{"id":16615,"date":"2026-05-01T09:04:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T09:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/7-5-41\/"},"modified":"2026-05-02T20:33:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-02T20:33:44","slug":"7-5-41","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-5-41\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 41"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: reem75.rd@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Reem Dhiab\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'>\u00b9 An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> reem75.rd@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (5). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 757 - 781<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-41.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Dhiab Reem. 2026. \\&quot;Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R.. 2026. Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-21]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-41\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R.. Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Dhiab R., \\&quot;Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Dhiab Reem. \\&quot;Construction and standardization a scale of written expression skills in Hebrew as a foreign language for Arab high school students in the northern region within the Green Line.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/41&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0631. 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (0.949)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.885) \u0648 (0.951). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> The present study aimed to develop a scale for assessing Hebrew written expression skills among Arab secondary school students inside the Green Line. Using a descriptive design, the scale was administered to a purposive sample of 30 twelfth-grade students from an Arab secondary school in northern Israel. In its final form, the scale included 40 items distributed across eight domains representing key aspects of written expression. Content validity was examined through expert review, while construct-related evidence was assessed through the correlations between each item and the total score of the domain to which it belonged. Reliability was examined using Cronbach\u2019s alpha. The findings showed that the scale demonstrated acceptable content validity. The corrected item\u2013domain correlations were all positive and ranged from strong to very strong, indicating that the items were well aligned with their intended domains. Reliability results also indicated a high level of internal consistency, with a Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficient of 0.949 for the overall scale and values ranging from 0.885 to 0.951 across the subdomains. Overall, the findings suggest that the scale provides adequate evidence of validity and reliability and may serve as a supportive tool for evaluating written performance and identifying areas of strength and weakness among Arab secondary school students. Further research is needed to examine the scale with larger samples and across different educational contexts.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Scale standardization, written expression skills, writing in a second language.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b 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\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a (Migacheva&amp; Li, 2025). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0645\u0627 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 2015).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c 2010).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity)<\/strong>: \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b (NCME,2014 &amp; AERA, APA).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability): <\/strong>\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 (DeVellis, 2016).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627) \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c 2018\u061b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c 2010). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Pollio, 2017). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Tardy, 2025; Moore, 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.2 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 &#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Process Writing)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 (Hyland, 2015). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Tabari, 2022; Tabari&amp; Golparvar, 2024) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Vandermeulen et al., 2024; Knouzi, 2023) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Barrot&amp; Agdeppa, 2021; Hosen et al., 2012) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 (Automation) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Weigle, 2002).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Vandermeulen et al., 2024; Weigle, 2002) \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0635 \u0630\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.4 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Spolsky&amp; Shohamy, 1999; Amara, 2018). \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Migacheva&amp; Li, 2025 Manor&amp; Watad, 2024;) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Manor&amp; Watad, 2024; Shohamy, 2006).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Schiff&amp; Ravid, 2004; Ravid, 2001). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Saiegh-Haddad, 2003 Abu-Rabia&amp; Siegel, 2003;) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Manor&amp; Watad, 2024; Migaheva&amp; Li, 2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.6 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (DeVellis, 2017; Weigle, 2002) \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 (DeVellis, 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.2 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (176) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.3 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 (30) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 (DeVellis, 2016).