{"id":16041,"date":"2026-03-01T00:21:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T00:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16041"},"modified":"2026-03-15T18:35:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T18:35:28","slug":"7-3-18","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-3-18\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645-\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: sqrali7@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Saqr Ali Al-Harithi<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> sqrali7@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/18' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/18<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/18' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/18<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 261 - 272<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-12 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-19 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-03-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue3\/7-3-18.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A.. (2026). The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Harithi Saqr Ali. 2026. \\&quot;The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 3. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Harithi S. A.. 2026. The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-03-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(3). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-3-18\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Harithi S. A.. The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-03-01; 7(3). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Harithi S. A., \\&quot;The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Harithi Saqr Ali. \\&quot;The Relationship between Ittib\u0101\u02bf (Following), Ijtih\u0101d, and Taql\u012bd.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026-03-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635. \u0639. (2026). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a. 2026. \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635. \u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-03-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(3). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-3-18\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635. \u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-03-01\u061b 7(3). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635. \u0639. \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 3\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a. \u00ab\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 3\u060c 2026-03-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/18&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select 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\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the concept of Ittib\u0101\u02bf (following) in the discipline of Islamic legal theory (U\u1e63\u016bl al-Fiqh), focusing on its definition and its relationship to both Ijtih\u0101d (independent legal reasoning) and Taql\u012bd (imitation), and clarifying its position between them. The research highlights the need to precisely define this concept in light of Qur\u2019anic and Prophetic exhortations to follow divine revelation and the condemnation of blind imitation, as well as the distinct usage of the term by early scholars. The study adopts a descriptive and inductive methodology by examining relevant scriptural texts and scholarly writings, in addition to a historical analytical approach to trace the development of the concept within the works of legal theorists. The findings reveal a scholarly disagreement regarding the existence of an intermediate rank between Ijtih\u0101d and Taql\u012bd. One group denies such a category and considers following synonymous with imitation, while another affirms an independent intermediate rank\u2014Ittib\u0101\u02bf\u2014defined as adherence based on knowledge of the evidence or recognition of its validity without reaching the full level of independent reasoning. The research further clarifies the conceptual distinctions between the three terms and highlights the jurisprudential, theoretical, and maq\u0101\u1e63id-based implications of affirming Ittib\u0101\u02bf. These include reducing sectarian partisanship, elevating the authority of scriptural texts, and strengthening confidence in legal verdicts grounded in legitimate evidence. The study concludes that Ittib\u0101\u02bf represents a balanced methodological approach that contributes to the renewal of Islamic jurisprudence while maintaining fidelity to authoritative evidence and respect for scholarly tradition.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Ittib\u0101\u02bf, Ijtih\u0101d, Taql\u012bd, Islamic Legal Theory, Legal Evidence.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 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\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u061b \u0641\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a.\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16041-_wn0wy4llz8m4\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16041-_2xnaj8crx7s0\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>: \u200c \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u200c\u062a\u0628\u0639 -\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646-\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0648. \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647 <sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639 <sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u063a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0647\u0652\u062f\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0647\u0652\u062f\u064f: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>). <\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u063a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 <sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649:<strong> \uf05d\u00a0\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\uf05b [\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641: 3]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: <strong>\uf05d<\/strong> <strong>\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0630\u064f\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u063a\u064e\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064c \u0631\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064c \uf05b\uf05b [\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: 31]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a -\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645-\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629(542\u0647) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 &#8220;\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u200c\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621&#8221;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a (1393 \u0647) \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645&#8221;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629(150\u0647) \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647:&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u00a0&#8221; \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629: &#8221; \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u061b \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u0627\u064b &#8220;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f(241\u0647)\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8221; \u200c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \ufdfa \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0631 &#8220;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062f(\u062a390\u0647) \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u200c\u0645\u0627 \u200c\u062b\u0628\u062a \u200c\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0629&#8221;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0664\u0660\u0663 \u0647\u0640):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639: &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 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href=\"#post-16041-footnote-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \ufdfa \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f 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justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 (463\u0647):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644:&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639&#8221;<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-18\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f <sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-19\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u062b\u0645 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href=\"#post-16041-footnote-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 (751\u0647):<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u200c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 &#8221; \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0629 <sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-24\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0639\u0642\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639<sup>&#8220;(<sup><a id=\"post-16041-footnote-ref-37\" href=\"#post-16041-footnote-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>). <\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-16041-_lnagdpg38u17\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f 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\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a: <\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u062d\u062d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">.<strong>2- \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f<\/strong>: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><a id=\"post-16041-_menf0flpe8zd\"><\/a><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u062c\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0645\u0648\u0645: \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0630\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639&#8221; \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3- \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li data-section-id=\"1t4m1pr\" data-start=\"351\" data-end=\"715\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"715\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a (\u062a 792\u0647\u0640). (1985). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u06372). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<br data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"513\" \/>Ibn Abi Al-Izz, Sadr al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ali ibn Muhammad al-Hanafi (d. 792 AH). (1985). <em data-start=\"610\" data-end=\"622\">Al-Ittiba\u2018<\/em>. Edited by: Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Al-Maktab Al-Islami.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1ygyfow\" data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"1037\">\n<p data-start=\"720\" data-end=\"1037\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a (\u062a 456\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br data-start=\"859\" data-end=\"862\" \/>Ibn Hazm, Abu Muhammad Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa\u2018id al-Andalusi (d. 456 AH). <em data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"961\">Al-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam<\/em>. Edited by: Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Afaq Al-Jadidah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"p0icol\" data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1409\">\n<p data-start=\"1042\" data-end=\"1409\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a 631\u0647\u0640\/1233\u0645). (2003). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a.<br data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1206\" \/>Al-Amidi, Abu al-Hasan Sayf al-Din Ali ibn Abi Ali ibn Muhammad (d. 631 AH \/ 1233 CE). (2003). <em data-start=\"1301\" data-end=\"1328\">Al-Ihkam fi Usul al-Ahkam<\/em>. Edited by: Abd al-Razzaq Afifi (1st ed.). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dar Al-Sumai\u2018i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1c07n4o\" data-start=\"1411\" data-end=\"1840\">\n<p data-start=\"1414\" data-end=\"1840\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a (\u062a 1393\u0647\u0640\/1973\u0645). \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<br data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1606\" \/>Al-Shanqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad al-Mukhtar al-Jankani (d. 1393 AH \/ 1973 CE). <em data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1740\">Adwa\u2019 al-Bayan fi Idah al-Qur\u2019an bil-Qur\u2019an<\/em>, with a supplement by Shaykh Atiyyah Muhammad Salim. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"u8b2t1\" data-start=\"1842\" data-end=\"2293\">\n<p data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"2293\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u062a 751\u0647\u0640\/1350\u0645). (1996). \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"2036\" data-end=\"2039\" \/>Ibn al-Qayyim, Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ayyub al-Jawziyyah (d. 751 AH \/ 1350 CE). (1996). <em data-start=\"2156\" data-end=\"2197\">I\u2018lam al-Muwaqqi\u2018in \u2018an Rabb al-\u2018Alamin<\/em>. Edited by: Muhammad Abd al-Salam Ibrahim (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"wsiyu6\" data-start=\"2295\" data-end=\"2719\">\n<p data-start=\"2298\" data-end=\"2719\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u062a 685\u0647\u0640\/1286\u0645). \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 (\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a) (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<br data-start=\"2481\" data-end=\"2484\" \/>Al-Baydawi, Nasir al-Din Abu Sa\u2018id Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Muhammad (d. 685 AH \/ 1286 CE). <em data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2629\">Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta\u2019wil (Tafsir al-Baydawi)<\/em> (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Ihya\u2019 al-Turath al-Arabi &amp; Mu\u2019assasat al-Tarikh al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"zmket7\" data-start=\"2721\" data-end=\"3114\">\n<p data-start=\"2724\" data-end=\"3114\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (\u062a 478\u0647\u0640\/1085\u0645). (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647. \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642: \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0629 (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"2890\" data-end=\"2893\" \/>Al-Juwayni, Abu al-Ma\u2018ali Abd al-Malik ibn Abdullah ibn Yusuf (d. 478 AH \/ 1085 CE). (1997). <em data-start=\"2986\" data-end=\"3013\">Al-Burhan fi Usul al-Fiqh<\/em>. Commentary by: Salah ibn Muhammad ibn Uwaydah (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1ki205c\" data-start=\"3116\" data-end=\"3483\">\n<p data-start=\"3119\" data-end=\"3483\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 (\u062a 403\u0647\u0640\/1013\u0645). (1998). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631). \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0646\u064a\u062f (\u06372). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<br data-start=\"3272\" data-end=\"3275\" \/>Al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Tayyib (d. 403 AH \/ 1013 CE). (1998). <em data-start=\"3352\" data-end=\"3388\">Al-Taqrib wa al-Irshad (al-Saghir)<\/em>. Edited by: Abd al-Hamid ibn Ali Abu Zunayd (2nd ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Mu\u2019assasat Al-Risalah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"724m38\" data-start=\"3485\" data-end=\"3921\">\n<p data-start=\"3488\" data-end=\"3921\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (\u062a 478\u0647\u0640\/1085\u0645). (1996). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3680\" \/>Al-Juwayni, Abu al-Ma\u2018ali Abd al-Malik ibn Abdullah ibn Yusuf (d. 478 AH \/ 1085 CE). (1996). <em data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3801\">Al-Talkhis fi Usul al-Fiqh<\/em>. Edited by: Abdullah Julum al-Nibali &amp; Bashir Ahmad al-Umari (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Basha\u2019ir Al-Islamiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"q882r3\" data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"4335\">\n<p data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"4335\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a (\u062a 463\u0647\u0640\/1071\u0645). (1994). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a.<br data-start=\"4103\" data-end=\"4106\" \/>Ibn Abd al-Barr, Abu Umar Yusuf ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Numari al-Qurtubi (d. 463 AH \/ 1071 CE). (1994). <em data-start=\"4216\" data-end=\"4247\">Jami\u2018 Bayan al-\u2018Ilm wa Fadlih<\/em>. Edited by: Abu al-Ashbal al-Zuhayri (1st ed.). Dammam, Saudi Arabia: Dar Ibn al-Jawzi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"js1q4\" data-start=\"4337\" data-end=\"4671\">\n<p data-start=\"4341\" data-end=\"4671\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a (\u062a 1393\u0647\u0640\/1973\u0645). (1996). \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"4482\" data-end=\"4485\" \/>Al-Shanqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad al-Mukhtar al-Jankani (d. 1393 AH \/ 1973 CE). (1996). <em data-start=\"4582\" data-end=\"4622\">Daf\u2018 Iham al-Idtirab \u2018an Ayat al-Kitab<\/em> (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"17uest1\" data-start=\"4673\" data-end=\"5072\">\n<p data-start=\"4677\" data-end=\"5072\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a (\u062a 1393\u0647\u0640\/1973\u0645). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631. \u062c\u0645\u0639: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a. \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f.<br data-start=\"4839\" data-end=\"4842\" \/>Al-Shanqiti, Muhammad al-Amin ibn Muhammad al-Mukhtar al-Jankani (d. 1393 AH \/ 1973 CE). <em data-start=\"4931\" data-end=\"4987\">Al-\u2018Adhb al-Namir min Majalis al-Shanqiti fi al-Tafsir<\/em>. Compiled by: Khalid ibn Uthman al-Sabt. Makkah, Saudi Arabia: Dar \u2018Alam al-Fawa\u2019id.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"kjndql\" data-start=\"5074\" data-end=\"5503\">\n<p data-start=\"5078\" data-end=\"5503\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a (\u062a 542\u0647\u0640\/1147\u0645). (2001). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u06371). \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"5258\" data-end=\"5261\" \/>Ibn Atiyyah, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq ibn Ghalib al-Andalusi (d. 542 AH \/ 1147 CE). (2001). <em data-start=\"5353\" data-end=\"5402\">Al-Muharrar al-Wajiz fi Tafsir al-Kitab al-Aziz<\/em>. Edited by: Abd al-Salam Abd al-Shafi Muhammad (1st ed.). Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"8yf3nd\" data-start=\"5505\" data-end=\"5919\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"5509\" data-end=\"5919\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a 275\u0647\u0640\/888\u0645). (1999). \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u06371). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"5682\" data-end=\"5685\" \/>Abu Dawud, Sulayman ibn al-Ash\u2018ath al-Sijistani (d. 275 AH \/ 888 CE). (1999). <em data-start=\"5763\" data-end=\"5823\">Masa\u2019il al-Imam Ahmad (Narrated by Abu Dawud al-Sijistani)<\/em>. Edited by: Tariq ibn \u2018Awad Allah ibn Muhammad (1st ed.). Cairo, Egypt: Maktabat Ibn Taymiyyah.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 395\ufeeb\/1004\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0647)\u060c 1366\ufeeb\/ 1947\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635362. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 685\ufeeb\/1286\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 (\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a)\u060c <\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c 1421\ufeeb\/2000\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635119 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 393\ufeeb\/1003\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d)\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 1407\ufeeb\/1987\u0645\u060c (\u06374)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635460.\u0648\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 817\ufeeb\/1414\u0645)\u060c<strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c <\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1426\ufeeb\/2005\u0645\u060c (\u06378)\u060c \u0635651. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 972\ufeeb\/1565\u0645)\u060c<strong>\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c <\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 1413\ufeeb\/1993\u0645\u060c (\u06372)\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635458.