{"id":16011,"date":"2026-02-28T23:58:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T23:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=16011"},"modified":"2026-03-15T18:12:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T18:12:38","slug":"7-3-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-3-1\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p><p>(\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627)<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Amani Mokhtar Awadallah<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Associate Professor of Educational Administration, Faculty of Education, Al-Zaeem Al-Azhari University, Sudan (Head of the Department of Educational Administration and Foundations of Education \u2013 Former Vice Dean for Student Affairs)<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj73\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/73\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1 - 18<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-01 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-02-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-03-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue3\/7-3-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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M.. (2026). Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(3). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Awadallah Amani Mokhtar. 2026. \\&quot;Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 3. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Awadallah A. M.. 2026. Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-03-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(3). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-3-1\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Awadallah A. M.. Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-03-01; 7(3). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Awadallah A. M., \\&quot;Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Awadallah Amani Mokhtar. \\&quot;Requirements for Educational Crisis Management in Sudanese Higher Education Institutions.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, 2026-03-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj73\\\/1&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u061b \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to identify the requirements for educational crisis management in Sudanese higher education institutions amid the exceptional conditions currently facing the country. It examines students\u2019 awareness of the importance of crisis management, the extent of institutional commitment to the stages of crisis management, and the major challenges hindering effective implementation. The study adopted a descriptive\u2013analytical survey design. The population\/sample consisted of first-year in-person students at Al-Zaeim Al-Azhari University (N = 40). Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics, the one-sample t-test, and the independent-samples t-test. Findings indicate a high level of awareness of the importance of educational crisis management (77.27%), contrasted with a moderate and insufficient commitment to the crisis-management stages (62.50%), with the difference from the hypothetical mean not statistically significant. The most prominent challenges were weak technological infrastructure, lack of specialized training, absence of clear and publicly communicated emergency plans, limited financial resources, and weak coordination among relevant stakeholders. The study concludes that Sudanese higher education institutions demonstrate good awareness but lack an integrated operational crisis-management system, and it recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, delivering specialized training programs, developing clear emergency plans, allocating dedicated crisis-management budgets, and enhancing institutional coordination mechanisms.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Requirements; Educational Crisis Management; Sudanese Higher Education Institutions; Technological Infrastructure; Specialized Training; Emergency Plans.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \/ \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2\/ \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3\/\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025-2026\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u060c1983: 13)<\/li>\n<li><strong>((Oxford ,2002:<\/strong> &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633179)&#8221;:(Oxford,2002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>(Pauchant, 1996)<\/strong>: &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 &#8220;(Pauchant, 1996: 96)<\/li>\n<li><strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c 1996):<\/strong> &#8220;\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221;(\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c 1996: 7).<\/li>\n<li><strong> (\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c 2002):<\/strong> &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645&#8221;(\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c 2002: 14).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.https\/\/ar.wikipedia.org))<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>Crisis Management<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c 2001: 205).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a (Preble, 1997: 35)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 (Aspery, 1992): \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Aspery, 1992: 14).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 (Pattarson,1993) \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 .(Pattarson, 1993: 98)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0629\u060c 2001) \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0629\u060c2001: 41)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a ( 2002:41) \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 ( 1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"658\" height=\"295\" class=\"wp-image-16021\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-1.png 658w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-1-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 658px) 100vw, 658px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Source: (Mitroff &amp; Peason, 1993: 94)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c5015\u060c\u0635216-210):<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u060c\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f (2009\u060c\u0635 31):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 ). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Dolan,2006 ) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (Few Schools are Ready To Manage A crisis )\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Bates,2015 ) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (University Leaders response to crisis on campus. Dissertation. Mercer university, Atlanta.) \u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Adeyemi,2017 ) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (University Leaders response to crisis on campus. Dissertation. Mercer university, Atlanta.) \u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c2021\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Ahmad,2008) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629(\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u060c\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u060c2019) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Bates,2015) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Dolan,2006 ) \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 ,\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Adeyemi,2017 ) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647:-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 31 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 40 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00a0<strong>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Purposive Sample)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.1): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>92.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>77.