{"id":15923,"date":"2026-01-31T23:01:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T23:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15923"},"modified":"2026-03-16T11:21:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T11:21:22","slug":"7-2-41","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-2-41\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623. \u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Hamed Khaled Al-Hadi Al-Tayeb<sup>1<\/sup>, Fikri Kabashi Al-Amin<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD Student, Al-Neelain University, Sudan;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Professor of Business Administration, Al-Neelain University, Sudan<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/41' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/41<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 659 - 672<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-20 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-02-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue2\/7-2-41.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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K. H, Al-Amin F. K. (2026). The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Hamed Khaled Al-Hadi Al-Tayeb, Fikri Kabashi Al-Amin. 2026. \\&quot;The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 2. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Tayeb H. K. H, Al-Amin F. K. 2026. The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-02-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(2). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-41\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Tayeb H. K. H, Al-Amin F. K. The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-02-01; 7(2). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Tayeb H. K. H, Al-Amin F. K, \\&quot;The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Hamed Khaled Al-Hadi Al-Tayeb, Fikri Kabashi Al-Amin. \\&quot;The Impact of Systems Thinking on Decision-Making: An Applied Study on a Sample of Service Sector Institutions in the Red Sea State.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026-02-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/41&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062d. \u062e. \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641. \u0643. 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\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to examine the impact of systems thinking on decision-making in a sample of service sector institutions in the Red Sea State. The research model and hypotheses were developed based on relevant previous literature. The sample was selected using a non-probability (convenience) sampling method, whereby participants were chosen according to their experience related to the subject of the study. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, of which 216 were returned, representing a response rate of 86.4%. The study adopted a descriptive\u2013analytical approach, and the data were analyzed using the statistical software AMOS v23 and SPSS, in addition to employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Path Analysis techniques. The results revealed a weak positive effect of systems thinking on decision-making. Based on these findings, the study recommended the need to study and better understand systems thinking, keep pace with technological developments in hardware and software, and involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process in order to benefit from their expertise.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Systems Thinking, Decision-Making, Service Sector, Red Sea State.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629): \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629): \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 :2025.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 250 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f 216 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 86.4%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"797\" height=\"335\" class=\"wp-image-15925\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-1.png 797w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-1-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-1-768x323.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 797px) 100vw, 797px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Thomas 2019 )<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 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justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f 2019)<\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 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\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (Hopper&amp; stave 2008).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c (Plate &amp; Monroe, 2014 )<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a : \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c (Hopper&amp; stave 2007 ).<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 (Hopper&amp; stave, 2007 ).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 2006).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 (\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2009).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 )0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1(\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 )\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e( \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a 1\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631( Nunnally, 1967) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (0.50 &#8211; 0.60 ) \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u06460.80 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.78<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.68<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.62<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.57<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.70<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.59<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.76<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.58<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.75<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c AMOS 25)) analysis of moment structure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (AMOS) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2) \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644(2): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-15926\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-2-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>314. 428<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u064a CMIN<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>138<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 DF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Between 1 and 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.278<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a CMIN\/DF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&gt;0.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.874<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 CFI<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;0.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.055<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a SRMR<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;0.06<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.077<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a RMSEA<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&gt;0.05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>. 012<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a (AMOS) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3) \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-15927\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-3-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>121.199<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u064a CMIN<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>46<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 DF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Between 1 and 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.635<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a CMIN\/DF<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&gt;0.95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.903<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 CFI<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;0.08<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.042<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a SRMR<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;0.06<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.065<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a RMSEA<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&gt;0.05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong>: \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (SEM) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Barbara et al, 1996).