{"id":15554,"date":"2025-12-31T15:04:38","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T15:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15554"},"modified":"2026-03-16T22:46:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:46:17","slug":"7-1-48","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-48\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: adelalkhudiri@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Adel bin Abdulrahman Al-Khudairi<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> King Saud University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Saudi Arabia.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> adelalkhudiri@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/48' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/48<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/48' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/48<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 772 - 796<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-48.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A.. (2026). The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Adel bin Abdulrahman Al-Khudairi. 2026. \\&quot;The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Khudairi A. A.. 2026. The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-48\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Khudairi A. A.. The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Khudairi A. A., \\&quot;The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Adel bin Abdulrahman Al-Khudairi. \\&quot;The Role of the Internet in Bringing About Cultural Change in Saudi Society.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/48&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0639. \u0639. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the role of the Internet as a techno-social factor that has accelerated cultural transformations within Saudi society by expanding access to knowledge, enhancing communication, and reshaping certain values, habits, and patterns of thinking. The research is guided by a central question concerning the nature and extent of this role, distinguishing between the \u201crole\u201d of the Internet as the functions it provides and its \u201cimpact\u201d as the cultural outcomes resulting from its use. Adopting a documentary (desk-based) research methodology, the study analyzes relevant literature and official reports and interprets cultural change through three forms of determinism: technological, social, and informational. The findings indicate that the Internet constitutes an open virtual space with a dual influence, offering broad opportunities for learning and intercultural openness while also contributing to value-based and behavioral transformations that vary across social groups and contexts. The study further concludes that cultural transformation in Saudi society did not originate directly from the Internet itself; rather, it was preceded by media, advertising, and a conducive social environment, with the subsequent diffusion of technology and increased youth engagement intensifying the pace of change. The study recommends strengthening digital awareness, supporting the production of national digital content, integrating digital culture and critical-thinking skills into education, and continuously updating digital policies and regulations to ensure safe Internet use, enhance cybersecurity, and promote institutional partnerships in support of cultural and social development.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Internet role, cultural change, cultural identity, digital awareness, Saudi society.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 (\u0639\u0645\u0631,2003 : 17).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 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\u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646: \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a(\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629, 2005 : 53).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 (\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629,2005) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629( (techno\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 ( (technology \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a(\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a,2000 :105).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a,2000 : 105).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15554-_Toc345230898\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15554-_Toc345228718\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15554-_Toc344022790\"><\/a> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15554-_Toc345228719\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15554-_Toc345230899\"><\/a> \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647, \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d 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\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a&#8221;(\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f, \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644,2008 :52).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a: &#8220;\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 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\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629).<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649: \u0623\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1944 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 IBM \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a 1945 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (ARPA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 ARPANET \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (CERN) \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1985: \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (GULFNET) \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1405, \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1989: \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a \u0646\u062a (bitnet ) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1409, \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629(\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a,2007:40).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1994: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1414 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1994, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a(SA) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1414, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1994.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995: \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1416, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1995, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a, \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1997: \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u0645 163 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/10\/1417 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 3\/3\/1997 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1998: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1419 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1998 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 73 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 41 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0628 1419 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1998.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/6\/1419 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 15\/10\/1998 (\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a,2007 :40-41).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3\/9\/1419 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 21\/12\/1998, \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1999: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1419 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1999.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000: \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2001: \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a(\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629(\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1\/11\/1423, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 3\/1\/2003 (\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641, \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a,2007 :41-42).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 : \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u0645 229 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 13\/8\/1425, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (Gateways) \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0629 (Filtering)\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0(DSP&#8217;s).