{"id":15552,"date":"2025-12-31T15:30:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T15:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15552"},"modified":"2026-03-16T22:49:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:49:50","slug":"7-1-50","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-50\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Sajidaq125@gmail.com<\/p><p>\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\/ \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: drlabaki20@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Sajida Qasim Majeed<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Law, Department of Private Law, Islamic University of Lebanon.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Sajidaq125@gmail.com Supervisor: Prof. Dr. George Labaki<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/50' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/50<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/50' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/50<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 811 - 831<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-50.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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Q.. (2026). Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Sajida Qasim Majeed. 2026. \\&quot;Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Majeed S. Q.. 2026. Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-50\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Majeed S. Q.. Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Majeed S. Q., \\&quot;Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Sajida Qasim Majeed. \\&quot;Oversight of Contracting Procedures in Public Works Contracts.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/50&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0633. \u0642. 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines oversight of contracting procedures in public works contracts as a legal and administrative safeguard for protecting public funds and upholding the public interest. The contracting stage constitutes the legal foundation for execution; any defect in preparatory or formal procedures may lead to project delays\u060c cost overruns\u060c disputes\u060c and opportunities for administrative and financial corruption. The research addresses key challenges\u060c including ambiguity surrounding the limits of administrative discretion in exercising oversight\u060c weakness of oversight at the contract award stage due to fragmented legislation and overlapping mandates of oversight bodies\u060c and the growing impact of corruption as a barrier to development.\r\nAdopting an analytical approach to relevant laws\u060c regulations\u060c and instructions\u060c the study clarifies forms of administrative oversight (ex officio oversight and grievance-based oversight) and its types (internal and external). It also analyzes internal oversight bodies\u2014such as the engineering supervision apparatus\/resident engineer\u060c ministerial oversight\u060c and specialized units within the contracting authority\u2014and external oversight bodies\u060c including the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Planning\u060c as well as specialized agencies like the Federal Board of Supreme Audit and the Integrity Commission.\r\nThe study concludes that oversight effectiveness increases with stronger coordination among oversight bodies\u060c unified procedural standards\u060c and reinforced principles of transparency\u060c competition\u060c and publicity. Such measures curb deviations in award and contracting procedures\u060c reduce disputes\u060c and ensure that public resources are directed efficiently and with integrity toward achieving development objectives.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Administrative oversight\u060c Public works contracts\u060c Contracting procedures\u060c Protection of public funds\u060c Anti-corruption.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0623<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d)\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 (\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629)<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-12\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-12\">[12]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-13\">[13]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-63\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-63\">[63]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<sup>(<\/sup><sup><a id=\"post-15552-footnote-ref-64\" href=\"#post-15552-footnote-64\">[64]<\/a>)<\/sup>. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"14vegn3\" data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"150\">First: Books<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"4676\">\n<li data-section-id=\"xogd3z\" data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"444\">\n<p data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"444\"><strong data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"290\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1955\u060c \u0635 424\u2013426.<\/strong><br data-start=\"290\" data-end=\"293\" \/>Ibn Manzur, Abu Al-Fadl Jamal Al-Din Muhammad ibn Mukarram. <em data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"368\">Lisan Al-Arab<\/em>. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Beirut for Printing and Publishing; 1955. pp. 424\u2013426.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"puie6l\" data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"604\">\n<p data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"604\"><strong data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"524\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1955\u060c \u0635425.<\/strong><br data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"527\" \/>Ibn Manzur. <em data-start=\"539\" data-end=\"554\">Lisan Al-Arab<\/em>. Vol. 1. Beirut: Dar Lisan Al-Arab; 1955. p. 425.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"5m3wug\" data-start=\"606\" data-end=\"877\">\n<p data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"877\"><strong data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"725\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1982\u060c \u0635154\u2013155.<\/strong><br data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"728\" \/>Al-Farahidi, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad. <em data-start=\"762\" data-end=\"771\">Al-\u2018Ayn<\/em>. Vol. 5. Edited by Mahdi Al-Makhzoumi and Ibrahim Al-Samarrai. Baghdad: Dar Al-Rashid; 1982. pp. 154\u2013155.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gjmd2o\" data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"1119\">\n<p data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"1119\"><strong data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"979\">\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1988\u060c \u063579.<\/strong><br data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"982\" \/>Al-Dhahabi, Jassim Mohammed. <em data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1088\">Principles of Management (Theoretical Foundations and Major Applied Issues)<\/em>. Vol. 2. Baghdad; 1988. p. 79.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"xliqci\" data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1308\">\n<p data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1308\"><strong data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1206\">\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1971\u060c \u06359.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1209\" \/>Al-Harmazi, Habib. <em data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1262\">Control over Public Institutions<\/em>. 1st ed. Baghdad: Al-Awqaf Press; 1971. p. 9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ovzp73\" data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1537\">\n<p data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1537\"><strong data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1409\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635631.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1409\" data-end=\"1412\" \/>Othman, Hussein Othman Mohammed. <em data-start=\"1445\" data-end=\"1479\">Principles of Administrative Law<\/em>. 1st ed. Beirut: Halabi Legal Publications; 2006. p. 631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1l81237\" data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1754\">\n<p data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"1754\"><strong data-start=\"1542\" data-end=\"1637\">\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2001\u060c \u06359.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1637\" data-end=\"1640\" \/>Saleh, Khawla Issa. <em data-start=\"1660\" data-end=\"1724\">Administrative and Financial Control in the Arab Islamic State<\/em>. 1st ed. Baghdad; 2001. p. 9.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"sn2nvx\" data-start=\"1756\" data-end=\"1916\">\n<p data-start=\"1759\" data-end=\"1916\"><strong data-start=\"1759\" data-end=\"1811\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2007\u060c \u06352.