{"id":15745,"date":"2026-01-31T21:15:16","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15745"},"modified":"2026-03-15T22:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T22:04:19","slug":"7-2-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-2-1\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645<sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (AHAS KIRKHS)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: muhajir4@iium.edu.my<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0646\u063a\u0647 . \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: aula.halim98@yahoo.com<\/p><p><sup>3<\/sup> \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: mohamadq2002@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Asim Shahada Ali<sup>1<\/sup>, Ola Hedayati Bint Abdul Halim<sup>2<\/sup>, Mohammed Ahmed Al-Qudah<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Abdul Hamid Abu Sulayman College of Islamic Knowledge and Human Sciences (AHAS KIRKHS), International Islamic University Malaysia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> muhajir4@iium.edu.my;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Sungai Lang Tengah Religious Primary School, Jalan Masjid Lama, Kampung Sungai Lang Tengah.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> aula.halim98@yahoo.com;<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>3<\/sup> Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Arts, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> mohamadq2002@yahoo.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj72\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/1' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/72\/1<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (2). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 1 - 12<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-01 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2026-01-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-02-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue2\/7-2-1.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; 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'\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_21189'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Asim Shahada Ali, Ola Hedayati Bint Abdul Halim, Mohammed Ahmed Al-Qudah&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-1\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-02-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Ali A. Sh, Abdulhalim A. H, Al-Qudah M. A. (2026). Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ali Asim Shahada, Ola Hedayati Abdulhalim, Mohammed Ahmed Al-Qudah. 2026. \\&quot;Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 2. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ali A. Sh, Abdulhalim A. H, Al-Qudah M. A. 2026. Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-02-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(2). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-1\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ali A. Sh, Abdulhalim A. H, Al-Qudah M. A. Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-02-01; 7(2). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ali A. Sh, Abdulhalim A. H, Al-Qudah M. A, \\&quot;Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ali Asim Shahada, Ola Hedayati Abdulhalim, Mohammed Ahmed Al-Qudah. \\&quot;Analysis of the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in using stress in words.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2026-02-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639. \u0634\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623. \u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645. \u0623. (2026). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(2). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639. \u0634\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623. \u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645. \u0623. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-02-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(2). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-2-1\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639. \u0634\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623. \u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645. \u0623. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-02-01\u061b 7(2). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639. \u0634\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623. \u0647\u0640 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645. \u0623. \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 2\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 2\u060c 2026-02-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj72\\\/1&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This research aims to elucidate stress in Arabic and Malay, as well as to assess the proficiency of Malay students who speak Arabic as a second language in applying stress to Arabic words. It also examines the phenomena of errors and weaknesses in stress placement among Malay students, along with the factors influencing these findings. The study employed an analytical approach to evaluate the proficiency of Malay students in using Arabic stress. The sample consisted of undergraduate students from the Arabic Department at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Their voices were recorded while reading selected Arabic texts, and data were extracted using Praat software to measure intensity, frequency, and duration. Our study concluded that there is a significant influence of the mother tongue on the use of Arabic stress. Malay grammar, which tends to place stress at the end of words, aligns with our research findings, as the percentage of errors in stress placement at the end of words exceeds that of correct pronunciations. Additionally, the results of the sentence tone analysis indicate that Malay students often lack the emotional expressiveness and linguistic spirit when speaking and delivering speeches in Arabic. Furthermore, we divided the samples into two groups based on gender, finding that the efficiency in using Arabic tone was higher in the female group compared to the male group, as indicated by the percentage of correct tone use in sentences.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> stress, readable text, samples, analysis.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a)\u060c 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justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 Didactique des langues \u0641\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647.<sup><a id=\"post-15745-footnote-ref-18\" href=\"#post-15745-footnote-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a 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justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b: <\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 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justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (frequency)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 (intensity)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (duration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388963\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621: \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u0668 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0664\u0660 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388964\"><\/a>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629: \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: <\/strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388966\"><\/a>\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388967\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (UPM)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Unisza).