{"id":16943,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:43","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-14\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T03:14:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T03:14:08","slug":"7-6-14","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-14\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 14"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0634\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u062c\u0644\u0629<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Shehnaz12@walla.co.il<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Shahnaz Youssef Anis Hajla\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 PhD Student in the Learning and Teaching Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Shehnaz12@walla.co.il<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/14' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/14<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 211 - 235<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-14.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Y. A.. (2026). The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hajla Shahnaz Youssef Anis. 2026. \\&quot;The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Hajla S. Y. A.. 2026. The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-21]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-14\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Hajla S. Y. A.. The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Hajla S. Y. A., \\&quot;The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hajla Shahnaz Youssef Anis. \\&quot;The Role of Educational Curricula in Strengthening Arab Identity and Culture in Israel from the Teachers\u2019 Perspective.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062d\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634. \u064a. \u0623. 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2026-06-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/14&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \"\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a\"\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to examine the role of educational curricula in promoting and reinforcing Arab identity and culture in Arab schools in Israel from teachers\u2019 perspectives. It also seeks to explore teachers\u2019 awareness of their educational role in shaping students\u2019 identity and how they address issues of national identity education within the constraints of officially mandated curricula. The research problem stems from a noticeable gap between the declared educational objectives of the curricula and their actual content, which tends to marginalize Arab cultural and identity components. The study employed a descriptive qualitative research approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews conducted with a purposive sample of ten teachers from various disciplines, including Arabic language, history, geography, and civics. Data were analyzed using content analysis to identify key themes and patterns. The findings reveal that the current curricula do not effectively contribute to strengthening Arab identity; rather, they often marginalize and weaken its cultural and historical presence, reflecting broader official educational policies. Additionally, the results indicate that teachers experience a sense of duality between adhering to official curricular requirements and maintaining their own cultural and national identity. This tension leads some teachers to adopt a \u201cculture of silence,\u201d while others attempt to create a balance through limited individual initiatives. The study concludes that educational curricula play a critical role in shaping students\u2019 identities. It highlights the urgent need to develop alternative educational programs and to empower teachers to actively support and promote Arab cultural identity, thereby fostering a stronger sense of belonging and historical awareness among students.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Arab Identity, Educational Curricula, Arab Education in Israel, Arab Teachers, Identity Education.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627744\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627773\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627978\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145692529\"><\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a .(Hall, 1996; Castells, 2010) \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Apple, 2004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 .(Al-Haj, 2002)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 .(Banks, 2008) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 .(Gay, 2018) \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 .(Giroux, 1983; Apple, 2004)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 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2022). \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Hall, 1996\u061b(Castells, 2010 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> :\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647 (Tahirsylaj &amp; Sundberg, 2020 ). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 .(Eilam, 2023)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 .(Mengistie &amp; Belay, 2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644: <\/strong>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 .(Al-Haj, 2002)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628:<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 .(Giroux,1988)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong> :\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 Banks, 2008)\u061b (Gay, 2018.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c 2021). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 (\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 (2022) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Erikson,1968)\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0641\u0644 (Tajfel, 1978) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0644 (Hall, 1996) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0644 (Apple,2004) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633(Giroux,1983) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c 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\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\\\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\\\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\\\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0647\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \\\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>49<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>43<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\\\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0647\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Credibility) : <\/strong>\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Transferability) : <\/strong>\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Dependability) : <\/strong>\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Confirmability) : \u0627<\/strong>\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627763\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627792\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627997\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145692548\"><\/a>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"748\" height=\"668\" class=\"wp-image-17026\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-1.png 748w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-1-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-1-13x12.png 13w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627764\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627793\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145627998\"><\/a><a id=\"post-16943-_Toc145692549\"><\/a><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 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\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c 2014)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 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\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c 2022)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 (Banks, 2008) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 (Freire, 1970) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 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&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 (Jackson, 1968) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1056\" height=\"1039\" class=\"wp-image-17027\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2.png 1056w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2-300x295.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2-1024x1008.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2-768x756.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/word-image-16943-2-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1056px) 100vw, 1056px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0625.\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640. (2014). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/em>\u060c 48-79.