{"id":1654,"date":"2021-09-30T18:39:34","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T18:39:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=1654"},"modified":"2021-09-30T18:49:18","modified_gmt":"2021-09-30T18:49:18","slug":"2-10-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/2-10-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-\u0623\u062b\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643-\u0635\u0648\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646-\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629-\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.pdf\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645. \u0645. \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0644\u064a<sup>1<\/sup> \u0645. \u0645. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: muatazh.raheem@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aliz.alsharmani@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p>\n<p>HNSJ, 2021, 2(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj2102<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 01\/10\/2021\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644: 05\/09\/2021\u0645<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629(Moral courage) \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 ( <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629, \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f , \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong>)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 (employee voice behavior)<strong> \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (Smart PLS) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 (298) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 (290) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 (6) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (284) \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (SPSSVR.23).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong> \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641) \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 (\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a id=\"post-1654-GrindEQpgref5f741fe61\"><\/a><strong>Research Article <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The effect of moral courage in developing the employees\u2019 voice behavior An applied study in Al- Sader Teaching Hospital in Najaf<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Moataz Hamid Rahim El Khazaali<sup> 1<\/sup> Ali Zidan Finjan Al-Sharmani<sup> 2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>1 <\/sup>College of Administration and Economics &#8211; University of Kufa<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Email: muatazh.raheem@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>2 <\/sup>College of Basic Education &#8211; University of Kufa<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Email: aliz.alsharmani@uokufa.edu.iq<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">HNSJ, 2021, 2(9); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj2102<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Published at 01\/10\/2021 Accepted at 05\/09\/2021 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Purpose: <\/strong>The current research seeks to show the impact of the independent variable, moral courage, with its five dimensions (moral action, multiple values, endurance of threat, transcend idealism, moral goal), on the dependent variable the employee&#8217;s voice behavior in its dimensions (the reinforcement voice, and the prohibited voice).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Methodology\/Design: <\/strong>The research problem was formulated, according to a set of questions according to the relationship between the study variables, on which the objectives of the study were determined and represented by the hypothetical scheme. The hypotheses that were measured by the developed statistical program (Smart PLS) were formulated and the sample was random. The retrieved (290) and excluded (6) are not valid for statistical analysis, which were subjected to statistical analysis (284) and several statistical tests were used to process the data, including Alpha Kornbach&#8217;s test, the weighted arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and regression analysis using the statistical program (SPSSVR.23).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>The importance of the research:<\/strong> The importance of the current research emerges from the limited studies that dealt with the relationship between the variables (moral courage and employee voice behavior), as well as the attempt of the current research to study and address a real problem that directly affects the working individuals and society in the environment of (Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Najaf) the study sample.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results:<\/strong> The research reached cognitive and applied conclusions, and the most important finding is (the employee&#8217;s voice behavior helps encourage employees to make suggestions, and increase activities and ideas that help leaders achieve organizational goals). It also came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which the researchers suggest to the organization under study (setting rules and regulations that help to establish the principle of moral courage in the organization and make it a guide for ethical behavior).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>moral courage, employee voice behavior, moral factor, multiple values, carrying a threat, transcending idealism.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635(Ng, Van Dyne, &amp; Ang, 2019:1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 ((Comer &amp; Sekerka, 2018\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 <a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK8\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK9\"><\/a>Kidder ,2005:2)).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. (Dal Cason, &amp; Hellemans, 2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK44\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK45\"><\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 &#8220;\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 (Comer &amp; Sekerka ,2018)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. (Mansur Sobral, &amp; Islam, 2020) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 (Ng and Feldman,2012)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (Hung et al. ,2012).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631(Danger) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (Gao et al.,2011)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646<a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK39\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK38\"><\/a> (Cheng Nudelman, &amp; Ma, J. ,2020:3)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 (Numminen &amp; Leino-Kilpi, 2017)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Mansur Sobral, &amp; Islam,2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0636)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 (McCabe &amp; Lewin\u060c 1992).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-_Toc3846558\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0626\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-_Toc3846559\"><\/a>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0649<strong>: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1) : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2) : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (3) : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (4) : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (5) : \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-_Toc3846560\"><\/a>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (Connor,2017) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c Farh, &amp; Farh,2012)) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648 (\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644(1) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"490\" class=\"wp-image-1678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/c-users-orbit-onedrive-desktop-photo_-_-2.jpeg\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\Orbit\\OneDrive\\Desktop\\photo_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0666-\u0662\u0666_\u0661\u0667-\u0664\u0667-\u0663\u0664.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/c-users-orbit-onedrive-desktop-photo_-_-2.jpeg 727w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/c-users-orbit-onedrive-desktop-photo_-_-2-300x202.