\u0101 Iqta\u1e0dathu Rus\u016bm al-Mudawwanah min al-A\u1e25k\u0101m al-Shar\u02bfiyy\u0101t. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Fikr.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Sh\u012br\u0101z\u012b, Ab\u016b Is\u1e25\u0101q Ibr\u0101h\u012bm ibn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Y\u016bsuf. (n.d.). Al-Muhadhdhab f\u012b Fiqh al-Im\u0101m al-Sh\u0101fi\u02bf\u012b. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (\u062f.\u062a). \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Dimashq\u012b, \u02bfAbd al-Q\u0101dir ibn Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101. (n.d.). Nuzhat al-Kh\u0101\u1e6dir al-\u02bf\u0100\u1e6dir Shar\u1e25 Raw\u1e0dat al-N\u0101\u1e93ir wa Jannat al-Mun\u0101\u1e93ir by Ibn Qud\u0101mah. Beirut: D\u0101r al-Kutub al-\u02bfIlmiyyah.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631. (1955\u0645\/1375\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u064a. \u06372. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Al-Margh\u012bn\u0101n\u012b, Burh\u0101n al-D\u012bn \u02bfAl\u012b ibn Ab\u012b Bakr. (1955\/1375 AH). Al-Hid\u0101yah Shar\u1e25 Bid\u0101yat al-Mubtad\u012b (2nd ed.). Egypt: Mu\u1e63\u1e6daf\u0101 al-B\u0101b\u012b al-\u1e24alab\u012b and Sons Press.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 (\u062a711\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0640 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1 \/ 1016\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0648) <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c: 5. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 276. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 1\/ 1117 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0648). <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637: \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062e\u0633\u064a (\u062a490\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629. 109 \/ 12 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631: \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 (\u062a861) \u0647\u0640\u060c \u06371\u060c1336\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c 5 \/ 274\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a (\u062a683\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u06372\u060c 1375\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a 2 \/ 30. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u064a: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a593\u0647\u0640)\u060c\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c 1375 \u0647\u0640 3 \/ 61. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 4 \/ 274. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 2 \/ 31. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u062f: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a (\u062a595\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 3 \/ 96 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u062a 973 \u0647\u0640 )\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2 \/ 12 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 2 \/ 12. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 2 \/ 12. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a (\u062a1051\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2\/. 193 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631: \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 (\u062a 840\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u06375\u060c 1409 \u0647\u0640 \u0640 1989\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c 3 \/ 330. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c 2 \/ 21. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1343\u0647\u0640\u060c 1 \/357. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 275. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a (\u062a671\u0647\u0640)1387\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1963\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 3\/ 331\u060c \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a (\u062a300\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u06372\u060c 1373 \u0647\u0640 \u0640 1954 \u0645\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 3 \/ 19. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0637 1 \/ 109\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 3 \/ 19. \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628: \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 9\/ 190.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 4 \/122. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 276. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1\/ 395\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2 \/ 765. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a: 3 \/ 362. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629 278. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u062a 261\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 3 \/ 1219\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1598. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1407 \u0647\u0640 \u0640 1978\u0645\u060c 11 \/ 26. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 3\/ 1210\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1587 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 10 \/. 40 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a 9 \/ 478. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a 3\/ 65 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 12 \/ 23. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 2 \/ 1105\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0641\u0636\u0644). <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0631: \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649: 1376\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u06371\u060c 1419 \u0647\u0640 &#8211; 1998 \u0645\u060c 2 \/ 44. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 3 \/ 1210\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1587. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 2\/ 154. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 2 \/ 868\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0644). <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c1410\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1990\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 5\/ 1773.<a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c 88 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d. \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 1409\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1989\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 466\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645: \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a 1400\u0647\u0640 \u0640 1980\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c3\/ 344. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 2 \/ 313. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 6\/ 147\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a (\u062a 587\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c 13\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 7\/ 3105 \u0640 3106\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 3 \/ 61. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0622 \u0627\u0631\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1986\u060c 2 \/ 165 \u0640 166.<a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u062f 2 \/ 130. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 5\/ 3718 \u0640 3719. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-44\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-45\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c 2 \/23 <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-45\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-46\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a (\u062a 385\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0635\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0624\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c 1424 \u0647\u0640 &#8211; 2004 \u0645\u060c 3 \/ 407\u060c 2853. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-46\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-47\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 4 \/ 3 \u0640 5. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a 3\/400\u060c 2834. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17219-footnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0640 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 8 \/ 468. <a href=\"#post-17219-footnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 ,\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17219","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17219"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17220,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17219\/revisions\/17220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}