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1814\" \/>Al-Jabri, Raed. <em data-start=\"1830\" data-end=\"1854\">Administrative Control<\/em>. Baghdad: Sabah Sadiq Jaafar Al-Anbari Publisher; 2007. p. 2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"18u86n8\" data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"2109\">\n<p data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2109\"><strong data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1995\">\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063711\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1996\u060c \u0635381.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"1998\" \/>Al-Hawari, Sayed. <em data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2067\">Management: Scientific Foundations and Principles<\/em>. 11th ed. Cairo: Ain Shams; 1996. p. 381.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ozzerh\" data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2273\">\n<p data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2273\"><strong data-start=\"2115\" data-end=\"2186\">\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1987\u060c \u06352.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2186\" data-end=\"2189\" \/>Qabbani, Bakr. <em data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2228\">Administrative Control<\/em>. Cairo: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya; 1987. p. 2.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15te3k3\" data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2507\">\n<p data-start=\"2279\" data-end=\"2507\"><strong data-start=\"2279\" data-end=\"2381\">\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2016.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2384\" \/>Al-Attiyah, Saad. <em data-start=\"2402\" data-end=\"2459\">Control over Public Expenditure in Government Contracts<\/em>. 1st ed. Lebanon: Modern Book Foundation; 2016.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"jpefp2\" data-start=\"2509\" data-end=\"2769\">\n<p data-start=\"2513\" data-end=\"2769\"><strong data-start=\"2513\" data-end=\"2625\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2012\u060c \u063521.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2625\" data-end=\"2628\" \/>Gouda, Salah Ahmed Al-Sayed. <em data-start=\"2657\" data-end=\"2723\">Principles of Control in Contemporary Systems and Islamic Sharia<\/em>. Egypt: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya; 2012. p. 21.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"12ros1o\" data-start=\"2771\" data-end=\"3099\">\n<p data-start=\"2775\" data-end=\"3099\"><strong data-start=\"2775\" data-end=\"2921\">\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635372.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"2924\" \/>Al-Saadi, Sabah Abdul-Kadhim Shabib. <em data-start=\"2961\" data-end=\"3040\">The Role of Public Authorities in Combating Administrative Corruption in Iraq<\/em>. 1st ed. Beirut: Arab Scientific Publishers; 2016. p. 372.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"bq0txb\" data-start=\"3101\" data-end=\"3302\">\n<p data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3302\"><strong data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3190\">\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2011\u060c \u063569.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3190\" data-end=\"3193\" \/>Imran, Ali Saad. <em data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"3258\">Iraqi and Comparative Administrative Judiciary<\/em>. Baghdad: Al-Sanhouri Library; 2011. p. 69.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9mqwr\" data-start=\"3304\" data-end=\"3482\">\n<p data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3482\"><strong data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3380\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06375\u060c \u0635157\u2013158.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3380\" data-end=\"3383\" \/>Al-Kubaisi, Amer. <em data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3452\">Public Administration between Theory and Practice<\/em>. Vol. 2, 5th ed. pp. 157\u2013158.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mylo2k\" data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3671\">\n<p data-start=\"3488\" data-end=\"3671\"><strong data-start=\"3488\" data-end=\"3562\">\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635210.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3562\" data-end=\"3565\" \/>Al-Jurjani, Ali ibn Muhammad. <em data-start=\"3595\" data-end=\"3622\">Al-Ta\u2018rifat (Definitions)<\/em>. Beirut: Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyyah; 1983. p. 210.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"3zu1q4\" data-start=\"3673\" data-end=\"3872\">\n<p data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3872\"><strong data-start=\"3677\" data-end=\"3760\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1974\u060c \u0635179.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3763\" \/>Al-Attar, Fouad. <em data-start=\"3780\" data-end=\"3817\">Principles of Public Administration<\/em>. 1st ed. Egypt: Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya; 1974. p. 179.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iaa1uc\" data-start=\"3874\" data-end=\"4059\">\n<p data-start=\"3878\" data-end=\"4059\"><strong data-start=\"3878\" data-end=\"3959\">\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1952\u060c \u063575.<\/strong><br data-start=\"3959\" data-end=\"3962\" \/>Al-Fayruzabadi, Majd Al-Din Muhammad ibn Ya\u2018qub. <em data-start=\"4011\" data-end=\"4030\">Al-Qamus Al-Muhit<\/em>. 1st ed. Cairo; 1952. p. 75.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1x5bi7\" data-start=\"4061\" data-end=\"4259\">\n<p data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4259\"><strong data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4146\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635533.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4146\" data-end=\"4149\" \/>Al-Tahanawi, Muhammad A\u2018la ibn Ali. <em data-start=\"4185\" data-end=\"4234\">Encyclopedia of Terminology of Islamic Sciences<\/em>. Vol. 1. Beirut. p. 533.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9m5f0s\" data-start=\"4261\" data-end=\"4518\">\n<p data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4518\"><strong data-start=\"4265\" data-end=\"4374\">\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c 2014\u060c \u063586\u201387.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4377\" \/>Al-Ani, Wissam Sabbar. <em data-start=\"4400\" data-end=\"4491\">Judicial Control over the Legality of Administrative Acts in Iraq and Comparative Systems<\/em>. 2nd ed.; 2014. pp. 86\u201387.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"9mkzy\" data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4676\">\n<p data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4676\"><strong data-start=\"4524\" data-end=\"4589\">\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c 1999\u060c \u0635108.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"4592\" \/>Al-Khouri, Youssef Saadallah. <em data-start=\"4622\" data-end=\"4653\">Administrative Law Collection<\/em>. Vol. 2; 1999. p. 108.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1645v4d\" data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4707\">Second: Constitutions<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"4709\" data-end=\"4793\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1m17ub1\" data-start=\"4709\" data-end=\"4793\">\n<p data-start=\"4712\" data-end=\"4793\"><strong data-start=\"4712\" data-end=\"4742\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2005.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4742\" data-end=\"4745\" \/>The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq (2005).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"6h3t97\" data-start=\"4800\" data-end=\"4838\">Third: Regulations and Instructions<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"4840\" data-end=\"5310\">\n<li data-section-id=\"10ezzog\" data-start=\"4840\" data-end=\"4974\">\n<p data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4974\"><strong data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4895\">\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014.<\/strong><br data-start=\"4895\" data-end=\"4898\" \/>Instructions for the Implementation of Government Contracts No. (2) of 2014.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1k6tbom\" data-start=\"4976\" data-end=\"5111\">\n<p data-start=\"4979\" data-end=\"5111\"><strong data-start=\"4979\" data-end=\"5033\">\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5033\" data-end=\"5036\" \/>Instructions for Implementing the Federal General Budget for the Year 2018.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ks9e1v\" data-start=\"5113\" data-end=\"5310\">\n<p data-start=\"5116\" data-end=\"5310\"><strong data-start=\"5116\" data-end=\"5199\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/strong><br data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5202\" \/>General Conditions of Contract for Iraqi Civil Engineering Works (1988). Issued by the Ministry of Planning.