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/c-users-orbit-onedrive-desktop-photo_-_-2-18x12.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/c-users-orbit-onedrive-desktop-photo_-_-2-600x404.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 (298) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 (290) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 (6) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a(284) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (Murray,2010:2). \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. (Martinez, &amp; Lehmann, 2016:1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (Reingold &amp; Baratz,2020:2)\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 (<a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK12\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK13\"><\/a>Kidder, 2005: 7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629 (Mostafa, 2019:4).<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Hannah et al.,2013:581)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0649(\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"629\" height=\"451\" class=\"wp-image-1679\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-2.jpeg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-2.jpeg 629w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-2-300x215.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-2-18x12.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-2-600x430.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 629px) 100vw, 629px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Source: Batson, C. D. (1998). Altruism and prosocial behavior. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske &amp; G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed..,Vol. 2, pp. 282\u2013316). New York: McGraw Hill\/Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1- \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 Moral agency))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (Sekerka et al., 2009:568)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629(Simola, S. 2018:172)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 <\/strong><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK10\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK11\"><\/a><strong>((Multiple Values<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK6\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK7\"><\/a> (Connor, 2017:3)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 ( 9:Rokeach ,1977)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Sekerka &amp; Charnigo, 2009:8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3- \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f <\/strong><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK14\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK15\"><\/a><strong>(Endures Threat)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Sweeney &amp; Lester,2007)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627(Goud, N. H.: 2005:12).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4- \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Goes Beyond <\/strong><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK21\"><\/a><strong>Compliance)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (Mansur, Sobral &amp; Islam, 2020:23)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>5- \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a ((Moral Goal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 .(Connor, 2017:3)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a (Sekerka &amp; Charnigo, 2009:8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 (Goud, N. H.: 2005:13).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 (Employee voice behavior)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (88:Benson, 2000)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 (Cheng Nudelman, &amp; Ma, J. ,2020:3) \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK40\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK41\"><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u064f\u062f \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. Hon et al., 2013:418))<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 (Morrison, 2011:214) \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d Van Dyne &amp; LePine,1998:54)) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 ( Wilkinson et al,2004:366) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (Ng and Feldman,2012)\u060c (Wang et al.,2014)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morrison, 2014))\u060c (Son, S.,2019:2):<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (LePine, &amp; Van Dyne, 2001) \u060c (Tangirala, &amp; Parke, 2013:7) \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 Farh, &amp; Farh,2012)) \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Stamper &amp; Van Dyne,2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2- \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 Prohibitive voice<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 (Tangirala, &amp; Parke, 2013:2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b .<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (3.667) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 (3) \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (3.255) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (0.734) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (0.73) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"20\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 MC<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>A1<\/td>\n<td>3.452<\/td>\n<td>0.984<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A2<\/td>\n<td>3.742<\/td>\n<td>0.785<\/td>\n<td>0.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A3<\/td>\n<td>3.254<\/td>\n<td>0.802<\/td>\n<td>0.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.541<\/td>\n<td>0.785<\/td>\n<td>0.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>V1<\/td>\n<td>3.781<\/td>\n<td>0.865<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V2<\/td>\n<td>3.854<\/td>\n<td>0.601<\/td>\n<td>0.77<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V3<\/td>\n<td>3.442<\/td>\n<td>1.353<\/td>\n<td>0.68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.527<\/td>\n<td>0.892<\/td>\n<td>0.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>T1<\/td>\n<td>3.255<\/td>\n<td>0.884<\/td>\n<td>0.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T2<\/td>\n<td>3.748<\/td>\n<td>1.087<\/td>\n<td>0.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T3<\/td>\n<td>3.954<\/td>\n<td>0.954<\/td>\n<td>0.79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.785<\/td>\n<td>0.897<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>C1<\/td>\n<td>3.465<\/td>\n<td>0.931<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C2<\/td>\n<td>3.546<\/td>\n<td>0.711<\/td>\n<td>0.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C3<\/td>\n<td>3.691<\/td>\n<td>0.919<\/td>\n<td>0.73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.931<\/td>\n<td>0.708<\/td>\n<td>0.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>G1<\/td>\n<td>3.487<\/td>\n<td>0.963<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G2<\/td>\n<td>3.419<\/td>\n<td>0.621<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G3<\/td>\n<td>3.889<\/td>\n<td>0.821<\/td>\n<td>0.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.757<\/td>\n<td>0.868<\/td>\n<td>0.65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>3.667<\/td>\n<td>0.734<\/td>\n<td>0.73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (3.621) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 (3) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (0.961) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (0.72 ) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"12\">\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 EV<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/td>\n<td>P1<\/td>\n<td>3.412<\/td>\n<td>0.735<\/td>\n<td>0.68<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P2<\/td>\n<td>3.021<\/td>\n<td>0.925<\/td>\n<td>0.60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P3<\/td>\n<td>3.987<\/td>\n<td>0.826<\/td>\n<td>0.79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P4<\/td>\n<td>3.475<\/td>\n<td>0.654<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P5<\/td>\n<td>3.782<\/td>\n<td>0.965<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.654<\/td>\n<td>3.651<\/td>\n<td>0.73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>Pr1<\/td>\n<td>3.692<\/td>\n<td>0.782<\/td>\n<td>0.73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr2<\/td>\n<td>3.487<\/td>\n<td>0.955<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr3<\/td>\n<td>3.931<\/td>\n<td>0.829<\/td>\n<td>0.