{"id":17188,"date":"2026-06-15T18:02:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T18:02:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=17188"},"modified":"2026-06-15T18:02:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T18:02:08","slug":"7-6-68","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-68\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Reem Aqab Tawfiq Amasheh\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/68' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/68<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/68' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/68<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1219 - 1252<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-68.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. T.. (2026). The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Amasheh, Reem Aqab Tawfiq.. 2026. \\&quot;The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Amasheh, R. A. T.. 2026. The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-16]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-68\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Amasheh, R. A. T.. The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Amasheh, R. A. T., \\&quot;The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Amasheh, Reem Aqab Tawfiq.. \\&quot;The Effect of Using Play-Based Strategies on Improving Reading and Writing Skills among Second-Grade Students in Public Schools in the Golan Region.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/68&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0631. \u0639. \u062a. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to investigate the effect of using play-based strategies on improving reading and writing skills and enhancing learning motivation among second-grade students in public schools in the Golan region. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with two equivalent groups. The sample consisted of 43 male and female students, divided into an experimental group of 22 students who were taught through a play-based educational program, and a control group of 21 students who were taught using the conventional method. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher designed an educational program based on interactive language play activities. The study instruments included a reading skills test, a writing skills test, a learning motivation scale, and a classroom observation checklist. The validity and reliability of these instruments were verified according to appropriate scientific procedures. The instruments were administered before and after the intervention, and the data were analyzed using the t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed statistically significant differences at the significance level (\u03b1 = 0.05) between the mean scores of the two groups in the post-application of the reading and writing skills tests and the learning motivation scale, in favor of the experimental group. This indicates the effectiveness of the play-based program in developing language skills and enhancing motivation toward learning Arabic. The findings also showed that the use of educational play increased students\u2019 classroom interaction and participation and reduced boredom and anxiety associated with learning reading and writing. In light of these findings, the study recommended employing play-based strategies in teaching Arabic in the lower basic grades, training teachers to design interactive educational activities that suit students\u2019 developmental characteristics, and integrating active learning practices into school curricula.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> play-based learning, reading skills, writing skills, learning motivation, Arabic language.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Abu-Libdeh &amp; Saleh, 2025\u061b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a, 2024). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (Fisher &amp; Frey, 2023\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633-\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 (Play-based Learning Strategies) \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 (Pyle &amp; Danniels, 2023). \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629&#8221; (Zone of Proximal Development) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 (Scaffolding)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Vygotsky, 1978\u061b Bodrova &amp; Leong, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 (Leong &amp; Bodrova, 2023)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 (2024)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 (2025)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Low Affective Filter)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 (Roskos &amp; Christie, 2011). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 (Fisher et al., 2011\u061b Zosh et al., 2024\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c 2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 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\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2025). \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 (Mixed Methods Research)\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (Creswell &amp; Creswell, 2023). \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c 2026). <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 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justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 (Play-based Learning Strategies)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c 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\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c 2020). \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/strong> (Play-Based Strategies): \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 (Pyle &amp; Danniels, 2022). \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong> (Literacy Skills): \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629) (Duke &amp; Cartwright, 2021). \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (Educational Program): \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c 2024). \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> (Second Grade): \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 (7-8) \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629&#8221; \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Snow et al., 1998; Bodrova &amp; Leong, 2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Graham &amp; Harris, 2016; Alzahrani, 2022). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000; Hidi &amp; Renninger, 2006)\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (Creswell &amp; Plano Clark, 2018).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (Snow et al., 1998; Bodrova &amp; Leong, 2019).<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 (Graham &amp; Harris, 2016; Alzahrani, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2000; Hidi &amp; Renninger, 2006).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 (Creswell &amp; Plano Clark, 2018).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0649:<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 (Methodology and Research Design:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (Quasi-Experimental Design) \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 2023\u061b Creswell &amp; Creswell, 2023). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Population)<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2025\/2026\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c 2024). \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (310) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (7) \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<td>121 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>87 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>68 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>34 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>310 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Sample)<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Purposive Sampling) \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648-\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Extraneous Variables) (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 (22) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 (21) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> (43) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Equivalence of Groups)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (Internal Validity)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 (Normality Test)<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a &#8220;\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648-\u0648\u064a\u0643&#8221; (Shapiro-Wilk) \u0648&#8221;\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641&#8221; (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a (Parametric Tests)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): <\/strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a (Shapiro-Wilk) \u0648(Kolmogorov-Smirnov) \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Shapiro-Wilk<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Kolmogorov-Smirnov<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>0.961<\/td>\n<td>0.612<\/td>\n<td>0.091<\/td>\n<td>0.200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0.947<\/td>\n<td>0.301<\/td>\n<td>0.108<\/td>\n<td>0.213<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>0.955<\/td>\n<td>0.455<\/td>\n<td>0.102<\/td>\n<td>0.305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>0.942<\/td>\n<td>0.268<\/td>\n<td>0.117<\/td>\n<td>0.173<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f (\u03b1 = 0.05). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a (Normal Distribution).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b (Statistical Triangulation Check) \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 (Pallant, 2025). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t-test) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Field, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent t-test) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (\u0646)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Sig.)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2122<\/td>\n<td>87.142990.8636<\/td>\n<td>5.867594.27947<\/td>\n<td>-2.37<\/td>\n<td>0.32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2122<\/td>\n<td>83.523884.7273<\/td>\n<td>3.842123.53462<\/td>\n<td>-1.07<\/td>\n<td>0.29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>* \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u03b1 = 0.05<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (0.32) \u0648(0.29) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05). \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 (Baseline Equivalence) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 (Inference Power) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a (Creswell &amp; Creswell, 2023\u061b \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Research Tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 (\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c 2025).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Bodrova &amp; Leong, 2019; Hassinger-Das et al., 2020; Alzahrani, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629: \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (ADDIE) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 (\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Analysis):<\/em> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (Design):<\/em> \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (Development):<\/em> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (Implementation):<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (Evaluation):<\/em> \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 (Measurement Tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a). \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (NAEP, 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c (\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0631\u062a) \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 21 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629) \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629, 2021).<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Qualitative) \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a (Psychometric Properties)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0646 = 20) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity): \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 <em>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/em> \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 <em>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/em> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631 (NAEP, 2024)\u060c \u0648<em>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/em> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability): \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (0.87)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (0.89)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 (0.91). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 (Inter-rater) \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (85%)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Field, 2024).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Procedures)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (2025).<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (ADDIE) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 (\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0646 = 20) \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 (Baseline) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (SPSS) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t-test) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) (Field, 2024).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Variables):<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: 1. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c 2. \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c 3. \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (Pre-test)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (X)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a (Post-test)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 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2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 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justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (ADDIE) \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Analysis): \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 (Design): \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (Development): \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (Implementation): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (Evaluation): \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (Measurement Tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 2023\u061b Field, 2024)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (NAEP, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (21) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a: (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629). \u0648\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 (2021) \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Psychometric Properties)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u0646 = 20) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Validity):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Content Validity): \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (Construct Validity): \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a (NAEP, 2024) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (Face Validity): \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Reliability):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627) \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0646 = 20)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 (Inter-rater)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/td>\n<td>0.87<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u061b \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/td>\n<td>0.89<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/td>\n<td>0.91<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642)<\/td>\n<td>85%<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (70%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (Reliable Tools) \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Field, 2024)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Procedures)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0629 (Purposive Sampling)\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 (Creswell &amp; Creswell, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628: \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a (ADDIE)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a (\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0646 = 20) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">8. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 (Base-line) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">9. \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">10. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a): \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">11. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">12. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (SPSS)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t-test) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a (Field, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">13. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">14. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Study Variables)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (Independent Variable)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0648\u064a (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \/ \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (Dependent Variables)<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>3. \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629) \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Validity)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629&#8221; (Alignment) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 (Webb, 2002). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642:<\/strong> \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623) \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 (Creswell &amp; Creswell, 2023).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 &#8220;\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644&#8221; (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629). \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (50) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (100) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Reliability)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.83) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648(0.86) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022\u061b \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (Formative Assessment Tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (William, 2018)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Traffic Light Card)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Self-Assessment)\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Metacognition) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a (Hattie, 2023). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631:<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Immediate Feedback) \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Peer Assessment)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Topping, 2021). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 (\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629) \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0628\u064d \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0629 (Exit Ticket)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\/ \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u062d\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629&#8221;) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Marzano, 2020). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Diagnostic Tool) \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a (Portfolio) \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 (Open-ended Tasks) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a (Analytic Rubric)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (Performance Indicators) \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Brookhart, 2020). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha):<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (0.84)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 2022).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0637)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Performance Rubrics)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 (Rubrics) \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (Performance Indicators) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0627\u064b (Popham, 2020). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 (Bandura, 1977\u061b \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Sig = 0.000) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F) \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (Field, 2024\u061b \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 2021).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f):<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R2 = 0.990)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 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<strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (2024)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0644\u064a (2023)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 (2022)<\/strong> \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (2021)<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c <strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (2022)<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2021)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a (2019)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 (2020)<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (2018)<\/strong> \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Parker et al., 2022)<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Ronchetti et al., 2020)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2023)<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0634 (Lynch, 2019)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b 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\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Cognitive Load Theory):<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639&#8221; \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633:<\/strong> \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Sig = 0.000) \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (1946.762)\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a:<\/strong> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 1359.977) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f):<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 = 0.990) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 (99%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (2024)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0639\u0644\u064a (2023)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2023)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2021)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 (2020)<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Ronchetti et al., 2020)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (Parker et al., 2022)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2023)<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062a (2020)<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0628 &#8220;\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0634 (Lynch, 2019)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (19).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (19): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0646 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a (\u0645\u0646 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>3.50<\/td>\n<td>0.45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>3.52<\/td>\n<td>0.41<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (19) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.54) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.42)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.44) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.18) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (20) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (20): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Sig)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 <\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>12.450<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>12.450<\/td>\n<td>18.520<\/td>\n<td>*0.000<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>29.815<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>29.815<\/td>\n<td>44.354<\/td>\n<td>*0.000<\/td>\n<td>0.674<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>30.250<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>0.672<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>72.515<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<td>\u2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>*\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 ()<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (20) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 (ANCOVA) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <strong>(F = 18.520)<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <strong>(Sig = 0.000)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 <strong>(F = 44.354)<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <strong>(Sig = 0.000)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f <strong>(\u03b1 = 0.05)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627 <strong>(\u03b7\u00b2 = 0.674)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f <strong>(0.14)<\/strong> \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 <strong>(67.4%)<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (21).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (21): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>3.54<\/td>\n<td>0.052<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>4.44<\/td>\n<td>0.052<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (21) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (3.54) \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (0.052)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4.44) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (0.052)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 (Self-Determination Theory)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629: (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong>)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 (<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 <strong>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a&#8221; (External Regulation)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 <strong>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Intrinsic Motivation)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (2024)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (2022)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 (2021)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 (2020)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 (2022)<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2021)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0636\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 38(2)\u060c 145\u2013167.