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0629\u00a0(Filtering)\u00a0\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005: \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u0645: \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u0645 229 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0636\u062c 96% \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 GovTech 2025 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 197 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 99.64%.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 69.39% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 87.14% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 77.26% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0625\u0644\u0649 85.04% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639: \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a: \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184\"><em>http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184<\/em><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184\"><em>http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629: \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646:\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642: \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 <a href=\"http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184\"><em>http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a) \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f 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\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f 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\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646 (Rocek and warren) \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u0647\u064a\u062c\u0644) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644, \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a .<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639, \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 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justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 2001)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 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justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"1f4sjg2\" data-start=\"118\" data-end=\"255\">\n<p data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"255\"><strong data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"187\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (1999). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"190\" \/>Abu Zaid, Ahmed. (1999). <em data-start=\"215\" data-end=\"230\">Social Change<\/em>. Cairo: Alam Al-Ma\u2018rifa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"194jtka\" data-start=\"257\" data-end=\"646\">\n<p data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"646\"><strong data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"438\">\u0622\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a (2000). \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"438\" data-end=\"441\" \/>Al-Duwis, Hadi. (2000). Attitudes of Officers and Personnel Working in Security Agencies toward the Use of the Internet. Master\u2019s Thesis in Police Sciences, Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11n6qvf\" data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"911\">\n<p data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"911\"><strong data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"766\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (2010). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u06371. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"766\" data-end=\"769\" \/>Ismail, Mohamed Sadiq. (2010). <em data-start=\"800\" data-end=\"853\">E-Government and Its Applications in Arab Countries<\/em>. 1st ed. Cairo: Al-Arabi for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1759guc\" data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"1149\">\n<p data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"1149\"><strong data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"1017\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a. \u0633. (2010). \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1020\" \/>Eliot, T. S. (2010). <em data-start=\"1041\" data-end=\"1081\">Notes Toward the Definition of Culture<\/em>. Translated by Shukri Ayad. Cairo: National Center for Translation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15j3w7x\" data-start=\"1151\" data-end=\"1423\">\n<p data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1423\"><strong data-start=\"1154\" data-end=\"1269\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 (2007). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1272\" \/>Al-Tall, Wael, &amp; Qahl, Issa. (2007). <em data-start=\"1309\" data-end=\"1368\">Scientific Research in the Humanities and Social Sciences<\/em>. Jordan: Dar Al-Hamed for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ihxhcp\" data-start=\"1425\" data-end=\"1678\">\n<p data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1678\"><strong data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1529\">\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 (1997). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u06371. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1529\" data-end=\"1532\" \/>Hijab, Mohamed Mounir. (1997). <em data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1617\">Scientific Foundations for Writing University Theses<\/em>. 1st ed. Egypt: Dar Al-Fajr for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fvip0t\" data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"2097\">\n<p data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"2097\"><strong data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"1873\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f (1999). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1873\" data-end=\"1876\" \/>Al-Hazmi, Khalili Obaid. (1999). The Impact of Computer Use on the Performance of Security Agencies: A Survey Study on Border Guards in Riyadh. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"h0qp8t\" data-start=\"2099\" data-end=\"2417\">\n<p data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2417\"><strong data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2245\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u0628.\u062a). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2248\" \/>Al-Khalifi, Mohammed Saleh. (n.d.). The Impact of the Internet on Society: A Field Study of Saudi University Students. Riyadh: Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"h8jwwj\" data-start=\"2419\" data-end=\"2810\">\n<p data-start=\"2422\" data-end=\"2810\"><strong data-start=\"2422\" data-end=\"2590\">\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2005). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648-\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u06371. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2593\" \/>Rahouma, Ali Mohammed. (2005). <em data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2762\">The Internet and the Techno-Social System: An Analytical Study of the Technical Mechanism of the Internet and Modeling Its Social System<\/em>. 1st ed. Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"7o21f2\" data-start=\"2812\" data-end=\"3016\">\n<p data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"3016\"><strong data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2905\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 (2010). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u06371. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2905\" data-end=\"2908\" \/>Al-Raqab, Ibrahim Suleiman. (2010). <em data-start=\"2944\" data-end=\"2958\">E-Government<\/em>. 1st ed. Amman: Dar Yafa for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"mhrfqi\" data-start=\"3018\" data-end=\"3273\">\n<p data-start=\"3022\" data-end=\"3273\"><strong data-start=\"3022\" data-end=\"3146\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f (2009). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3149\" \/>Al-Zahrani, Rashid. (2009). Government Electronic Transactions in Saudi Arabia: Reality, Obstacles, and Aspirations. Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"fhbcjm\" data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3443\">\n<p data-start=\"3279\" data-end=\"3443\"><strong data-start=\"3279\" data-end=\"3356\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (2001). