{"id":16945,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:46","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-16\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T03:14:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T03:14:14","slug":"7-6-16","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 16"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: reem75.rd@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Reem Dhiab\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> reem75.rd@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/16' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/16<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 254 - 278<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-16.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Dhiab Reem. 2026. \\&quot;Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R.. 2026. Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-21]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-16\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R.. Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R., \\&quot;Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Dhiab Reem. \\&quot;Between Reality and Aspiration: Blended Learning in Teaching Hebrew from the Perspective of Arab Secondary School Teachers Inside the Green Line.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/16&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0631. 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\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to explore the reality of employing blended learning in teaching Hebrew in Arab secondary schools inside the Green Line from the perspective of Hebrew language teachers. It sought to identify teachers\u2019 perceptions of this instructional model, the ways in which it is used in classroom practice, and the challenges that limit its effectiveness. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive-interpretive approach, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with ten male and female Hebrew language teachers who were purposively selected because of their actual experience in using blended learning. The findings revealed that blended learning is present in Hebrew language teaching; however, its use remains limited and largely instrumental in many cases. Digital tools are often used to present content, organize assignments, and conduct electronic assessments, rather than to deeply reconstruct language-learning activities. Conversely, the study revealed more advanced practices among some teachers, particularly in writing activities, oral expression, audio recordings, and digital feedback, which contributed to strengthening students\u2019 confidence and providing broader opportunities for interaction and repeated practice. The findings also showed that weak infrastructure, lack of devices, slow internet connectivity, insufficient professional training, time pressure, the digital divide among students, and the limited cultural and linguistic relevance of some official digital materials are among the main obstacles that restrict the effective implementation of blended learning. The study concluded that blended learning has genuine educational potential in teaching Hebrew to Arab students. However, its effectiveness depends on moving beyond partial technical use toward conscious pedagogical design, supported by institutional backing, specialized professional development, and digital resources that respond to learners\u2019 linguistic and cultural particularities.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Blended learning, Hebrew language teaching, secondary school teachers, Arab schools, Green Line, digital equity, linguistic-cultural context.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 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\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Cronje, 2020). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (Ahmed, 2025)\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648 Chiu, 2021)) \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Tarabia, 2023)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (RAMA, 2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8211; <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/strong>: \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 (Hrastinski, 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8211; \u0647\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Britannica, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Zou et al., 2025; Najjar et al., 2025). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 Alibrahim, 2024; Moorhouse, 2023; Pozo et al., 2024) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 ((Krzyzak &amp; Trebacz, 2024; Akpen et al., 2024.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0647 (Stein &amp; Graham, 2020). \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647 (Minadzi &amp; Segbenya , 2024). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0631\u0634\u060c 2020). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Efthymiou, 2023; Liu&amp; Chen, 2023; Ali et al,. 2023) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c SAMR \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Zulfani et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 TPACK- \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 TPACK \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 (Fabian et al., 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 DigCompEdu- \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 DigCompEdu \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a 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\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644 (Sareen &amp; Mandal, 2024) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 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\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0634 (Bitar &amp; Davidovich, 2024) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Al-Fayyoummi et al., 2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a 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justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Lyu et al., 2025) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 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\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u062f (Manor &amp; Watad, 2024) \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 (Stavermann, 2025) \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a (115) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a (Meaning Saturation)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641. (2024). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 44(1)\u060c 422-437.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Al-Ghanam, Ola Adel Sharif. (2024). The extent of activating blended learning in teaching English and its reflection on the academic achievement of fifth-grade students in Madaba Governorate from teachers\u2019 perspectives. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Research in Higher Education, 44(1), 422-437.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a. (2021). \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(1)\u060c 252-270.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bahha, Fathi. (2021). Employing modern forms of education using technology and communication to facilitate learning. Maqamat for Linguistic, Critical and Literary Studies, 5(1), 252-270.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 8(30)\u060c 213-252.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejev.2024.334629 <br \/>Al-Harthi, Zakiah Hamed. (2024). Blended learning in teaching English at the intermediate level from the teachers\u2019 point of view in Taif. The Arab Journal of Specific Education, 8(30), 213-252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/ejev.2024.334629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645. (2025). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(8)\u060c 295-315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj68\/19<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dhiab, Reem. (2025). The effectiveness of the hybrid learning strategy in teaching Hebrew as a second language to high school students. Humanities and Natural Sciences Journal, 6(8), 295-315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj68\/19<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2025). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c 12(1)\u060c 433-457.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Shahoubi, Hassan Salem, Al-Majri, Sumaya Khamis, &amp; Ismaeel, Izdihar Mohammed. (2025). The reality of using the blended learning strategy among faculty members at the Faculty of Education, Misurata University. Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Education, Misurata University, 12(1), 433-457.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 54(54)\u060c 167-216.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mazrouei, Sami. (2022). The effectiveness of blended learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing achievement and learning motivation among tenth-grade female basic education students in the English language course in the Sultanate of Oman. Egyptian Periodicals Journal, 54(54), 167-216.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2023). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 2(6)\u060c 73-88.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.L310322 <br \/>Al-Momani, Amal Mohammad. (2023). The status of using blended learning in teaching the English language at high schools from the teachers\u2019 point of view. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching Methodology, 2(6), 73-88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26389\/AJSRP.L310322<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0631\u0634\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d. (2022). \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 29(2)\u060c 1-17.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mousa, Zainab Turki Neama, &amp; Al-Ajrash, Haider Hatem Falih. (2022). Building proposed standards for employing smart applications in teaching according to blended learning patterns. Journal of Human Sciences, 29(2), 1-17.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmed, K. (2025). Blended Learning: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Insights and Challenges, <em>Journal of Research Education and Pedagogy<\/em>, <em>2<\/em>(3), 334-345.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Akpen, C., Asaolu, S., Atobatele, S., Okagbue, H. &amp; Sampson, S. (2024). Impact of online learning on students&#8217; performance and engagement: a systematic review, <em>Discover Education<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(205).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al Khateeb, A. &amp; Son, J. (2023). Challenges and strategies of in-service EFL teachers in online language teaching: a Saudi Arabian case study, <em>Computer in the School<\/em>, <em>42<\/em>(4), 327-345.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Fayyomi, K., Almousa, N. &amp; Yassin, B. (2025). Faculty perspectives on blended learning in Jordanian University: opportunities and challenges, <em>Frontiers Education<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, A., Khan, R. &amp; Alouraini, A. (2023). A Comparative Study on the Impact of Online and Blended Learning, <em>SAGA Journal<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>(1), 1-10.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ali, S., Yunus, K., Alshaikhi, T., Abugohar, M., Mohana. T. &amp; Mustfa, T. (2023). The Effects of Blended Learning on First-Year Arab University Students` Oral Production, <em>World Journal of English Language<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>(8), 146-157.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alibrahim, A. (2024). E-Learning After Pandemic from Perspective of Digital Skills Teachers, <em>Journal of Education and Learning<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>(2), 1-14.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Mekhlafi, A., Zaneldin, E., Ahmed, W., Kazim, H. &amp; Jadhav, M. (2025). 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Q&amp;A: <em>How UNESSCO is driving digital learning and the transformation of<\/em> <em>education<\/em>, unesco.org, 11\/04\/2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16945","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17047,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16945\/revisions\/17047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}