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388969\"><\/a>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 (dB)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 (s)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (Hz\u0645) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 (\u0665\u0664) \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 x \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">58 x 3 = 174<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629=<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (\u0661) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0661\u0660\u0660-\u0668\u0665<\/td>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0668\u0664-\u0667\u0665<\/td>\n<td>B<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0667\u0664-\u0666\u0660<\/td>\n<td>C<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0660<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0665\u0669-\u0664\u0660<\/td>\n<td>D<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0664<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0663\u0669-\u0660<\/td>\n<td>E<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0668<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388970\"><\/a><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629: <\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a 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id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388976\"><\/a>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: <\/strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0666) \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0665) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0669) \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0668) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629<\/strong>: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0661\u0660) \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0661\u0661) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629:<\/strong>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (\u0661\u0661) \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0661\u0660) \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388986\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0666\u0666\u066c\u0666\u0667\u066a \u0648\u0665\u0669\u066c\u0667\u0662\u066a\u061c\u060c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15745-_Toc155388990\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-section-id=\"nrv5to\" data-start=\"138\" data-end=\"382\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"141\" data-end=\"382\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1946). <strong data-start=\"176\" data-end=\"197\">\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<br data-start=\"248\" data-end=\"251\" \/>Ibn Faris, Abu Al-Husayn Ahmad. (1946). <em data-start=\"291\" data-end=\"321\">Maqayis al-Lughah Dictionary<\/em>. Edited by: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1a6i8po\" data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"577\">\n<p data-start=\"387\" data-end=\"577\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a. (2017). <strong data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"450\">\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>. \u06379. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<br data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"475\" \/>Ibn Manzur Al-Ansari, Muhammad ibn Makram ibn Ali. (2017). <em data-start=\"534\" data-end=\"549\">Lisan al-Arab<\/em>. 9th ed. Beirut: Dar Sader.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1wf79a3\" data-start=\"579\" data-end=\"943\">\n<p data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"943\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f. (2009). <strong data-start=\"623\" data-end=\"711\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS<\/strong>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<br data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"748\" \/>Al-Baldawi, Abdul Hamid Abdul Majid. (2009). <em data-start=\"793\" data-end=\"887\">Applied Methods for Analyzing and Preparing Scientific Research with Case Studies Using SPSS<\/em>. Amman: Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1xn454v\" data-start=\"945\" data-end=\"1224\">\n<p data-start=\"948\" data-end=\"1224\">\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. (2019). <strong data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"991\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 9.<br data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1065\" \/>Ben Issa, Kabir. (2019). <em data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1108\">Praat User Guide<\/em>. Series issued by the Scientific and Technical Research Center for the Development of the Arabic Language, Issue 9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"a5bgh8\" data-start=\"1226\" data-end=\"1604\">\n<p data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1604\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. (2018). <strong data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1324\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 (JOSHA)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 5(4).<br data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1411\" \/>Al-Janadbah, Ahmad Salama. (2018). Stress in the Arabic Language: A Computational Study \u2013 The Comparative Form as a Model. <em data-start=\"1534\" data-end=\"1574\">Journal of Humanities and Arts (JOSHA)<\/em>, Zayed University, UAE, 5(4).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"q0iylu\" data-start=\"1606\" data-end=\"1973\">\n<p data-start=\"1609\" data-end=\"1973\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. (2014). <strong data-start=\"1639\" data-end=\"1689\">\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1767\" \/>Al-Janadbah, Ahmad Salama. (2014). Stress in Derived and Non-Derived Nouns: A Phonetic and Physical Study. PhD Dissertation in Linguistic Studies, The World Islamic Sciences and Education University, Amman.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"w107tx\" data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2150\">\n<p data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2150\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a. (2002). <strong data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2029\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<br data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2053\" \/>Al-Hamad, Ghanim Qaddouri. (2002). <em data-start=\"2088\" data-end=\"2123\">Studies in the Science of Tajweed<\/em>. 1st ed. Amman: Dar Ammar.