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Amos v23) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1169\" height=\"827\" class=\"wp-image-15928\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4.png 1169w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/word-image-15923-4-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1169px) 100vw, 1169px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: <\/strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\u00a0<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>Estimate<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>S.E.<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>C.R.<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>P<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<th>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645_\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.194<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.070<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.764<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.006<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645_\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.008<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.993<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0639\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645_\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.006<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.081<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.079<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.937<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645_\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.037<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.073<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.504<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.615<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645_\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.162<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.079<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.059<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.039<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.143<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.076<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.060<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.094<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.009<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.993<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0639\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.019<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.088<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.218<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.827<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.009<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.079<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.108<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.914<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.046<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.085<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.544<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.586<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.013<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.070<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.187<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.852<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.012<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-.135<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.892<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0639\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.022<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.081<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.270<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.787<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.007<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.073<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.919<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.088<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.079<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.118<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.264<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621_\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.008<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.076<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.916<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621_\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.176<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.093<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.890<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.059<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0639\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621_\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.157<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.800<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.072<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621_\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.207<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.078<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.008<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621_\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c_\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.106<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.085<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.254<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630_\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631_\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.472<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.080<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5.891<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631_\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.463<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.074<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6.249<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b_\u0639\u0646_\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631_\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.297<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.083<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.601<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062c\u0645\u0639_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631_\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.283<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.088<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.202<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>&lt;&#8212;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631_\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.235<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.071<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.291<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2025)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f (0.05) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Lalani &amp; etc. 2023) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e : \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Yaner 2022) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Cabrera, 2006) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:f4d5e7c5-26d7-4af9-a4e1-6c3ffe5470cc-89\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-42\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"7a031956-510e-4257-a6b9-8b24fc3dfb30\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"5006\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"166\" data-end=\"172\">1.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641. (2004). \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"265\" \/>Al-Hujjah, Ali Khalaf (2004). <em data-start=\"295\" data-end=\"327\">Administrative Decision Making<\/em>. Amman, Jordan: Dar Qandil for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"387\" data-end=\"390\" \/><strong data-start=\"390\" data-end=\"396\">2.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062f\u0629. (2008). \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"514\" data-end=\"517\" \/>Al-Hariri, Rafda (2008). <em data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"607\">Educational Leadership Skills in Administrative Decision Making<\/em>. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Manahij for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"671\" data-end=\"674\" \/><strong data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"680\">3.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"821\" data-end=\"824\" \/>Al-Kubeisi, Abdul-Wahid Hamid (2010). <em data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"955\">Systems Thinking and Its Application in Teaching and Learning: Derived from the Holy Qur\u2019an<\/em>. Jordan: Dar Debono for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1011\" \/><strong data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1017\">4.