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.4 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (8) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: (5= \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u060c 4= \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u060c3 = \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c 2= \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u060c 1= \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633: <\/strong>\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633: <\/strong>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 (Hyland, 2015; Weigle, 2002). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a (Weigle, 2002; Barrot&amp; Agdeppa, 2021) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Abu-Rabiah, 2024; Abu-Rabiah, 2025) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a (Schiff&amp; Ravid, 2004; Ravid, 2001) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Weigle, 2002). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a (Vandermeulen et al., 2024; Weigle, 2002) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a (Hyland, 2015). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Manor &amp; Watad, 2024; Abu-Rabiah et al. 2023).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.2 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633: <\/strong>\u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 (Allen&amp; Yen, 2002).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.3 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649: <\/strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.4 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.5 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633: <\/strong>\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.5.6 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00a0 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Tavakol&amp; Dennick, 2011; DeVellis, 2016;).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.6 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.\u00a0 \u00a0\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.1 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u061f\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 (40) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (8) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (5) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0623).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5-1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6-10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>15-11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20-16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25-21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30-26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35-31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40-36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.2 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 (5) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.2.1 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1-5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.784 &#8211; **0.911<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6-10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.615 &#8211; **0.897<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11-15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.644 &#8211; **0.799<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16-20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.766 &#8211; **0.938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21-25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.708 &#8211; **0.869<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26-30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.621 &#8211; **0.804<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31-35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.791 &#8211; **0.874<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36-40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>**0.783 &#8211; **0.865<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">** \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (0.01)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.615) \u0648 (0.938)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.3 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.3.1 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): <strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1-5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6-10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.909<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11-15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.885<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>16-20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.951<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21-25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.925<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>26-30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.893<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31-35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.938<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36-40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.935<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.949<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (0.949)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641.\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.885) \u0648 (0.951)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>5.3.2 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u03b1=0.951)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 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\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646. (2015). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 42(2)\u060c 499-505.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu Hamour, B., Matar, J., &amp; Al-Hamouz, H. (2015). An exploratory study for standardizing the Arabic version of the Woodcock-Johnson cognitive and achievement tests in Jordan. Journal of Educational Sciences, 42(2), 499\u2013505.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645. (2023). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (PEEL) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1\u060c 613-632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bani Omar, K. (2023). The effect of the PEEL writing strategy on the achievement of tenth-grade students in written expression. Mu\u2019tah Journal for Humanities and Social Studies, 1, 613\u2013632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdel Bari, M. (2010). Writing skills: From origin to teaching (1st ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing, Distribution and Printing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0628. (2018). \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 217-285.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Atta, I. (2018). How writing skill is addressed in some foreign language teaching series. Journal of Academic Education in Egypt, The American University in Cairo, 217\u2013285.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2000). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a: \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allam, S. M. (2000). Educational and psychological measurement and evaluation: Its foundations, applications, and contemporary trends. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi for Printing and Publishing.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Gweder, A. &amp; Siegel, L. (2023). The Challenges of Writing Arab-Bedouin Students between Literary Arabic and Hebrew as a Second Language, <em>Journal of<\/em> <em>Namibian Studies History Politics Culture<\/em>, <em>34<\/em>, 769-787.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Rabiah, E. (2020). Lexical measures for testing progress in Hebrew as Arab students&#8217; L2, <em>Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies<\/em>, <em>16<\/em>(3), 1096-1114.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Rabiah, E. (2024). Exploring Lexical Sophistication in Second Language: An Analysis of Vocabulary Using a Word \u2013 Rating Method, <em>Theory Practice of Second<\/em> <em>Language Acquisition<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(2), 1-24.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Rabiah, E. (2025). The Productive Vocabulary Size of Second Language Learners upon Entry into Higher Education, <em>Theory Practice of Second Language<\/em> <em>Acquisition<\/em>, <em>11<\/em>(1), 1-19.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Rabiah, E., Gafter, R. &amp; Henkin, R. (2023). Where syntactic interference persists: the case of Hebrew written by native Arabic speakers, <em>L1- Educational<\/em> <em>Studies in Language and Literature<\/em>, <em>23<\/em>(1), 1-19.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Rabiah, S. &amp; Siegel, L. (2003). Reading skills in three orthographies: The case of trilingual Arabic \u2013 Hebrew \u2013 English \u2013 Speaking Arab children, <em>Reading and writing<\/em>, <em>16<\/em>, 611-634.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">AERA, APA &amp; NCME. (2014). <em>Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing<\/em>,<em> American Educational Research Association<\/em>, Eric Number: ED565876.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Allen, M. &amp; Yen, W. (2002). <em>Introduction to measurement theory<\/em>, Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, ISBN: 9781577662303.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amara, M. (2018). Palestinian schools-capes in Israel, <em>Asian-Pacific of Second and<\/em> <em>Foreign Language Education<\/em>, <em>3<\/em>(7), 1-18.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An, H. &amp; Li, S. (2024). Task \u2013 specific writing anxiety and self \u2013 efficacy are separate from general L2 writing anxiety and self \u2013 efficacy and they have differential associations with the effects of written corrective feedback in pre \u2013 task and within \u2013 task planning, <em>System Journal<\/em>, <em>126<\/em>, 1-21.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Barrot, J. &amp; Agdeppa, J. (2021). Complexity accuracy and fluency as indices of college\u2013level L2 writers` proficiency, <em>Assessing Writing<\/em>, <em>47<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bouwer, R., Lesterhuis, M., Smedt, F., Keer, H. &amp; Maeyer, S. (2024). Comparative approaches to the assessment of writing: Reliability and validity of benchmark rating and comparative judgment, <em>Journal of Writing Research<\/em>, <em>15<\/em>(3).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chan, M. (2024). Learning to Read in Hebrew and Arabic: Challenges and Pedagogical Approaches, <em>education sciences<\/em>, 14(7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">DeVellis, R. (2016). <em>Scale development: Theory and application<\/em> (4<sup>th<\/sup>Edition), SAGE Publications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Harch, C., Kaval, V., Kanistra, P. &amp; Osario, X. (2024). Validating an integrated reading\u2013into\u2013writing scale with trained university students, <em>Assessing Writing<\/em>, <em>62<\/em>, 1-29.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haskel-Shaham, I., Klaus, A. &amp; Tamir, R. (2018). Discourse\u2013Yes, Grammar\u2013No, Influence of Arabic mother tongue on Arab students` writing in Hebrew, L1-<em>Educational Studies in language<\/em> <em>and literature<\/em>, <em>18<\/em>(1), 1-26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Henkin, R. (2020). Persistence of Interference from L1 Arabic in Written Hebrew, <em>L1- Educational<\/em> <em>Studies in Language and Literature<\/em>, <em>20<\/em>(1), 1-31.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hosen, A., Kuiken, F. &amp; Vedder, I. (2012). <em>Dimensions of L2 Performance and Proficiency: Complexity accuracy and fluency in SLA<\/em>, Language Learning &amp; amp: language teaching.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hyland, K. (2015). <em>Teaching and Researching Writing<\/em>, eBook ISBN: 9781315717203.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jabara, N. (2025). How Do Hebrew language barriers affect the academic experience and success of Arab students in higher education in Israel? <em>European Journal of<\/em> <em>Management and Marketing Studies<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(2), 230-248.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Knouzi, I. (2023). The Cognitive Processes of Writing Responding to an Integrated Argumentative Writing Task, <em>TESL Canada Journal<\/em>, <em>40<\/em>(1), 61-80.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manor, R. &amp; Binhas, A. (2022). Teaching Hebrew as a second language in Arab schools in Israel \u2013 Policy and identity politics, <em>language problems and language planning<\/em>, <em>47<\/em>(1), 49-71.