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3356\" data-end=\"3359\" \/>Al-Zayat, Ahmed. (2001). <em data-start=\"3384\" data-end=\"3407\">Educational Sociology<\/em>. Cairo: Dar Al-Ma\u2018rifa Al-Jami\u2018iya.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1hjk9w4\" data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3705\">\n<p data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3705\"><strong data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3550\">\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 (2007). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u06372. \u062c\u062f\u0629: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3550\" data-end=\"3553\" \/>Aref, Mohammed, &amp; Al-Suraihi, Hassan. (2007). <em data-start=\"3599\" data-end=\"3637\">The Internet and Scientific Research<\/em>. 2nd ed. Jeddah: Khawarizmi Scientific Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"h02757\" data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3981\">\n<p data-start=\"3711\" data-end=\"3981\"><strong data-start=\"3711\" data-end=\"3837\">\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0648\u0649 (2003). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u06371. \u062c\u062f\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3837\" data-end=\"3840\" \/>Omar, Fadwa. (2003). The Use of the Internet in Managing Higher Education Institutions in Saudi Arabia. 1st ed. Jeddah: Faculty of Education.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qxu2x4\" data-start=\"3983\" data-end=\"4259\">\n<p data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4259\"><strong data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4114\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f (2016). \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4114\" data-end=\"4117\" \/>Abdel Ghani, Imad. (2016). <em data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4219\">Sociology of Culture: Concepts and Issues from Modernity to Globalization<\/em>. Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1hfyx6p\" data-start=\"4261\" data-end=\"4496\">\n<p data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4496\"><strong data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4365\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (\u0628.\u062a). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4365\" data-end=\"4368\" \/>Al-Aboud, Fahd Nasser. (n.d.). The Role of the Internet in Informational and Cultural Development. Riyadh: King Saud University.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"prslnk\" data-start=\"4498\" data-end=\"4905\">\n<p data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4905\"><strong data-start=\"4502\" data-end=\"4683\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2005). \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4686\" \/>Al-Otaibi, Omar Mohammed. (2005). Efficiency of Administrative Procedures in Dealing with the Negative Uses of Computers and the Internet. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1e9foeq\" data-start=\"4907\" data-end=\"5258\">\n<p data-start=\"4911\" data-end=\"5258\"><strong data-start=\"4911\" data-end=\"5070\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 (2003). \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5070\" data-end=\"5073\" \/>Al-Subaiq, Abdul Karim Qasim. (2003). The Extent to Which Security Agencies Benefit from Internet Services. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Naif Arab Academy for Security Sciences, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"jr0d33\" data-start=\"5260\" data-end=\"5530\">\n<p data-start=\"5264\" data-end=\"5530\"><strong data-start=\"5264\" data-end=\"5377\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a (2008). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u06371. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5377\" data-end=\"5380\" \/>Al-Saeed, Fouad, &amp; Khalil, Fawzi. (2008). <em data-start=\"5422\" data-end=\"5498\">Culture and Civilization: A Comparison between Western and Islamic Thought<\/em>. 1st ed. Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"jw8be7\" data-start=\"5532\" data-end=\"5822\">\n<p data-start=\"5536\" data-end=\"5822\"><strong data-start=\"5536\" data-end=\"5663\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (2011). \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5663\" data-end=\"5666\" \/>Al-Shuqair, Abdulrahman Abdullah. (2011). University Youth Attitudes toward Modernization Values. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, King Saud University, Riyadh.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ycln8k\" data-start=\"5824\" data-end=\"6091\">\n<p data-start=\"5828\" data-end=\"6091\"><strong data-start=\"5828\" data-end=\"5946\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 (2010). \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5946\" data-end=\"5949\" \/>Al-Fantoukh, Abdulqader. (2010). <em data-start=\"5982\" data-end=\"6011\">How to Be an Online Teacher<\/em> (Translation). Riyadh: Scientific Publishing and Presses, King Saud University.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"hist22\" data-start=\"6093\" data-end=\"6346\">\n<p data-start=\"6097\" data-end=\"6346\"><strong data-start=\"6097\" data-end=\"6194\">\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 (2000). \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"6194\" data-end=\"6197\" \/>Harrison, Lawrence. (2000). <em data-start=\"6225\" data-end=\"6275\">Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress<\/em>. Translated by Mohammed Al-Johari. Cairo: Supreme Council for Culture.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"t24p9h\" data-start=\"6348\" data-end=\"6593\">\n<p data-start=\"6352\" data-end=\"6593\"><strong data-start=\"6352\" data-end=\"6455\">\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646 (1999). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0648\u062c. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"6455\" data-end=\"6458\" \/>Habermas, J\u00fcrgen. (1999). <em data-start=\"6484\" data-end=\"6520\">Technology and Science as Ideology<\/em>. Translated by Elias Hajouj. Damascus: Ministry of Culture Publications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"18gqbx1\" data-start=\"6595\" data-end=\"6897\">\n<p data-start=\"6599\" data-end=\"6897\"><strong data-start=\"6599\" data-end=\"6727\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0646 (2000). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u06371. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"6727\" data-end=\"6730\" \/>Al-Naqri, Ma\u2018an. (2000). <em data-start=\"6755\" data-end=\"6835\">Science, Technology, and Society: Technology Transfer and the Developing World<\/em>. 1st ed. Damascus: Dar Hazem for Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"vaxj6d\" data-start=\"6899\" data-end=\"7247\">\n<p data-start=\"6903\" data-end=\"7247\"><strong data-start=\"6903\" data-end=\"7047\">\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (2007). \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u062c1\u060c \u06371. \u062c\u062f\u0629: \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/strong><br data-start=\"7047\" data-end=\"7050\" \/>Nouri, Mohammed Othman Al-Amin. (2007). <em data-start=\"7090\" data-end=\"7171\">Research Design in Social and Behavioral Sciences: Steps of Scientific Research<\/em>. Vol. 1, 1st ed. Jeddah: Khawarizmi Scientific Publishing and Distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Hafner, Katie &amp; Lyon, Matthew.<\/strong> Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins of the Internet. Simon &amp; Schuster, 1996.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Leiner, Barry et al.<\/strong> A Brief History of the Internet. Internet Society (ISOC), 2003.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184\">http:\/\/ibrahim-aljuwair.com\/home\/?content=184<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cst.gov.sa\/ar\/media-center\/news\/N2025051200\">https:\/\/www.cst.gov.sa\/ar\/media-center\/news\/N2025051200<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dga.gov.sa\/ar\/news\/saudi-arabia-ranks-first-in-e-government-services-third-time\">https:\/\/dga.gov.sa\/ar\/news\/saudi-arabia-ranks-first-in-e-government-services-third-time<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spa.gov.sa\/N2363772\">Saudi Arabia&#8217;s Digital Government Achieves Major Progress in Four Key Indicators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0640\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15554","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15554"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16269,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15554\/revisions\/16269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}