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631. (2019). \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1123\" \/>Al-Maghribi, Mohammed Al-Fateh Bashir (2019). <em data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1198\">Administrative Applications<\/em>. Egypt: International House for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1262\" \/><strong data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1268\">5.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646. (2021). \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635.<br data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1497\" \/>Al-Hamawandi, Warda Abdul-Khaliq Abdul-Rahman (2021). Employing Systems Thinking to Achieve Organizational Health: An Exploratory Study of the Views of a Sample of Senior Leaders at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. <em data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1752\">Journal of Business Economics<\/em>, Vol. 1, Special Issue.<br data-start=\"1776\" data-end=\"1779\" \/><strong data-start=\"1779\" data-end=\"1785\">6.<\/strong> \u062c\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632. (2019). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642). \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627.<br data-start=\"2010\" data-end=\"2013\" \/>Jiyad, Adnan Aziz (2019). The Mediating Role of Organizational Values in the Relationship between Decision-Making Process and Institutional Performance: A Field Study of Government Universities in Baghdad. PhD Dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology.<br data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2283\" \/><strong data-start=\"2283\" data-end=\"2289\">7.<\/strong> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629. (2009). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<br data-start=\"2422\" data-end=\"2425\" \/>Khalil, Mona Atiya (2009). <em data-start=\"2452\" data-end=\"2543\">Management and Decision Making in the Information Age from the Perspective of Social Work<\/em>. Alexandria, Egypt: Modern University Office.<br data-start=\"2589\" data-end=\"2592\" \/><strong data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2598\">8.<\/strong> \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2015). \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 SEROR. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<br data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2773\" \/>Shukri, Qazi Awal Mohammed (2015). The Effectiveness of Using Dynamic Programming in Inventory Management Decision-Making: The SEROR Dam Construction Project. PhD Dissertation, University of Abu Bakr Belkaid, Algeria.<br data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"2993\" \/><strong data-start=\"2993\" data-end=\"2999\">9.<\/strong> \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. (2005). \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"3130\" data-end=\"3133\" \/>Shams Al-Din, Abdullah Shams Al-Din (2005). <em data-start=\"3177\" data-end=\"3263\">An Introduction to the Theory of Problem Analysis and Administrative Decision Making<\/em>. Damascus: Center for Administrative Development and Productivity.<br data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3333\" \/><strong data-start=\"3333\" data-end=\"3340\">10.<\/strong> \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062d\u0631\u061b \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629. (2012). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3535\" \/>Sabri, Sahar; Zahran, Na\u2018ma (2012). <em data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3661\">Systems Thinking in Future Studies: From Analysis to Complexity, Synthesis, and Modeling<\/em>. Alexandria: Al-Iksir Electronic Library.<br data-start=\"3703\" data-end=\"3706\" \/><strong data-start=\"3706\" data-end=\"3713\">11.<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. (2006). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<br data-start=\"3833\" data-end=\"3836\" \/>Abdel-Azim, Hussein; Salama (2006). <em data-start=\"3872\" data-end=\"3953\">Distinguished School and Classroom Management: The Path to the Effective School<\/em>. Damascus, Syria: Dar Al-Fikr.<br data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"3987\" \/><strong data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"3994\">12.<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f. (2001). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"4113\" data-end=\"4116\" \/>Ali, Hussein Ali; Al-Sa\u2018ad, Rashad (2001). <em data-start=\"4159\" data-end=\"4232\">Administrative Decision Theory: A Theoretical and Quantitative Approach<\/em>. Amman, Jordan: Dar Zahran for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"4292\" data-end=\"4295\" \/><strong data-start=\"4295\" data-end=\"4302\">13.<\/strong> \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2009). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631). \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"4408\" data-end=\"4411\" \/>Fayyad, Mahmoud Ahmed et al. (2009). <em data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4497\">Principles of Management (Managerial Functions)<\/em>. Amman, Jordan: Dar Al-Safaa for Publishing and Distribution.<br data-start=\"4559\" data-end=\"4562\" \/><strong data-start=\"4562\" data-end=\"4569\">14.<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2008). \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<br data-start=\"4659\" data-end=\"4662\" \/>Maher, Ahmed (2008). <em data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4731\">Decision Making between Science and Innovation<\/em>. Alexandria: University Publishing House.<br data-start=\"4773\" data-end=\"4776\" \/><strong data-start=\"4776\" data-end=\"4783\">15.<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0648. (2003). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"4876\" data-end=\"4879\" \/>William, Ubaid; Afana, Azzo (2003). <em data-start=\"4915\" data-end=\"4951\">Thinking and the School Curriculum<\/em>. Kuwait: Dar Al-Falah for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none h-px w-px absolute bottom-0\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-edge=\"true\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cabrera, D.A., 2006. Systems thinking. A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Can, H., 2020. Implementation of Systems Thinking Skills Module for the Context of Energy. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Elementary Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Daellenbach, H.G. and McNickle, D.C., 2005. Decision making through systems. First published, Palgrave Macmillan, Printed and bound in China.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">George, J.M. and Jones, G.R., 1996. Understanding and managing organizational behavior. 1st ed. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Haines, S., 2007. Strategic and Systems Thinking: The Winning Formula. Publisher\u2019s Cataloging-in-Publication.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hopper, M. and Stave, K.A., 2008. Assessing the effectiveness of systems thinking interventions in the classroom. In: The 26th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society, Athens, Greece.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lalani, B. et al., 2023. Systems thinking in an era of climate change: Does cognitive neuroscience hold the key to improving environmental decision making? A perspective on Climate-Smart Agriculture. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plate, R. and Monroe, M., 2014. A structure for assessing systems thinking. In: The 2014 Creative Learning Exchange.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prestridge, J.W., 2013. The uses of systems thinking tools for school improvement. A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University, Alabama, USA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Strohmandl, J. and Taraba, P., 2014. Modelling of decision-making in crisis management. ResearchGate.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thomas, C., 2019. An examination of decision-making during organizational crises: A case study of the Northern California Firestorm. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yener, H., 2022. A study on effects of system thinking and decision-making styles over entrepreneurship skills. Turkish Journal of Engineering.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yurtseven, M.K. and Buchanan, W., 2015. Decision making via systems thinking in management: Educational issues. Epiphany: Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (Special Issue), 8(2).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15923","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15923"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16196,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15923\/revisions\/16196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}