<\/p>\n<p>\u060c\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 716\ufeeb\/1316\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647)\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1407\ufeeb\/1987\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635575-576.\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c 1427\ufeeb\/2006\u0645\u060c (\u06375)\u060c \u0635470.\u00a0 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 770\ufeeb\/1368\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635512. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u060c<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/strong> (312). <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u062f\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 631\ufeeb\/1233\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c 1424\ufeeb\/2003\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635445.\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0634\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 794\ufeeb\/1392\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1413\ufeeb\/1992\u0645\u060c (\u06372)\u060c \u062c6\u060c \u0635270.\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1250\ufeeb\/1834\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1419\ufeeb\/1999\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635265. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1250\ufeeb\/1834\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1419\ufeeb\/1999\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635265. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1393\ufeeb\/1973\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639: \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c 1428\ufeeb\/2007\u0645\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u063541. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647 : \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a &#8221; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/strong> &#8221; (\u0635 \u0661\u0664\u0665) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a &#8221; <strong>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong> &#8221; (\u0662\/\u0663\u0660\u0669) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8221; <strong>\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u062a\u0647 <\/strong>&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8221; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong> &#8221; (\u0666\/\u0662\u0669\u0663) \u0648\u0641\u064a &#8221; <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a<\/strong> &#8221; (\u0635 \u0662\u0669 \u0648 \u0663\u0662) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a &#8220;<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/strong> &#8221; (\u0661\/\u0665\u0665) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a <strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e <\/strong>&#8221; \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 (\u0666\/\u0667\u0667\/\u0661).<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0628\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0632\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f &#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0638 &#8221; (\u0635 \u0665\u0662) -\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 (\u0662\/\u0663\u0664\u0664) \u0628\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0638 &#8221; (\u0635 \u0666\u0665) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1420\ufeeb\/1999\u0645)\u060c\u00a0\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \ufdfa\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 14 26\ufeeb\/2006\u0645\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u063524. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 275\ufeeb\/888\u0645) <strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1420\ufeeb\/1999\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u0635368. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup>))\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 463\ufeeb\/1071\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c 1414\ufeeb\/1994\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635993. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 478\ufeeb\/1085\u0645)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1417\ufeeb\/1996\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635 425 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u062c3\u0635426 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 478\ufeeb\/1085\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1418\ufeeb\/1997\u0645\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0635888. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u062c4\u0635 221. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 456\ufeeb\/1064\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 1403\ufeeb\/1983\u0645\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0635141. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 &#8211; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u062c 4\u0635141 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u060c <strong>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647<\/strong> \u062c 2\u0635 975 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c2\u0635975-997 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c 2\u0635978 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c2\u0635 787 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u062c1\u0635 119 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 751\ufeeb\/1350\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c 1423\ufeeb\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635464-469.<\/p>\n<p>3\/ 464 &#8211; 469 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c 3\u0635 450 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635450-454 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635 447 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635 448 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635449 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635 450 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c3\u0635 469 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 792\ufeeb\/1390\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 1405\ufeeb\/1985\u0645\u060c (\u06372)\u060c \u063522-23. <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u063524 <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-16041-footnote-37\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1393\ufeeb\/1973\u0645)\u060c\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c (\u06371)\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0635511.<a id=\"post-16041-_p91budu4t829\"><\/a> <a href=\"#post-16041-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16041","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16041"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16149,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16041\/revisions\/16149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}