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 5 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>25 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.2): \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a (Fink, 1986)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1-10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 (Mitroff, 1994)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11-20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f (Goldratt, 1990)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21-25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 (Validity)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (Content Validity):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0634\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16022\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2.png\" width=\"271\" height=\"99\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2.png 1104w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2-1024x374.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2-768x280.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-2-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 271px) 100vw, 271px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 CVR \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.99.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (Construct Validity):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a (EFA).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Reliability)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16023\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3.png\" width=\"227\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3.png 1177w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3-1024x316.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3-768x237.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/word-image-16011-3-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.3): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Split-half):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d = 0.89<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 = 0.88<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.4): \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 60%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>60% &#8211; 75%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 75%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0Microsoft Excel 365<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0SPSS v.28<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3.5): \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&#8211;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\/\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629: 0% (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641 (K-S Test).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Histogram, Q-Q Plot).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 (Levene&#8217;s Test) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>23.18<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>77.27%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3.15<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>16<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>53.33%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>28<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>93.33%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.1): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) = 0.000 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.05.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 (23.18) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (20).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.2): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>62.50%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>18.75<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4.07<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>33.33%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>86.67%<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>26<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.3): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>0.060<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>39<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>-1.94<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>18.75<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>20<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.) = 0.060 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.05.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 (18.75) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (20).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1.3 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.4): \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Q25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.5): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u0646 15)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>11.23<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>74.87%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>2.49<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>6<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>40.00%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>15<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>100.00%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1.4 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.6): \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>10<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>30<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>23.18<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>77.27%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>10<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>30<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>18.75<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>62.50%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>15<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>11.23<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>74.87%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>25<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>75<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>53.15<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>70.87%<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h3><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.1.5 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4.7): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u062a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>31<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>23.35<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>3.25<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>9<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>22.56<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>2.82<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u062a&#8221;<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>0.52<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>38<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>0.607<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 77.27%)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u00a0<strong>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 62.50% \u0641\u0642\u0637)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 <\/strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 ( \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u060c2019) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<strong>70.87%<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>4.3 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(1)\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 (77.27%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a (62.50% \u0641\u0642\u0637).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(3)\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(4)\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (70.87%)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(1)\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(2)\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(3)\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(4)\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(5)\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (2002). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<br \/>Abu Qahf, Abdul Salam (2002). Strategic Management and Crisis Management. Cairo, Egypt: New University Publishing House.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 (1996). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br \/>Al-Arajy, Asim (1996). Crisis Management and Decision Making. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0629 (2007). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br \/>Al-Hariri, Rafida (2007). Strategic Planning in the School System. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Fikr for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2021). \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 29(2)\u060c 1\u201328. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<br \/>Hussein, Asim Ahmed (2021). Proposed Practices for Crisis Management in Universities. Journal of Educational Sciences, 29(2), 1\u201328. Faculty of Graduate Studies for Education, Cairo University.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 (2007). \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br \/>Hamadat, Mohammad Hassan (2007). Contemporary Functions and Issues in Educational Administration. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f (1997). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br \/>Al-Hamlawi, Mohammad Rashad (1997). Crisis Management. Abu Dhabi, UAE: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2001). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<br \/>Al-Dhahabi, Jassim Mohammed (2001). Administrative Development. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad, College of Administration and Economics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 (1983). \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u062d. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<br \/>Al-Razi, Muhammad Ibn Abi Bakr (1983). Mukhtar Al-Sihah. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-Fikr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a (2014). \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 41(\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 1)\u060c 379\u2013402.<br \/>Al-Zamli, Ali (2014). The Availability of Crisis Management Elements in the Directorates of Education in Irbid Governorate from the Perspective of Department Heads. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 41(Supplement 1), 379\u2013402.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f (2002). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br \/>Shudud, Majed (2002). Crisis Management and Management by Crisis. Amman, Jordan: Dar Wael for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0631 (1990). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (65)\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<br \/>Al-Tayeb, Hassan Abshir (1990). Disaster Management. Journal of Public Administration, Issue 65, Amman, Jordan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (2009). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br \/>Abed, Said (2009). The Role of Information Systems in Crisis and Disaster Management (Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis). University of Algiers, Algeria.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d (2007). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629.<br \/>Abbas, Salah (2007). Crisis Management in Commercial Organizations. Alexandria, Egypt: Shabab Al-Jami&#8217;a Foundation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0635\u0631 (2020). \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f (COVID-19) \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c (1)\u060c 224\u2013304.<br \/>Abdel-Fattah, Iman Mohamed Ibrahim, &amp; Abdel-Hamid, Asmaa Abdel-Fattah Nasr (2020). Efforts of Some Arab and Foreign Universities in Confronting the Crisis Resulting from the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them in Egyptian Universities. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Beni-Suef University, (1), 224\u2013304.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f (2002). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<br \/>Al-Obaidi, Nama Jawad (2002). Crisis Management and Its Relationship with Leadership Behavior Patterns (Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis). University of Baghdad, College of Administration and Economics, Iraq.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f (2001). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b: \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<br \/>Aliwah, Al-Sayed (2001). Crisis and Disaster Management: Scientific Solutions. Cairo, Egypt: Sijil Al-Arab Printing Press.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 (2011). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 25(80)\u060c 129\u2013170.<br \/>Awadallah, Essam (2011). Planning for the Development of Crisis Management in Basic Education Schools in Light of Some Modern Administrative Approaches. Contemporary Education Journal, 25(80), 129\u2013170.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 (2019). \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c 43(2)\u060c 255\u2013310. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<br \/>Eida, Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim (2019). Risk Management as an Approach to Enhancing the Competitiveness of Egyptian Universities (A Proposed Model). Journal of University Education Studies, 43(2), 255\u2013310. Center for the Development of University Education, Ain Shams University.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p class=\"isSelectedEnd\">\u0643\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0644 (2015). \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 31(2)\u060c 203\u2013257.<br \/>Kahil, Amal (2015). A Proposed Model for Developing Crisis Management in Pre-University Schools in Light of Contemporary Administrative Thought. Damascus University Journal, 31(2), 203\u2013257.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f (1998). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633.<br \/>Al-Hawary, Sayed (1998). A Brief Guide to Crisis Management. Cairo, Egypt: Ain Shams Library.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adeyemi, T. (2017). <em>Causes, consequences and control of students\u2019 crises in public and private universities in Nigeria.<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ahmad, M. (2008). <em>Management of the crisis in university education in the United States of America and its potential for use in Egypt<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation). Zagazig University.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aspery, J., &amp; Woodhouse, N. (1992). Strategies for survival. <em>Management Services<\/em>, 36(11).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bates, J. (2015). <em>University leaders\u2019 response to crisis on campus<\/em> (Doctoral dissertation). Mercer University, Atlanta.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dolan, T. (2006). Few schools are ready to manage a crisis. <em>The Education Digest<\/em>, 72(2), 4\u20138.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mitroff, I. I., &amp; Pearson, C. M. (1993). <em>Crisis management: A diagnostic guide for improving your organization\u2019s crisis preparedness.<\/em> San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Oxford University Press. (2002). <em>Oxford advanced learner\u2019s dictionary<\/em> (8th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patterson, B. (1993). Crisis impact on reputation management. <em>Public Relations Journal<\/em>, 49(11).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pauchant, T. C., &amp; Mitroff, I. I. (1996). <em>Transforming the crisis-prone organization: Preventing individual, organizational, and environmental tragedies.<\/em> San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Preble, J. F. (1997). Integrating the crisis management perspective into the strategic management process. <em>Journal of Management Studies<\/em>, 34(5).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">https\/\/ar.wikipedia.org<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16011","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16011"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16134,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16011\/revisions\/16134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}