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4517 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1972 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c 1999\u060c \u0635108. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1988\u060c \u063579 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1955\u060c \u0635 424 \u0648 425 \u0648 426. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1955\u060c \u0635425. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f. \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f 1982\u060c \u0635154\u0640 155. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1952\u060c \u063575. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635210. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0635533. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062f.\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1974\u060c \u0635179. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2006.\u060c \u0635631. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1996\u060c \u0635381\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f. \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1987\u060c \u06352. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1983\u060c \u063534. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c2012\u060c \u063521. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f.\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1971\u060c \u06359. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup>. \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2016. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2001\u060c \u06359. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 372. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2014\u060c \u063586-87 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 69. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c2007\u060c \u06352. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u06375\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0635157 \u2013 158. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (16) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0639 \u0642\/141 \u0641\u064a 9\/1\/2014 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631). <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (5) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644 (\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (21) \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f.\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 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\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup>. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 2001\u060c \u0635275 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635352. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635130\u0640131. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635533. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635290. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c 1984\u060c \u063594 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1981\u060c \u0635304. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635107. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1967\u060c \u0635578. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1996\u060c \u0635114. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-37\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063513. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-38\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 1\/\u0647\u200d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-38\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-39\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063530\u064031. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-39\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-40\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1985\u060c \u063573 \u0640 83. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-40\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-41\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063514. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-41\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-42\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063514. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-42\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-43\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644 (\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633) \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0644). <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-43\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-44\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 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\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (250) \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-47\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-48\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (7) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 (14) \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 (7) \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (7) (\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-48\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-49\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u0631\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635109 \u0640 111. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-49\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-50\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (1) \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u063522. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-50\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-51\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\/\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\/7\/10676 \u0641\u064a 8\/5\/2013. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-51\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-52\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (3\/\u0628\u060c \u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u063522. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-52\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-53\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>(())<\/sup> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 (19) \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063527. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-53\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-54\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635107. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-54\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-55\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (80) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a 2005. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-55\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-56\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635185 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-56\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-57\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2001\u060c \u063521 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-57\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-58\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u060c \u0628\u060c \u062c\u200d\u060c \u062f \/ \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015\u060c \u063519. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-58\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-59\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635103 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-59\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-60\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 4\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (31) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-60\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-61\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2009\u060c \u063517 \u0640 18 <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-61\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-62\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (2) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647) <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-62\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-63\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (11) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-63\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15552-footnote-64\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (13) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011. <a href=\"#post-15552-footnote-ref-64\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15552","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15552"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16272,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15552\/revisions\/16272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}