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu As\u2018ad, I., &amp; Mahamid, H. (2014). The school curriculum and the formation of identity among Palestinian youth in the Arab education system in Israel. <em>Al-Nibras<\/em>, 48\u201379.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0635. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Tahouni, M., &amp; Al-Suwai\u2018i, S. (2021). Educational curricula and their role in consolidating national identity. <em>The Libyan Global Journal<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0640. \u0639. (2013). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Momani, H. A. (2013). The role of the national education curriculum at Al-Balqa Applied University in promoting citizenship values among students from the students\u2019 perspective. Jordan: Al-Balqa Applied University.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645. (2020). <em>\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0639: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amara, M. (2020). <em>My language is my identity: Toward a comprehensive language policy to confront the challenges of the Arabic language in Israel<\/em>. Jordan, Kafr Qara: Dar Al-Fikr; Dar Al-Huda.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628. \u062d. (2013). \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629<\/em>\u060c 77-87.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bawardi, B. H. (2013). Language teaching in Arab schools in Israel. <em>Arabic: A Language in the Eye of the Storm<\/em>, 77\u201387.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0640. \u0645. (2019). <em>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/em>. \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ghanem, H. M. (2019). <em>The impact of Israeli educational curricula on national identity among Palestinians inside Israel<\/em>. Nablus: An-Najah National University.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642.\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645. (2006). <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em>. \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0639: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haj Yahya, Q., &amp; Abu Aita, M. (2006). <em>Studies and research on Palestinian Arab society in Israel<\/em>. Kafr Qara: Dar Al-Huda.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em>\u060c 11-29.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haj Yahya, Q. (2022). Arab Palestinian culture and identity in Israel. <em>Studies in Culture and Identity in Palestinian Arab Society in Israel<\/em>, 11\u201329.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642.\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0646. (2022). \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0642. \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em> (\u0635 \u0635. 245\u2013281). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haj Yahya, Q., &amp; Dasouqi, N. (2022). Challenges of Arab culture in Arab schools in Israel: Hindering and supporting factors. In Q. Haj Yahya, <em>Studies in Culture and Identity in Palestinian Arab Society in Israel<\/em> (pp. 245\u2013281). The Arab Academic Institute for Education, Beit Berl Academic College: Center for Research on Language, Society, and Arab Culture.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642.\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a.\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645. (2022). \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0642. \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em> (\u0635 \u0635. 169\u2013210). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haj Yahya, Q., Hamouda, Y., &amp; Jumhour, M. (2022). The marginalization of Arab culture and heritage in Arab educational curricula in Israel. In Q. Haj Yahya, <em>Studies in Culture and Identity in Palestinian Arab Society in Israel<\/em> (pp. 169\u2013210). Beit Berl Academic College: Center for Research on Language, Society, and Arab Culture.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645. (2008). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em>. \u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0639: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hujairat, M. (2008). <em>The collective identity of members of the Arab minority in the State of Israel<\/em>. Kafr Qara: Dar Al-Huda.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625. \u0639. (2014). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shehadeh, I. A. (2014). <em>The absent ones: A critical reading of Israeli curriculum textbooks in Arab secondary schools<\/em>. Haifa: Taawon Foundation.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e.\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0642. \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em> (\u0635 \u0635. 129\u2013168). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arar, K., &amp; Ibrahim, F. (2022). Education for national identity in Arab schools. In Q. Haj Yahya, <em>Studies in Culture and Identity in Palestinian Arab Society in Israel<\/em> (pp. 129\u2013168). The Arab Academic Institute for Education, Beit Berl Academic College: Center for Research on Language, Society, and Arab Culture.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e.\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0642. (2014). <em>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/em>. \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arar, K., &amp; Haj Yahya, Q. (2014). <em>Internationalization of higher education<\/em>. Beit Berl: Al-Yanbou\u2018 Center.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0635.\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0642. \u062d\u0627\u062c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c <em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/em> (\u0635 \u0635. 283\u2013298). \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arafat, S., &amp; Sarsour, M. (2022). Language, identity, and culture in early childhood. In Q. Haj Yahya, <em>Studies in Culture and Identity in Palestinian Arab Society in Israel<\/em> (pp. 283\u2013298). Beit Berl Academic College: Center for Research on Language, Society, and Arab Culture.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640.\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0623. (2023\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631). \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633<\/em>\u060c 657-716.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mohamed, H., &amp; Abdel Aziz, A. (2023, January). A proposed program based on teaching the value system and self-awareness to develop cultural identity and educational security among students of the Faculty of Education. <em>Journal of Research in Education and Psychology<\/em>, 657\u2013716.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. (2008). <em>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633: \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ministry of Education, Center for Curriculum Planning and Development. (2008). <em>Educational curriculum: Civilization and heritage for Arab schools<\/em>. Jerusalem: Ministry of Education.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2013). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0645. \u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c <em>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Miari, M. (2013). Palestinian Arabs in Israel and the official educational policy toward Arab education. In M. Miari, <em>Arab education curricula in Israel: Critical studies of Arabic language, history, geography, and civics curricula<\/em>. Nazareth: The Arab Pedagogical Council and the Follow-Up Committee on Arab Education Issues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apple, M. W. (2004). <em>Ideology and curriculum<\/em> (3rd ed.). Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Banks, J. A. (2008). <em>An introduction to multicultural education<\/em> (4th ed.). Pearson.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bourdieu, P. (1991). <em>Language and symbolic power<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Castells, M. (2010). <em>The power of identity<\/em> (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cummins, J. (2000). <em>Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire<\/em>. Multilingual Matters.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Erikson, E. H. (1968). <em>Identity: Youth and crisis<\/em>. W. W. Norton &amp; Company.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Giroux, H. A. (1983). <em>Theory and resistance in education: A pedagogy for the opposition<\/em>. Bergin &amp; Garvey.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hall, S. (1996). Who needs identity? In S. Hall &amp; P. du Gay (Eds.), <em>Questions of cultural identity<\/em> (pp. 1\u201317). SAGE Publications.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rouhana, N. N. (1997). <em>Palestinian citizens in an ethnic Jewish state: Identities in conflict<\/em>. Yale University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tajfel, H. 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University of California Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16943","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17045,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16943\/revisions\/17045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}