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"vs2nvr\" data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2523\">\n<p data-start=\"2155\" data-end=\"2523\">\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0627. (2018). <strong data-start=\"2175\" data-end=\"2251\">\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649: \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 5(1).<br data-start=\"2318\" data-end=\"2321\" \/>Zellaghi, Reda. (2018). Stress in Modern Standard Arabic: A Critical Evaluation in Light of Laboratory Acoustic Study. <em data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2476\">Annals of Literature and Languages<\/em>, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria, 5(1).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1pbgcx1\" data-start=\"2525\" data-end=\"2737\">\n<p data-start=\"2528\" data-end=\"2737\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (1997). <strong data-start=\"2552\" data-end=\"2586\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<br data-start=\"2618\" data-end=\"2621\" \/>Al-Sa\u2018ran, Mahmoud. (1997). <em data-start=\"2649\" data-end=\"2699\">Linguistics: An Introduction for the Arab Reader<\/em>. 2nd ed. Cairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"87wg1a\" data-start=\"2739\" data-end=\"3035\">\n<p data-start=\"2743\" data-end=\"3035\">\u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629. (2010). <strong data-start=\"2764\" data-end=\"2804\">\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f.<br data-start=\"2870\" data-end=\"2873\" \/>Shentouf, Amina. (2010). Phonetic Phenomena in the Recitation of Hamza Al-Zayyat. Master\u2019s Thesis in Modern Linguistics, University of Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"8wbxzh\" data-start=\"3037\" data-end=\"3371\">\n<p data-start=\"3041\" data-end=\"3371\">\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a. (2020). <strong data-start=\"3064\" data-end=\"3117\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 9(2).<br data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3191\" \/>Aicha, Bougari. (2020). Automatic Processing of Prosodic Structures: Intonation as a Model. <em data-start=\"3283\" data-end=\"3324\">Ishkalat fi al-Lugha wa al-Adab Journal<\/em>, Tamanrasset University Center, Algeria, 9(2).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"lrfna7\" data-start=\"3373\" data-end=\"3532\">\n<p data-start=\"3377\" data-end=\"3532\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. (1998). <strong data-start=\"3409\" data-end=\"3428\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621.<br data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3452\" \/>Abdel Jalil, Abdel Qader. (1998). <em data-start=\"3486\" data-end=\"3505\">Linguistic Sounds<\/em>. 1st ed. Amman: Dar Safaa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"kqe4tr\" data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3928\">\n<p data-start=\"3538\" data-end=\"3928\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2008). <strong data-start=\"3564\" data-end=\"3648\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a<\/strong>. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627.<br data-start=\"3722\" data-end=\"3725\" \/>Abdullah, Basron. (2008). Stress and Intonation and Their Applications in Arabic: A Semantic Phonetic Study in Spoken Discourse. Master\u2019s Thesis in Linguistics, International Islamic University Malaysia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1e9tkie\" data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"4195\">\n<p data-start=\"3934\" data-end=\"4195\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e. (2004). <strong data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4006\">\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637)<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627.<br data-start=\"4063\" data-end=\"4066\" \/>Abdullah, Adel Al-Sheikh. (2004). <em data-start=\"4100\" data-end=\"4127\">Introduction to Phonetics<\/em>. 1st ed. Malaysia: International Islamic University Malaysia Press.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"ozla3n\" data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4414\">\n<p data-start=\"4201\" data-end=\"4414\">\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2011). <strong data-start=\"4223\" data-end=\"4260\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<br data-start=\"4294\" data-end=\"4297\" \/>Okasha, Mahmoud. (2011). <em data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4369\">Linguistic Analysis in the Light of Semantics<\/em>. 1st ed. Cairo: University Publishing House.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"1f7usuo\" data-start=\"4416\" data-end=\"4691\">\n<p data-start=\"4420\" data-end=\"4691\">\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629. (2019). <strong data-start=\"4447\" data-end=\"4508\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (Alsuna)\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c 2(1).<br data-start=\"4547\" data-end=\"4550\" \/>Fauziyah, Eva Latifa. (2019). Differences in the Study of Phonetics between Arabic and Modern Linguistics. <em data-start=\"4657\" data-end=\"4673\">Alsuna Journal<\/em>, Indonesia, 2(1).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"imgbeq\" data-start=\"4693\" data-end=\"4966\">\n<p data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4966\">\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0624 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. (2020). <strong data-start=\"4757\" data-end=\"4789\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>. \u06372. \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062c: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627.<br data-start=\"4821\" data-end=\"4824\" \/>Lubuk, Fabie Tuo; Radhia Miza; and Farhan Mustafa. (2020). <em data-start=\"4883\" data-end=\"4921\">Guide to Writing Scientific Research<\/em>. 2nd ed. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-section-id=\"42dxfn\" data-start=\"4968\" data-end=\"5163\">\n<p data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"5163\">\u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648. (1998). <strong data-start=\"4992\" data-end=\"5009\">\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631. \u06378. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<br data-start=\"5053\" data-end=\"5056\" \/>Pei, Mario. (1998). <em data-start=\"5076\" data-end=\"5104\">Foundations of Linguistics<\/em>. Translated by Mukhtar Omar. 8th ed. Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Martinet A. <strong>Elements of General Linguistics<\/strong>. London: Faber and Faber; 1964.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Omar AH. <strong>Teori dan Kaedah Fonologi<\/strong>. 1st ed. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka; 2019.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dineen FP. <strong>An Introduction to General Linguistics<\/strong>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc; 1967.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abu-Bakar K, Abdullah MF. Tekanan perkataan Arab sebagai bahasa asing dalam kalangan penutur Melayu. <strong>GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies<\/strong>. 2018;1(1).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ng ML, Chen Y. Proficiency in English sentence stress production by Cantonese speakers who speak English as a second language (ESL). <strong>International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology<\/strong>. 