{"id":15529,"date":"2025-12-31T14:46:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T14:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15529"},"modified":"2025-12-31T14:47:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T14:47:00","slug":"7-1-37","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-37\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: adels71@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Adel Saadi<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD Student, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> adels71@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/37' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/37<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 572 - 583<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-37.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Adel Saadi. 2026. \\&quot;Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Saadi A.. 2026. Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Saadi A.. Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Saadi A., \\&quot;Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Adel Saadi. \\&quot;Integrating the Foundations of the New Mathematics Curriculum in Elementary Education through Lesson Study.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639. (2026). \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. 2026. \u00ab\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639. \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-01-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-37\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639. \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-01-01\u061b 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639. \u00ab\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u00ab\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026-01-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/37&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study) \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064e\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to examine elementary school mathematics teachers\u2019 awareness of the foundations of the new mathematics curriculum and to explore how these foundations are implemented in lesson planning and classroom practice, using the Lesson Study model as a tool for professional development. A qualitative research approach was adopted, relying on classroom observations and structured interviews with a sample of mathematics teachers in an elementary school. The findings revealed that teachers\u2019 initial knowledge of the curriculum foundations was limited and that classroom implementation was insufficient, with a noticeable reliance on the textbook. However, the application of Lesson Study\u2014based on collaborative planning, observation, analysis, and reflection\u2014contributed to enhancing teachers\u2019 professional awareness of the curriculum foundations and improving their instructional practices. It also led to deeper mathematical dialogue, greater use of higher-order thinking questions and instructional aids, and increased student participation and conceptual understanding. The study recommends strengthening professional development programs grounded in collaborative work and adopting Lesson Study as a sustainable model for effectively integrating the new curriculum foundations and improving the quality of mathematics teaching at the elementary level.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Curriculum foundations, mathematics teaching, elementary education, lesson study, professional development.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_lkihnorneej3\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 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\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Constructivist Approach)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_sd5spksklzfd\"><\/a>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 (\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0633\u060c 1995).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0634\u0643\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0633\u060c 1995).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 (\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0633\u060c 1995).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c 1994).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_4aws127so4t2\"><\/a>\u0647\u0640. \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 <strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a (Isoda \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2007).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 (Wearne &amp; Hiebert, 1993).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_77j0uarcvgyf\"><\/a><strong>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u062a\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_x9g8sgtfqp0i\"><\/a>\u0648. \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (2006)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_p65f0daijqlh\"><\/a>\u0623. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 (Lesson Study)<\/strong> \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_p5sj91r7755m\"><\/a>\u0628. \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u2013\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u061f \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u061f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_qm5he57fb0mh\"><\/a>\u062c. \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_g8shav2ceqg\"><\/a>\u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_35don99r5y69\"><\/a><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_dlzlydk7txra\"><\/a><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_bif8bi31q27f\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0651\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 45 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_y552rbyoxbee\"><\/a>\u0623. \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_aaj20rir2yl\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_9xwdpktgkjzo\"><\/a>\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_ycz878q30fwb\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15529-_69vuo0eewggj\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Craig CJ, Ross V. Cultivating the image of teachers as curriculum makers. In: Connelly FM, editor. <em>The Sage handbook of curriculum and instruction<\/em>. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications; 2008. p. 282\u2013305.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Clarke DM, Clarke BA. Teaching children mathematics. <em>Teaching Children Mathematics<\/em>. 2003;10(4):204\u2013209.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fennema E, Carpenter TP, Franke ML, Levi L, Jacobs VR, Empson SB. A longitudinal study of learning to use children\u2019s thinking in mathematics instruction. <em>J Res Math Educ<\/em>. 1996;27(4):403\u2013434.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Greenes C, Schulman L, Spungin R. Developing sense about numbers. <em>Arithmetic Teacher<\/em>. 1993;40(8):470\u2013475.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hiebert J, Carpenter TP. Learning and teaching with understanding. In: Grouws DA, editor. <em>Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning<\/em>. New York: Macmillan; 1992. p. 65\u201397.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Isoda M, Stephens M, Ohara Y, Miyakawa T. <em>Japanese lesson study in mathematics: Its impact, diversity and potential for educational improvement<\/em>. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing; 2007.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shulman LS. Knowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. <em>Harvard Educ Rev<\/em>. 1987;57(1):1\u201322.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smith JP. Efficacy and teaching mathematics by telling: A challenge for reform. <em>J Res Math Educ<\/em>. 1996;27(4):387\u2013402.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Jacobs VR, Ambrose RC. Making the most of story problems. <em>Teaching Children Mathematics<\/em>. 2009;16(5):260\u2013266.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15529","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15529","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15529"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15529\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15545,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15529\/revisions\/15545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}