{"id":16992,"date":"2026-06-03T21:53:44","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T21:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-60\/"},"modified":"2026-06-06T19:23:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T19:23:53","slug":"7-6-60","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-60\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 60"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: ahmdkamlwady@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Psychological Independence among University Students<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Ahmed Kamel Wadi\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Psychological Research Center, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> ahmdkamlwady@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/60' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/60<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/60' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/60<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1072 - 1093<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-60.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_73173'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Ahmed Kamel Wadi\u00b9&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Psychological Independence among University Students&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-60\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-06-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Wadi A. K.. (2026). Psychological Independence among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Wadi Ahmed Kamel. 2026. \\&quot;Psychological Independence among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Wadi A. K.. 2026. Psychological Independence among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-25]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-60\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Wadi A. K.. Psychological Independence among University Students. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Wadi A. K., \\&quot;Psychological Independence among University Students,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Wadi Ahmed Kamel. \\&quot;Psychological Independence among University Students.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623. \u0643. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623. \u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-25]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-60\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623. \u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-06-01\u061b 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623. \u0643. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026-06-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/60&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (200) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648(200) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e (0.877)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The research aimed to identify the level of psychological independence among university students and to examine statistically significant differences in psychological independence according to gender. The study adopted the descriptive method. The research population consisted of students at Al-Mustansiriya University, while the sample included 400 morning-study students selected through stratified random sampling, with 200 males and 200 females. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a psychological independence scale based on Gordon Allport\u2019s trait theory. In its final form, the scale consisted of 20 items distributed across five dimensions: independence in self-direction and decision-making, independence from childhood motives and family guidance, psychological maturity and responsibility, emotional independence and social relationships, and future orientation and self-actualization. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified, with Cronbach\u2019s alpha reaching 0.877, indicating good reliability. After statistical analysis, the results showed that university students did not have a high level of psychological independence compared with the hypothetical mean of the scale. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in psychological independence according to gender in favor of males. In light of these findings, the study recommended designing counseling and training programs within universities to develop psychological independence skills, enhance students\u2019 ability to make decisions and assume responsibility, and pay special attention to empowering female students and supporting their psychological independence.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Psychological independence; university students; trait theory; Gordon Allport; gender differences.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2003) \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c 2017: 136).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 1997: 9-10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Stanleng &amp; Hopkins, 1972: 13).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c 2007: 35).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c 2007: 21).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c 2006: 81).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 1997: 9-10).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 1984: 171).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 1990: 32).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Hoffman, 1984) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u064a: (Hoffman, 1984: 174)<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (functional independence).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a (Attitudinal Independence).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (Emotional Independence): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a (Gonflictual Independence): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a, \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u060c 1986: 530).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2019) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a (2019) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u062f (2022) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (2019) \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (2022) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Henri \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2018) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wei \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wu \u0648Dong (2024) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Akram \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(\u0623) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a (1936):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221; (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0632\u060c 1983: 250).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644 (1986):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629&#8221; (\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0644\u060c 1986: 428).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u0646 (2013):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8220;\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; (\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 2013: 55)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c 1936) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a (Gordon Allport) :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a (Gordon W. Allport) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0636\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 (Allport, 1936: 325).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629&#8221; (Allport, 1961: 277).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Schultz &amp; Schultz, 2017: 189).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a (Pervin, et al, 2019: 256).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 (Functional Autonomy of Motives) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (Feist, et al, 2018: 25).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Schultz &amp; Schultz, 2017: 191).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: (The Research Procedures)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: (Population of Research) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: (The research sample)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (200) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648(200) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2025\u0645).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: (The Research tools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627<strong> &#8220;<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221; (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0632\u060c 1983: 250).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629). <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a <\/strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221; (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0632\u060c 1983: 250).