{"id":16984,"date":"2026-06-01T16:31:41","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T16:31:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-55\/"},"modified":"2026-06-01T16:31:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T16:31:41","slug":"7-6-55","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-55\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 55"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Shujaa Mahmoud Al-Naqri\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Mohammad Farhat\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 Islamic University of Lebanon.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/55' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/55<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 984 - 1002<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-25 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-55.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M., &amp; Farhat, M.. (2026). Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Naqri, Shujaa Mahmoud, &amp; Farhat, Mohammed. 2026. \\&quot;Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Naqri, S. M., &amp; Farhat, M.. 2026. Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-01]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-55\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Naqri, S. M., &amp; Farhat, M.. Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Naqri, S. M., &amp; Farhat, M., \\&quot;Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Naqri, Shujaa Mahmoud, &amp; Farhat, Mohammed. \\&quot;Legal Obstacles to the Confiscation of Bribery Proceeds.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0634. \u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645. (2026). \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0634. \u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645. \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-01]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-55\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0634. \u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645. \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u00ab\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 6\u060c 2026-06-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/55&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' 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\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to identify the legal and procedural obstacles that limit the effectiveness of confiscating and recovering bribery proceeds, as one of the most important modern mechanisms for combating corruption and drying up its economic sources. The study proceeds from the premise that bribery is not merely an assault on the integrity of public office, but also an unlawful means of obtaining financial gains that are often difficult to trace or prove their connection to the criminal act, especially in light of the development of methods used to conceal, disguise, and transfer funds across borders. The study examines the international legal framework governing the confiscation of bribery proceeds, particularly the principles established by the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 2003 concerning asset recovery, international cooperation, and mutual legal assistance. It also analyzes the main forms of confiscation, the conditions of international cooperation, the requirements of mutual legal assistance requests, and the grounds for refusing or postponing such requests, with particular emphasis on the difficulties arising from bank secrecy, differences between legal systems, the requirement of dual criminality, short limitation periods, legal immunities, and dual nationality. The study adopts both analytical and comparative approaches by analyzing relevant legal texts and international conventions and comparing selected legislative experiences in the field of recovering illicit proceeds. It concludes that the confiscation of bribery proceeds is a fundamental tool for achieving deterrence and economic justice. However, its success depends on developing national legislation, strengthening the capacities of competent authorities, activating international cooperation, and ensuring legal safeguards that strike a balance between the effectiveness of combating corruption and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Bribery; confiscation of proceeds; asset recovery; corruption; international cooperation; mutual legal assistance; United Nations Convention against Corruption.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16984","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16984"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16984\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}