{"id":17075,"date":"2026-06-05T09:51:06","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T09:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-63\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T19:27:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T19:27:32","slug":"7-6-63","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-63\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 63"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al-Nusyan\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/63' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/63<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/63' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/63<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1142 - 1155<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-63.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A.. (2026). Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Nusyan Abdulrahman bin Abdullah. 2026. \\&quot;Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Nusyan A. A.. 2026. Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-26]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-63\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Nusyan A. A.. Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Nusyan A. A., \\&quot;Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Nusyan Abdulrahman bin Abdullah. \\&quot;Features of the Temporal Economic Cycle in Surah Yusuf: An Analytical-Comparative Study with Modern Economic Theories.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/63&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639. \u0639. 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\u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the temporal economic features embedded in Surah Yusuf of the Holy Quran, specifically the verses relating to Pharaoh's vision and Prophet Yusuf's interpretation thereof (Quran 12:47\u201349). These verses present a compound temporal-economic sequence consisting of seven years of diligent agricultural production and surplus accumulation, followed by seven years of severe scarcity and inventory consumption, concluding with a year of relief and renewed productivity. Employing an analytical-comparative methodology, this research first extracts the economic features from within the Quranic text's own structural logic via classical exegetical sources (Tafsir), and then compares these features with major modern business cycle frameworks, namely Juglar's medium-term investment cycle, Kitchin's inventory cycle, Burns and Mitchell's business cycle measurement methodology, and the Basel Committee's countercyclical capital buffer framework. The study maintains rigorous methodological constraints, eschewing claims of terminological equivalence or historical priority. Findings indicate that Surah Yusuf presents a coherent tri-phase economic management model\u2014production and surplus-building, scarcity and rationed inventory consumption, and relief with recovery\u2014which exhibits functional parallels with several modern economic cycle frameworks, particularly regarding inventory management, countercyclical reserve-building, and staged economic recovery, despite fundamental differences in source, methodology, and context.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Business Cycles, Surah Yusuf, Juglar Cycle, Kitchin Cycle, Strategic Inventory, Countercyclical Policies, Comparative Islamic Economics, Economic Fluctuation Management.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 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\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064d \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a <em>Measuring Business Cycles<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (NBER) \u0639\u0627\u0645 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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a; \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b (7+7+1) \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c: <\/strong>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2-\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629: <\/strong>\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3-\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f: <\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 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\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <em>Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <em>The Review of Economic Statistics<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1862\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a <em>Des crises commerciales et de leur retour p\u00e9riodique en France, en Angleterre et aux \u00c9tats-Unis<\/em> \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<sup><a id=\"post-17075-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-17075-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 (7+7+1) \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Countercyclical Policies) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Countercyclical Capital Buffer) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 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href=\"#post-17075-footnote-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 &#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: &#8220;\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 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justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 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href=\"#post-17075-footnote-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.<\/strong>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 (\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0623\u0628\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 (\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u062f)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638. \u0641\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufd3f\u062a\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0639\u064e \u0633\u0650\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u062f\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\ufd3e \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4. <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \ufd3f\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\ufd3e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \ufd3f\u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\ufd3e \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631: <\/strong>\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646: <\/strong>\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0627 &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Holy Qur\u2019an.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2000). \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u06372\u060c \u062c4. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Kathir, Ismail ibn Umar. (2000). Tafsir al-Qur\u2019an al-Azim. Edited by Sami ibn Muhammad al-Salamah. 2nd ed., Vol. 4. Riyadh: Dar Taybah for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631. (2000). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631. \u06371\u060c \u062c16. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. (2000). Jami\u2018 al-Bayan \u2018an Ta\u2019wil Ay al-Qur\u2019an. Edited by Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. 1st ed., Vol. 16. Cairo: Al-Resalah Foundation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1964). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634. \u06372\u060c \u062c9. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. (1964). Al-Jami\u2018 li Ahkam al-Qur\u2019an. Edited by Ahmad al-Barduni and Ibrahim Atfish. 2nd ed., Vol. 9. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyah.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns, Arthur F., and Wesley C. Mitchell. (1946). Measuring Business Cycles. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Juglar, Cl\u00e9ment. (1862). Des crises commerciales et de leur retour p\u00e9riodique en France, en Angleterre et aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Paris: Guillaumin et Cie.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitchin, Joseph. (1923). \u201cCycles and Trends in Economic Factors.\u201d The Review of Economics and Statistics, 5(1), 10\u201316. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1927031\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1927031<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zarnowitz, Victor. (1999). \u201cTheory and History Behind Business Cycles: Are the 1990s the Onset of a Golden Age?\u201d Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(2), 69\u201390.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. (2010). Guidance for National Authorities Operating the Countercyclical Capital Buffer. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bank for International Settlements. (2010). BIS Working Paper No. 317: The Countercyclical Capital Buffer Proposal. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 47. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">King Saud University Qur\u2019an Tafsir Project. Al-Tabari\u2019s Tafsir of Surah Yusuf, Verse 47. Riyadh: King Saud University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 47. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">King Saud University Qur\u2019an Tafsir Project. Al-Qurtubi\u2019s Tafsir of Surah Yusuf, Verse 47. Riyadh: King Saud University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 47. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">King Saud University Qur\u2019an Tafsir Project. Ibn Kathir\u2019s Tafsir of Surah Yusuf, Verse 47. Riyadh: King Saud University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bank for International Settlements. (n.d.). Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB). Basel: Bank for International Settlements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arthur F. Burns and Wesley C. Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1946), 3. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns and Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles, 6. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns and Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles, 6\u20137. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns and Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles, 3\u20135. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: Victor Zarnowitz, &#8220;Theory and History Behind Business Cycles,&#8221; Journal of Economic Perspectives 13, no. 2 (1999): 69\u201390. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Joseph Kitchin, &#8220;Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors,&#8221; The Review of Economic Statistics 5, no. 1 (January 1923): 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1927031 <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitchin, &#8220;Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors,&#8221; 14\u201316. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2000\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 16\u060c \u0635 101. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 9\u060c \u0635 210. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06372\u060c 1999\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 4\u060c \u0635 387. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 9\u060c \u0635 211. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 16\u060c \u0635 103\u2013104. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns and Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles, 3\u20135. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Burns and Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles, 6\u20137. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitchin, &#8220;Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors,&#8221; 14\u201316. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c 4\u060c \u0635 388. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 9\u060c \u0635 210\u2013211. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Guidance for National Authorities Operating the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (Basel: Bank for International Settlements, December 2010), 2\u20133. https:\/\/www.bis.org\/publ\/bcbs187.pdf <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 16\u060c \u0635 107. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/quran.ksu.edu.sa\/tafseer\/tabary\/sura12-aya49.html <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1964\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 9\u060c \u0635 213. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/quran.ksu.edu.sa\/tafseer\/qortobi\/sura12-aya49.html <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 1999\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u062c 4\u060c \u0635 390. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/quran.ksu.edu.sa\/tafseer\/katheer\/sura12-aya49.html <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 16\u060c \u0635 105. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cl\u00e9ment Juglar, Des crises commerciales et de leur retour p\u00e9riodique en France, en Angleterre et aux \u00c9tats-Unis (Paris: Guillaumin et Cie, 1862), chap. 2. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kitchin, &#8220;Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors,&#8221; 10\u201311. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Guidance for National Authorities Operating the Countercyclical Capital Buffer, 1. <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-17075-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB). https:\/\/www.bis.org\/bcbs\/ccyb\/index.htm <a href=\"#post-17075-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17075","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17162,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17075\/revisions\/17162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}