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640(\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a) \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 (25) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (10) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0640\u0640\u0640 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 (\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (80%) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (25) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 (80%) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (40) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (10_15) \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 Contrasted Groups (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (400) \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (27%), \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (108) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (216) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (27%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (108) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (27%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 (108) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a (t. test) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2.1245<\/td>\n<td>1.42591<\/td>\n<td>2.2565<\/td>\n<td>1.32270<\/td>\n<td>10.091<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>4.5078<\/td>\n<td>0.93566<\/td>\n<td>2.1236<\/td>\n<td>1.31847<\/td>\n<td>9.157<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>4.5116<\/td>\n<td>0.84720<\/td>\n<td>2.6895<\/td>\n<td>1.54679<\/td>\n<td>10.787<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>3.2145<\/td>\n<td>1.72500<\/td>\n<td>1.2485<\/td>\n<td>1.26671<\/td>\n<td>7.879<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>4.3562<\/td>\n<td>1.03624<\/td>\n<td>2.9621<\/td>\n<td>1.44209<\/td>\n<td>10.244<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>3.1474<\/td>\n<td>1.38777<\/td>\n<td>1.7414<\/td>\n<td>1.24868<\/td>\n<td>11.127<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>3.2569<\/td>\n<td>1.42118<\/td>\n<td>1.3215<\/td>\n<td>0.74831<\/td>\n<td>8.768<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2.8536<\/td>\n<td>1.61438<\/td>\n<td>2.5268<\/td>\n<td>1.26440<\/td>\n<td>6.496<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>3.4512<\/td>\n<td>1.57575<\/td>\n<td>1.7125<\/td>\n<td>0.91888<\/td>\n<td>8.823<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>3.7832<\/td>\n<td>1.30828<\/td>\n<td>1.3562<\/td>\n<td>0.96541<\/td>\n<td>12.753<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>4.8525<\/td>\n<td>1.27072<\/td>\n<td>1.1562<\/td>\n<td>1.14474<\/td>\n<td>10.285<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>3.4937<\/td>\n<td>1.20387<\/td>\n<td>1.2489<\/td>\n<td>1.09571<\/td>\n<td>11.874<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>13<\/td>\n<td>4.1439<\/td>\n<td>1.14558<\/td>\n<td>2.2152<\/td>\n<td>1.33388<\/td>\n<td>10.672<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>4.7526<\/td>\n<td>1.06784<\/td>\n<td>2.1214<\/td>\n<td>1.26382<\/td>\n<td>10.437<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>2.2134<\/td>\n<td>1.50295<\/td>\n<td>1.1426<\/td>\n<td>0.96005<\/td>\n<td>8.915<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>4.2541<\/td>\n<td>0.95413<\/td>\n<td>3.1269<\/td>\n<td>1.42753<\/td>\n<td>9.791<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>4.3251<\/td>\n<td>0.90222<\/td>\n<td>3.1125<\/td>\n<td>1.51389<\/td>\n<td>8.770<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>3.1245<\/td>\n<td>0.88088<\/td>\n<td>3.2586<\/td>\n<td>0.36630<\/td>\n<td>7.802<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td>4.3658<\/td>\n<td>0.97385<\/td>\n<td>2.6363<\/td>\n<td>1.49850<\/td>\n<td>7.639<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>3.0147<\/td>\n<td>1.54273<\/td>\n<td>1.5864<\/td>\n<td>1.23585<\/td>\n<td>9.366<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1,96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0,05) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (399).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640(400) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629) 0.098 (\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (398) \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.525<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.570<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.495<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.568<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.499<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.554<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.455<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.500<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.526<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.459<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.518<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.450<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.486<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.467<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.405<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.428<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.567<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.500<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.550<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.605<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (0.098) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05), \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (398)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.555<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.538<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.600<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>13<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.499<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>17<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.519<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.541<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.501<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>10<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.625<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.650<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>18<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.605<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.499<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.611<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.555<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>15<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.559<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>19<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.560<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.599<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.545<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>12<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.600<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>16<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.700<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.555<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629SPSS \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.740<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.756<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.566<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.794<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.618<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.668<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.618<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.605<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.599<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.677<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.555<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.600<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.602<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.559<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.605<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623 \u0640 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1<strong> \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a Face Validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 <\/strong> <strong>Constract Validity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (0.877) \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (5-4-3-2-1) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (1-2-3-4-5) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (88) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (32) \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (60).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 Parametric Statistic\u060c \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Mean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>57.31<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Median<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>88<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Mode<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>77<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Std. Deviation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Variance<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>443.041<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Skewness<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.090<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Kurtosis<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.463<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Minimum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>32.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Maximum<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>88.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Range<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>101.00<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (25) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (20) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629- \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (5-4-3-2-1) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (1-2-3-4-5) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (88) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (32) \u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (60).