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr4<\/td>\n<td>3.478<\/td>\n<td>0.901<\/td>\n<td>0.69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pr5<\/td>\n<td>3.921<\/td>\n<td>0.831<\/td>\n<td>0.78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/td>\n<td>3.781<\/td>\n<td>0.775<\/td>\n<td>0.75<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>3.621<\/td>\n<td>0.961<\/td>\n<td>0.72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Smart PLS<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"649\" class=\"wp-image-1680\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4.png\" alt=\"E:\\\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\\\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\\\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4.png 774w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4-300x252.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4-768x644.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4-14x12.png 14w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-4-600x503.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>AVE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"16\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>A1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.855<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.748<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.810<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.587<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.808<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>A3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.841<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>V1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.751<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.751<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.858<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.668<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>V2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.792<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>V3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.754<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>T1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.845<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.865<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.917<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.787<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.855<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.856<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>G1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.799<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.812<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.888<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.726<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.825<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.828<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\"><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.860<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.782<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.873<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.697<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.911<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>C3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.889<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e ,\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628)\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u0640(Hair et al.,2014).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 ( \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Smart PLS .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"556\" class=\"wp-image-1681\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-5.png\" alt=\"E:\\\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\\\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\\\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-5.png 567w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-5-300x294.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/e-1-5-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4) \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 )<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629, \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e ,\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0640\u0640(Hair et al.,2014).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>AVE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"11\">\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>P1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.795<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.847<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.891<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.620<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>P2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.762<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>P3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.799<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>P4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.813<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>P5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.768<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"6\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Pr1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.800<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.820<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.875<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\"><strong>0.584<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pr2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.782<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pr3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.829<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pr4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.660<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Pr5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.737<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639) \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 R<sup>2<\/sup> \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631)<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 (<strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645(5).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"702\" height=\"264\" class=\"wp-image-1682\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-4.png 702w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-4-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-4-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-4-600x226.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>VIF<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>t Value<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>p Value<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 f<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>R<sup>2<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>MC \u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.868<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>4.70<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.23<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.250<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.245<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5) \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.245) \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.23) \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a (0.868)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (T) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (4.70) \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"358\" height=\"603\" class=\"wp-image-1683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-5.