{"id":16596,"date":"2026-05-01T08:46:29","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16596"},"modified":"2026-05-01T08:46:31","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T08:46:31","slug":"7-5-31","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-5-31\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Nabil Abdo Othman Al-Halmi\u00b9<\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Rabat-Souissi, Mohammed V University, Kingdom of Morocco.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/31' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj75\/31<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/31' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/75\/31<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (5). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 569 - 589<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-04-22 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-05-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue5\/7-5-31.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_16591'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Nabil Abdo Othman Al-Halmi\u00b9&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-31\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-05-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi N. A. O.. (2026). The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi Nabil Abdo Othman. 2026. \\&quot;The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 5. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi N. A. O.. 2026. The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-05-01. [Cited 2026-05-01]. 7(5). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-31\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi N. A. O.. The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-05-01; 7(5). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi N. A. O., \\&quot;The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Halmi Nabil Abdo Othman. \\&quot;The Adequacy of Deterrent Legal Measures against Diplomatic Envoys in Cases of Abuse of Immunity under International Law to Safeguard the Rights of the Receiving State.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, 2026-05-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646. \u0639. \u0639. (2026). \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(5). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646. \u0639. \u0639. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-05-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-05-01]. 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/7-5-31\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646. \u0639. \u0639. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-05-01\u061b 7(5). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646. \u0639. \u0639. \u00ab\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0646. \u00ab\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 5\u060c 2026-05-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj75\\\/31&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1961\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the adequacy of the deterrent legal measures provided by international law in addressing cases where diplomatic envoys abuse jurisdictional immunity, in light of the delicate balance between the requirements of diplomatic work and the right of the receiving state to protect its sovereignty, security, and public order. The study proceeds from a central research problem: To what extent has international law contributed to achieving a balance between the jurisdictional immunity of diplomats and the rights of the receiving state? To answer this question, the study adopts a legal analytical approach based on examining the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, particularly those concerning the declaration of a diplomat as persona non grata, the determination of the size of the diplomatic mission, and the severance of diplomatic relations, while also drawing on selected international practices and precedents.\r\nThe study concludes that international law has established a set of legal and political mechanisms that enable the receiving state to confront the abuse of diplomatic immunities. The most prominent of these mechanisms are declaring the diplomatic envoy persona non grata, reducing the number of members of the diplomatic mission, and severing diplomatic relations as a last and exceptional measure. However, the effectiveness of these procedures remains relative, as they are influenced by political and diplomatic considerations, foremost among them the principle of reciprocity and the concern over the deterioration of bilateral relations between states. The study further shows that although these mechanisms are legitimate, they are not always sufficient to achieve full deterrence, especially in cases where the sending state refrains from prosecuting its envoy or waiving immunity. The study recommends developing clearer and more effective international rules to ensure that diplomatic immunity does not become a means of escaping accountability, while at the same time preserving its essential function of enabling diplomatic work to be carried out independently and safely.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Diplomatic immunity, Vienna Convention, receiving state, persona non grata, severance of diplomatic relations, international law.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16596","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16596"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16597,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16596\/revisions\/16597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}