{"id":16626,"date":"2026-05-01T09:04:44","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:04:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-5-52\/"},"modified":"2026-05-01T09:11:52","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:11:52","slug":"7-5-52","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-5-52\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 52"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631 2003<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Hassan Abdelrahman Ismail\u00b9, Prof. Dr. Mohammed Dakhil Karim Al-Saadi\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 University of Al-Hamdaniya, College of Education for Humanities, Department of History, Iraq.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/52' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/52<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (5). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 913 - 934<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-52.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A., Al-Saadi M. D. K.. (2026). The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ismail Hassan Abdelrahman, Al-Saadi Mohammed Dakhil Karim. 2026. \\&quot;The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ismail H. A., Al-Saadi M. D. K.. 2026. The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-01]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-52\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ismail H. A., Al-Saadi M. D. K.. The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ismail H. A., Al-Saadi M. D. K., \\&quot;The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ismail Hassan Abdelrahman, Al-Saadi Mohammed Dakhil Karim. \\&quot;The Internal Causes of the Outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/52&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d. \u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645. \u062f. \u0643. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the main factors that led to the outbreak of the Darfur Crisis in 2003 by examining the natural and climatic, social, administrative and political, as well as economic dimensions, as these interconnected factors constituted the fundamental basis for the eruption of the conflict.\r\nWith regard to the natural and climatic factors, the Darfur region witnessed significant environmental deterioration as a result of waves of desertification, drought, and fluctuating rainfall patterns, which led to the depletion of natural resources, particularly water, pastures, and agricultural land, thereby intensifying competition among the local population. From a social perspective, tribal tensions among the people of Darfur, increased friction between settled tribes and nomadic groups, in addition to the weakness of traditional conflict-resolution mechanisms, contributed to widening divisions and escalating tribal conflicts.\r\nConcerning the administrative and political factors, weak governmental institutions, the absence of effective administration, and the marginalization of the region by the central government all fueled feelings of inequality and cultural and ethnic exclusion. At the economic level, the region suffered from the absence of development standards and the neglect of infrastructure and investments, which in turn resulted in rising rates of poverty and unemployment, while increasing pressure on the region\u2019s limited resources.\r\nAccordingly, it becomes evident that the Darfur Crisis was the outcome of a complex interaction among these combined causes rather than the result of a single factor. These conditions ultimately led to the outbreak of the crisis in the Sudanese region of Darfur in 2003, pushing the region into a crisis and civil war whose consequences continue to this day.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Rainfall, Hawakir, Marginalization, Cultural Exclusion, Tribal Conflicts, Armed Robbery.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16626","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16626"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16652,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16626\/revisions\/16652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}