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-5.png 358w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-5-178x300.png 178w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/word-image-5-7x12.png 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6 ) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>VIF<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>t Value<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>p Value<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 f<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f R<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>R<sup>2<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1-1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>A\u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.501<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.326<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.422<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.016<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.169<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.841<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><strong>0.836<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1-2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>V\u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.847<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.317<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.257<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.022<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.128<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1-3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>T\u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.901<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.354<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.528<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.010<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.153<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1-4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>G\u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.847<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.317<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.257<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.022<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.128<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>H1-5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>C\u2192 EV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>2.901<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>-0.354<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>3.528<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.010<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>0.153<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SmartPLS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">REFERENCES<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ashforth, B., &amp; Lee, R. (1990). Defensive behavior in organizations: A preliminary model. Human Relations, 43, 621\u2013648.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bandura, A. (2002). Selective moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency.\u00a0<em>Journal of moral education<\/em>,\u00a0<em>31<\/em>(2), 101-119.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK36\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK37\"><\/a> Cheng, Y., Nudelman, G., Otto, K., &amp; Ma, J. (2020). Belief in a Just World and Employee Voice Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Perceived Efficacy and Risk.\u00a0<em>The Journal of Psychology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>154<\/em>(2), 129-143.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Comer, D. R., &amp; Sekerka, L. E. (2018). Keep calm and carry on (ethically): Durable moral courage in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 116\u2013130.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Connor, J. (2017). Psychometric Evaluation of the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) Scale in a Nurse Executive Population.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK19\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK22\"><\/a> Dal Cason, D., Casini, A., &amp; Hellemans, C. (2020). Moral Courage Fostering Bystander Intervention Against Workplace Bullying: Findings from an Exploratory Study with a Video-Vignette Procedure.\u00a0<em>International Journal of Bullying Prevention<\/em>,\u00a0<em>2<\/em>(1), 53-64.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dimotakis, N. and Doty, J. (2013), \u201c Joint in \ufb02 uences of individual and work unit abusive supervision on ethical intentions and behaviors: a moderated mediation model \u201d , Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 98 No. 4, pp. 579-592.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dundon, T., Wilkinson, A., Marchington, M. &amp; Ackers, P. (2004). \u2018The Meaning and Purpose of Employee Voice\u2019. International Journal of Human Resource Management 15(6): 1149-70.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., &amp; Walumbwa, F. O. (2011). Relationships between authentic leadership, moral courage, and ethical and pro-social behaviors. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(4), 555-578.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hair, J. (2014).\u00a0A primer on partial least squares structural equations modeling (PLS-SEM. Los Angeles: SAGE.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hannah, S.T., Schaubroeck, J.M., Peng, A.C., Lord, R.G., Trevino, L.K., Kozlowski, S.W.J., Avolio, B.J.,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hirschman\u2019s (1970) notion of voice being \u201cactive.\u201d<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hon, A.H., Chan, W.W., Lu, L., 2013. Overcoming work-related stress and promoting employee creativity in hotel industry: the role of task feedback from supervisor. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. 33, 416\u2013424<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kassing, J. W. (2011). Dissent in organizations. Cambridge, United King-dom: Polity Press.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kidder, R. (2005). Moral Courage. New York, NY: W. Morrow.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lachman, V. D. (2010). Strategies necessary for moral courage. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(3), 1-13.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lachman, V. D., Murray, J.S., Iseminger, K., &amp; Ganske, K.M. (2012). Doing the right thing: Pathways to moral courage, American Nurse Today, 7(5), 24-19.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">LePine, J. A., &amp; Van Dyne, L. (2001). Voice and cooperative behavior as contrasting forms of contextual performance: evidence of differential relationships with big five personality characteristics and cognitive ability.\u00a0<em>Journal of applied psychology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>86<\/em>(2), 326.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Liang, J., Farh, C., &amp; Farh, L. (2012). A two-wave examination of the psychological antecedents of voice behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 71\u201392.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK27\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK28\"><\/a> Mansur, J., Sobral, F., &amp; Islam, G. (2020). Leading with moral courage: The interplay of guilt and courage on perceived ethical leadership and group organizational citizenship behaviors.\u00a0Business Ethics: A European Review.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK16\"><\/a><a id=\"post-1654-OLE_LINK17\"><\/a> Martinez, W., Bell, S. K., Etchegaray, J. 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Abusive supervision and moral courage: does moral efficacy matter?.\u00a0<em>PSU Research Review<\/em>.\u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Murray, J. (2010). Moral courage in healthcare: Acting ethically even in the presence of risk. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(3), 1-9.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng, K. Y., Van Dyne, L., &amp; Ang, S. (2019). Speaking out and speaking up in multicultural settings: A two-study examination of cultural intelligence and voice behavior.\u00a0<em>Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes<\/em>,\u00a0<em>151<\/em>, 150-159.\u200f \u200f<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Niesta Kayser, D., Greitemeyer, T., Fischer, P., &amp; Frey, D. (2010). Why mood affects help giving but not moral courage: Two types of prosocial behaviours. 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Academy of Management Review, 28, 622\u2013632.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645. \u0645. \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0639\u0644\u064a1 \u0645. \u0645. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a2 1 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: muatazh.raheem@uokufa.edu.iq 2 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629- \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1654","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1654"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1654\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1685,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1654\/revisions\/1685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}