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (400) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u063a (57.31) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (11.14) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a (60) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a (t-test) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (399) \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>400<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>57.31<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>11.14<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>60<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.91<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.96<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>399<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0644 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0636\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2019) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a (2019) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u062f (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (2019) \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Henri \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2018) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wei \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wu &amp; Dong (2024) \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Akram \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (2): \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a (t-test) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 0,05<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">400<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>68.10<\/td>\n<td>3.33<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">3.74<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">1.96<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>66.89<\/td>\n<td>3.18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7) \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631- \u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b) \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (3.74) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 (1.96) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.05) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (398).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2019)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Henri \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2018) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Wei \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (2022)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 16(3)\u060c 489-525.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ibn Eid, Latifah Nasser Abdullah. (2022). Decision-making ability and its relationship with generalized anxiety disorder and psychological independence from parents among a sample of female students at the College of Education, King Saud University. Fayoum University Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 16(3), 489\u2013525.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, Ghada Salah Salem. (2019). Psychological independence from the family and its relationship with quality of life during adolescence (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). Faculty of Education, Minia University, Egypt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2007). \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Haji, Mohammed Omar. (2007). The world of adolescence. Damascus: Dar Al-Maktabi for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a. (2013). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hassan, Inaam Hadi. (2013). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with methods of coping with psychological stress (1st ed.). Amman: Dar Safa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644. (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hassan, Mahmoud Shamal. (1997). Variables contributing to conformity behavior with the standard of social responsibility (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). College of Arts, Al-Mustansiriya University, Iraq.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0632. (1983). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duane Schultz. (1983). Theories of personality (Hamad Dali Al-Karbouli &amp; Abdul Rahman Al-Qaisi, Trans.). Baghdad: University of Baghdad Press, College of Arts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (1981). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Zobaie, Abdul Jalil Ibrahim, et al. (1981). Psychological tests and measurements. Mosul: University of Mosul.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0629. (2019). \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c (36)\u060c 337-349.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saadi, Fatiha. (2019). Self-esteem and its relationship with psychological independence among third-year secondary school students: A field study in Tizi Ouzou Province, Algeria. Journal of Historical and Social Studies, (36), 337\u2013349.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0631. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 26(3)\u060c 1-17.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Sultani, Ali Mohsen Radi, &amp; Al-Zubaidi, Raheem Abdullah Jabr. (2019). Voluntary psychological independence among university students. Journal of Human Sciences, 26(3), 1\u201317.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. (1990). \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, Abdul Karim Salim. (1990). Locus of control among the children of martyrs and the reality they experience with their peers in the intermediate stage: A comparative study (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). College of Education Ibn Rushd, University of Baghdad, Iraq.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2017). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c 3(1)\u060c 136-146.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Falahi, Hassan Hamoud Ibrahim. (2017). Self-autonomy and psychological identity among students of the University of Anbar. Arab Journal of Sciences and Research Publishing, 3(1), 136\u2013146.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1996). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u06371). \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Qaimi, Ali. (1996). The family and children\u2019s requirements (1st ed.). Dar Al-Nubala.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a. (2022). \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c 13(2)\u060c 64\u201391.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kourat, Karima, &amp; Boumediene, Senouci. (2022). The level of psychological independence among female university students: A field study on a sample of female students residing in university housing, Saida. Al-Nassiriya Journal of Social and Historical Studies, 13(2), 64\u201391.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644. (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 (\u06371). \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahmoud, Mohammed Iqbal. (2006). Adolescence (1st ed.). Amman: Arab Community Library for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (1986). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 (\u06372). \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Makhoul, Malik Suleiman. (1986). Psychology of childhood and adolescence (2nd ed.). Damascus: New Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Akram, Ananda Rainy, Abidin, Fitri Ariyanti, &amp; Lubis, Fitriani Yustikasari. (2022). Parental autonomy support and psychological well-being in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of autonomy satisfaction. Open Psychology Journal, 15.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allport, G. W. (1936). Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York, NY: Henry Holt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Feist, J., Feist, G. J., &amp; Roberts, T. A. (2018). Theories of personality (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Henri, Dominic C., Morrell, Lesley J., &amp; Scott, Graham W. (2018). Student perceptions of their autonomy at university. Higher Education, 75, 507\u2013516.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hoffman J. A. (1984). psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents, journal of counseling psychology, 31 (2),170 -178.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pervin, L. A., Cervone, D., &amp; John, O. P. (2019). Personality: Theory and research (14th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schultz, D. P., &amp; Schultz, S. E. (2017). Theories of personality (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schultz, D. P., &amp; Schultz, S. E. (2017). Theories of personality (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Stanleng , c . &amp; Hopkins, T .D. (1973) . Educational &amp; psychological measurement &amp; evaluation newgersy, prentice \u2013 Hiil.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wei, Songqin, Teo, Timothy, Malpique, Anabela, &amp; Lausen, Adi. (2022). Parental autonomy support, parental psychological control and Chinese university students\u2019 behavior regulation: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wu, Di, &amp; Dong, Xin. (2024). Autonomy support, peer relations, and teacher\u2013student interactions: implications for psychological well-being in language learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 15.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b) \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16992","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16992"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17150,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16992\/revisions\/17150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}