{"id":16932,"date":"2026-06-01T02:23:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-6-3\/"},"modified":"2026-06-01T02:23:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T02:23:35","slug":"7-6-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-6-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: najah.abdallah@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Najah Al-Abdullah\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Lebanese University, Lebanon.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> najah.abdallah@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/3' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj76\/3<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/3' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/76\/3<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 34 - 47<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-05-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-06-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue6\/7-6-3.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Najah Al-Abdullah. 2026. \\&quot;An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 6. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Abdullah, N.. 2026. An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-06-01. [Cited 2026-06-01]. 7(6). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-3\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Abdullah, N.. An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-06-01; 7(6). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Abdullah, N., \\&quot;An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Najah Al-Abdullah. \\&quot;An Overview of Higher Education in Lebanon.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 6, 2026-06-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646. (2026). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. 2026. \u00ab\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(6). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-06-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-06-01]. 7(6). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-6-3\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj76\\\/3&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to provide an analytical overview of the current state of higher education in Lebanon by tracing its historical emergence and development, examining its institutional and regulatory structure, and highlighting the diversity of its public and private institutions as well as the legal frameworks governing their operation. The study adopts a descriptive analytical approach, relying on relevant legal and regulatory texts, available statistical data, and literature related to higher education. It discusses the role of the state and the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in regulating and monitoring this sector. It also examines student distribution between the public Lebanese University and private higher education institutions, admission and registration systems, tuition fees, quality assurance mechanisms, and international academic accreditation. The study shows that higher education in Lebanon is characterized by institutional diversity and varied educational models; however, it faces major challenges related to the economic crisis, limited funding, deteriorating infrastructure, migration of academic and administrative competencies, and the absence of an integrated national quality assurance system. The study concludes with the need to develop curricula and align them with labor market needs, enhance the quality of education and scientific research, improve infrastructure, activate internal quality assurance systems, and attract qualified academic staff and distinguished students from Lebanon and abroad, thereby preserving the academic standing of Lebanese higher education locally, regionally, and internationally.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Higher education, Lebanon, public and private institutions, quality assurance, academic challenges.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16932","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16932"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16932\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}