2011;13(6).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aini N, Radiah CR, Tai YN. Penguasaan pelajar Melayu terhadap tekanan suara menyebut perkataan Arab dari sudut intensiti. <strong>Jurnal Kemanusiaan<\/strong>. 2016;25(1):110\u2013123.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ladefoged P. <strong>Phonetic Data Analysis: An Introduction to Fieldwork and Instrumental Techniques<\/strong>. 1st ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u060c <\/strong>(\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0637\u06f1\u060c \u0662\u06f0\u06f0\u0664\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u06f1\u06f9. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<strong>&#8220;<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c<\/strong> Alsuna\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c \u0662 (\u06f1)\u060c (\u0662\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9\u0645)\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0666-\u0665\u0668. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0662\u06f0\u06f1\u0664\u0645)\u060c \u06356. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:Nazratul Aini\u060c Che Radiah\u060c Yap Ngee Thai\u060c&#8221; Penguasaan Pelajar Melayu Terhadap Tekanan Suara Menyebut Perkataan Arab dari Sudut Intensiti &#8220;, <em>Jurnal Kemanusiaan<\/em>, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Vol.25 (1), (2016), p 110-123. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u0645)\u060c \u063547. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Asma Haji Omar,<strong>&#8220;<\/strong><em>Teori dan Kaedah Fonologi<\/em>&#8220;(Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, first edition,2019) p 147-148 <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0628\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a&#8221;\u060c (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0662\u06f0\u06f0\u0668\u0645). <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Manwa L. NG &amp; Yang Chen,\u060c &#8220;Proficiency in English sentence stress production by Cantonese speakers who speak English as a second language (ESL)&#8221;, <em>International Journal of speech-language pathology,<\/em> University of Hong Kong Libraries, Vol 13 (6), (2011), p 526-535. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Nazratul Aini\u060c Che Radiah &amp; Yap Ngee Tai, &#8221; Penguasaan Pelajar Melayu Terhadap Tekanan Suara Menyebut Perkataan Arab Dari Sudut Intensiti&#8221; <em>Jurnal Kemanusiaan<\/em><strong>, <\/strong>Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Vol 25, Issue: 1, (2016), p 110-123. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649: \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0662\u06f0\u06f1\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u062c \u0665\u060c \u0639 \u06f1\u060c \u0635 \u0663\u0667\u0661-\u0663\u06f9\u06f0 <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Kaseh Abu-Bakar &amp; Muhammad Faiz Abdullah &#8220;Tekanan Perkataan Arab Sebagai Bahasa Asing Dalam Kalangan Penutur Melayu&#8221;<em>GEMA Online Journal Of Language Studies<\/em>, Volume 1, Issue:1, (2018), p 87-105. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062c \u0665 (\u0664)\u060c (\u0662\u06f0\u0661\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0661\u0666-\u0664\u0665\u0661. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0628\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062c \u0669(\u0662)\u060c \u0635 \u0662\u0668\u0661-\u0663\u0660\u0661 <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c<strong> \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0664\u0666\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0665\u060c \u0635\u0663\u0668\u0660. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a id=\"post-15745-_Hlk152448916\"><\/a>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0669\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0667\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0661\u0664\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0667\u0665. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c<\/strong> (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0662\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0663\u0662. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0641\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0664\u0665. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0662\u0664\u0660. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0662\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0667\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0661\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0665\u0667. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062c \u0665 (\u0664)\u060c (\u0662\u06f0\u0661\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0664\u0661\u0668. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d\u0649: \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062c \u0665\u060c \u0639 \u06f1\u060c (\u0662\u06f0\u06f1\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0635 \u0663\u0667\u0663. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0668\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0669\u0663. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>F.P Dineen, <em>An Introduction to general linguistics<\/em>, (New York: Holt,Rinehart and Windston Inc, 1967), p.4. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Andre Martinet, <em>Elements of general linguistics,<\/em> (London: Faber and Faber, 1964), p.100. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0624 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c<\/strong> (\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062c: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0662\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0660\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0664\u0660. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS\u060c<\/strong> (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0669\u0645)\u060c \u0635\u0665\u0668. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>Peter Ladefoged, <em>Phonetic Data Analysis: An Introduction to Fieldwork and Instrumental Techniques, <\/em>(Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1st Edition, 2003), p14. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c <strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0669\u060c \u0635\u0666. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0662\u0662. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0664\u0662\u0663. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15745-footnote-32\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0628\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0662\u06f0\u0661\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u062c \u0665 (\u0664)\u060c \u0635 \u0664\u0662\u0663. <a href=\"#post-15745-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15745","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15745"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16158,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15745\/revisions\/16158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}