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Daher, M. (2021). Formative assessment and its role in improving learning outcomes. Journal of Educational Research, 38(2), 145\u2013167.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2022). \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0637. 9). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Allam, R. M. (2022). Research methods in psychological and educational sciences (9th ed.). Dar Al-Nashr for Universities.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 11(2)\u060c 145-168.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, Y. (2023). The effect of an instructional program based on motor play on organizing ideas and constructing sentences in written expression among basic-stage students. Academic Journal of Educational Research, 11(2), 145\u2013168.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f. (2019). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c 35(4)\u060c 210-234.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Harbi, K. (2019). The effectiveness of educational games in organizing ideas and developing some writing skills among early-grade students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Assiut University, 35(4), 210\u2013234.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022\u0623). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 16(1)\u060c 89-112.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khatib, A. (2022a). The effect of the language games strategy on improving reading fluency and comprehension among second-grade students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 16(1), 89\u2013112.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022\u0628). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Khatib, A. (2022b). Introduction to the psychology of play and emotional engagement in basic education. Dar Al-Fikr for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649. (2021). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 22(4)\u060c 89-115.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salah, I., Al-Samarrai, H., &amp; Al-Obaidi, M. (2021). The effect of the play-based learning strategy on increasing interaction and intrinsic motivation among basic-stage pupils. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 22(4), 89\u2013115.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628. (2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 22(3)\u060c 301-325.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Salah, M., Ali, H., &amp; Jaber, Z. (2021). The role of educational games in enhancing creative writing skills and critical thinking among primary school pupils. Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 22(3), 301\u2013325.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621. (2020). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0648 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 16(46)\u060c 1-.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdul Razzaq, H. (2020). The effect of using the Jigsaw II strategy on academic achievement in philosophy and psychology among fifth-grade literary-track female students. Wasit Journal for Human Sciences, 16(46), 1\u201325.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645. (2023). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c 8(2)\u060c 45-72.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, M. (2023). The effectiveness of play activities in developing reading comprehension and expressive skills among first-cycle basic-stage students. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(2), 45\u201372.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0637. 6). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Awda, A. S. (2021). Measurement and evaluation in the teaching process (6th ed.). Dar Al-Amal for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c 14(2)\u060c 201-224.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fatima, S. (2020). The psychological role of play in reducing psychological barriers associated with language learning. Arab Journal of Education and Psychology, 14(2), 201\u2013224.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c 14(2)\u060c 115-139.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fatima, N. (2020). The psychological and therapeutic dimensions of educational play in breaking fear barriers and improving reading and writing among students with learning difficulties. Journal of Psychological and Educational Counseling, 14(2), 115\u2013139.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621. (2021). \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c 5(1)\u060c 45-72.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fahd, S., Al-Rashidi, K., &amp; Mutawa, D. (2021). Employing digital educational games to enhance motivation for reading and writing in Arabic language studies. Journal of Educational Technology and Digital Learning, 5(1), 45\u201372.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0647. (2021). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(4)\u060c 180-205.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fahd, A., Al-Hashimi, A. R., &amp; Al-Dulaimi, T. (2021). The effect of classroom educational games on improving reading comprehension skills among basic-stage students. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 7(4), 180\u2013205.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0637. 2). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qatami, Y. (2021). Social constructivist theory and its applications in the classroom (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Fikr for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a. (2024). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 25(1)\u060c 55-82.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohammed, A., Al-Atoum, A., &amp; Al-Jarrah, A. M. (2024). The effect of interactive play on improving linguistic performance and motivation toward learning reading among early-grade students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 25(1), 55\u201382.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631. (2024). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 30(3)\u060c 112-138.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohammed, Y., Al-Shammari, F., &amp; Al-Otaibi, B. (2024). The role of play-based learning in increasing motivation and active participation in acquiring the Arabic language. Journal of Educational and Linguistic Studies, 30(3), 112\u2013138.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mansour, A. (2024). Instructional design models and their applications in interactive teaching. Dar Al-Fikr Publishers and Distributors.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. (2024). \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mansour, R. (2024). The psychology of play and motivation among children in the early stages. Dar Al-Manahij for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. (2025). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ministry of Education. (2025). Reference guide for assessing Arabic language skills in the basic, motor, and foundational stages. Department of Curricula and Textbooks.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 [\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629]. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Younis, R. (2022). The effectiveness of interactive educational games in increasing attention and motivation among basic-stage students [Unpublished master\u2019s thesis]. Yarmouk University.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627. (2022). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c 4(2)\u060c 95-123.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Younis, R. (2022). The effect of interactive digital games on increasing concentration and developing critical reading and writing skills among children. Journal of Educational Technology and Digital Learning, 4(2), 95\u2013123.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (1977). <em>Social learning theory<\/em>. Prentice-Hall.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Black, P., &amp; Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the theory of formative assessment. <em>Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability<\/em>, <em>21<\/em>(1), 5\u201331.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bloom, B. S. (1968). Learning for mastery. <em>Evaluation Comment<\/em>, <em>1<\/em>(2), 1\u201312.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bodrova, E., &amp; Leong, D. J. 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Solution Tree Press.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17188","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17189,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17188\/revisions\/17189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}