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manor, R. (2016). The quality of Second\u2013Language Writing (Hebrew) among Arab students in Israel, <em>Multilingual Education<\/em>, <em>6<\/em>(2), 1-16.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manor, R. &amp; Watad, A. (2024). The complexity of teaching Hebrew in Israel&#8217;s Arab school system, <em>Language Teaching<\/em>, <em>58<\/em>(1), 14-26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Migacheva, K. &amp; Li, J. (2025). To Improve Hebrew Proficiency Among Arab in Israel\u2013Make it Worthwhile, <em>RAND\u2013Research &amp; Commentary<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moore, T. (2019). Developing critical thinking strategies in EAP programs, part of the Cambridge papers in ELT series, Cambridge: <em>Cambridge University Press<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plakans, L. &amp; Lee, K. (2025). Fairness, justice, and criticality: Reviewing second language writing assessment, CAMBRIDGE University Press-<em>Language Teaching<\/em>, <em>59<\/em>, 1-28.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pollio, C. (2017). Second language writing development: A research agenda, <em>Cambridge University Press \u2013<\/em> <em>Language Teaching<\/em>, <em>50<\/em>(2).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ravid, D. (2001). Learning to spell in Hebrew: Phonological and morphological factors, <em>Reading and Writing,<\/em> <em>14<\/em>, 459-485.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saffuri, R. (2025). Arab and Jewish Education System in Israel: Differences, Disparities, and Challenges \u2013 A Comparative Review of Structure, Funding, and Outcomes in Local Authorities, <em>SEA-Practical Application of Science<\/em>, 13(39), 159-168.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saiegh-Hadad, E. (2003). Linguistic distance and initial reading acquisition: The case of Arabic diglossia, <em>Applied Psycholinguistics<\/em>, 24(3), pp. 431-451.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Schiff, R. &amp; Ravid, D. (2004). Vowel representation in written Hebrew: Phonological, orthographic, and morphological context. <em>Reading and writing<\/em>, v.17, pp. 241-265.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spolsky, B. &amp; Shohamy, E. (1999). <em>The Languages of Israel Policy,<\/em> <em>Ideology, and<\/em> <em>Practice<\/em>, Multilingual Matters LTD.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tabari, M. &amp; Golparvar, S. (2024). The role of planning cognitive processing during L2 writing, <em>International Journal of Applied Linguistics<\/em>, <em>35<\/em>(3), 1069-1085.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tabari, M. (2022). Investigating the interaction between L2 writing processes and products under different task planning time conditions, <em>Elsevier-Journal of Second<\/em> <em>Language Writing<\/em>, V.55.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tannenbaum, M., Michalovich, A. &amp; Shohamy, E. (2020). Toward a New Multilingual Educational Policy in Israel: Attitudes and Perceptions of Teachers and Students, <em>The<\/em> <em>Modern Language Journal<\/em>, 104(3), 581-600.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tardy, C. (2025). Teaching second language academic writing, <em>Cambridge University<\/em> <em>Press<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tavakol, M. &amp; Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of cronbach`s alpha, <em>International<\/em> <em>Journal of Medical Education<\/em>, 27(2), 53-55.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taye, T. &amp; Mengesha, M. (2024). Identifying and analyzing common English writing challenge among regular undergraduate students, <em>Heliyon journal<\/em>, <em>10<\/em>(17).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vandermeulen, N., Lindgren, E., Waldmann, C. &amp; Levlin, M. (2024). Getting a grip on the writing process: (Effective) approaches to write argumentative and narrative texts in L1 and L2, <em>Journal of Second Language Writing<\/em>, <em>65<\/em>, 1-16.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Weigle, S. (2002). <em>Assessing Writing<\/em>, Cambridge University Press. Publication: 2010, eBook ISBN: 9780521784467.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Zou, S., Yan, X., &amp; Fan, J. (2024). Establishing analytic score profiles for large-scale L2 writing assessment: The case of the CET-4 writing test, <em>Assessing Writing<\/em>, <em>60<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0623): \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 (5 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637):<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(1)\u00a0 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u05d3\u05e7\u05d3\u05d5\u05e7) (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 1\u20135)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(2)\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 6\u201310)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(3)\u00a0 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 11\u201315)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(4)\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 16\u201320)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(5) \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 21\u201325)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(6) \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 26\u201330)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(7)\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 31\u201335)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 (\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\/\u0634\u0631\u062d\/\u0648\u0635\u0641).<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0630\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0(8) \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645) (\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 36\u201340)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16615","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16615"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16750,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16615\/revisions\/16750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}