{"id":15490,"date":"2025-12-31T12:42:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15490"},"modified":"2026-03-16T22:18:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:18:54","slug":"7-1-25","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-25\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: zoabies@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Sara Zoubi<sup>1<\/sup>, Prof. Mazouz Alawnah<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> zoabies@gmail.com<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Al-Quds Open University, Palestine.<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/25' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/25<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/25' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/25<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 421 - 434<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-25.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Sara Zoubi, Mazouz Alawnah. 2026. \\&quot;The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Zoubi S., Alawnah M.. 2026. The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-25\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Zoubi S., Alawnah M.. The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Zoubi S., Alawnah M., \\&quot;The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Sara Zoubi, Mazouz Alawnah. \\&quot;The Relationship Between the Reality of Using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the Quality of Learning in the Topic of Healthy Nutrition from the Perspectives of Primary School Teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer Region.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-01-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-25\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-01-01\u061b 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/25&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0633\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to examine the relationship between Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and the quality of learning in the subject of healthy nutrition from the perspective of elementary school teachers in the Marj Ibn Amer area. This research responds to the increasing need to develop instructional strategies that enhance deep understanding and practical skills among students, especially in life-related subjects such as healthy nutrition, which require both behavioral and cognitive awareness.\r\nThe study adopted the descriptive correlational method as it is most suitable for examining the relationship between two or more variables in a natural setting without researcher intervention. The study population consisted of all elementary school teachers in public and private schools in the Marj Ibn Amer area. A stratified random sample of (120) male and female teachers was selected, representing different grade levels.\r\nA questionnaire was used as the main research instrument, consisting of two dimensions: one measuring the application of Problem-Based Learning, and the other measuring the quality of learning in healthy nutrition. The instrument\u2019s validity was verified through expert review, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach\u2019s Alpha coefficient.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Problem-Based Learning, Learning Quality, Healthy Nutrition, Primary Education, Active Learning Strategies, Marj Ibn Amer.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a 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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Al-Jubouri &amp; Ahmed, 2021\u061b Nguyen et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 (Smith &amp; Santos, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Hamad &amp; Khader, 2020\u061b Baid &amp; Lambert, 2022). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1&lt;.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PBL \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0650\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a 2026 \u2013 2025<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (Problem-Based Learning \u2013 PBL)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a (Descriptive Correlational Method) \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (2024\/2025). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633. (\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <strong>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Stratified Random Sample) \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 (120) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0630\u0643\u0631\/\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: Baid &amp; Lambert, 2022\u061b Nguyen et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623. \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (6) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 PBL<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 PBL<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628. \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 (6) \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a (5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(5 = \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c 4 = \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c 3 = \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c 2 = \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c 1 = \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. <strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong> (Validity)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623. \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 (Content Validity)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 = 7 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 (80% \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628. <strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong> (Construct Validity)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (Problem-Based Learning \u2013 PBL)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 PBL \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 Baid &amp; Lambert (2022) \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T-test)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.42\u20133.68 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Independent Samples T-test) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ANOVA)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.4\u20133.6)\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u2013 5\u201310 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u2013 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Sig) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ud83d\udccc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 (3.49\u20133.64)\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (T-test) \u0648(ANOVA)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 (Sig) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 Pearson)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0643 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (r) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 = 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a (PBL) \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.42\u20133.68\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.68\u20130.80\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 PBL \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (Baid &amp; Lambert, 2022\u061b Hamad &amp; Khader, 2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 PBL \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064d&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.49\u20133.64\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 Nguyen et al. (2020) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c SPSS \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 0.05.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 PBL \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648&#8221;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647 (Smith &amp; Santos, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a SPSS \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (Nguyen et al., 2020\u061b Zhou et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 Baid &amp; Lambert (2022) \u0648Hamad &amp; Khader (2020)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 PBL \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 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(2020)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 PBL \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PBL \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 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\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a (Zhou et al., 2021\u061b Nguyen et al., 2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 PBL \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 PBL.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7. \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 : <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-section-id=\"skt9oj\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"400\">\n<p data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"400\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"172\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c &amp; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0633. (2021). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 45(2)\u060c 155\u2013178.<\/strong><br data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"175\" \/>Al-Jubouri, A., &amp; Ahmed, S. (2021). The Effectiveness of School-Based Nutrition Education Programs in Enhancing Health Awareness among Basic Education Students. <em data-start=\"336\" data-end=\"383\">International Journal of Educational Research<\/em>, 45(2), 155\u2013178.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1yrh5ly\" data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"821\">\n<p data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"821\"><strong data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"589\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646.\u060c &amp; \u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0645. (2020). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 21(3)\u060c 112\u2013140.<\/strong><br data-start=\"589\" data-end=\"592\" \/>Hammad, N., &amp; Khader, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Strategy in Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Basic Education Students. <em data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"804\">Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences<\/em>, 21(3), 112\u2013140.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wpkq0x\" data-start=\"823\" data-end=\"1086\">\n<p data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"1086\"><strong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"936\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645. (2019). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 36(1)\u060c 44\u201368.<\/strong><br data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"939\" \/>Alawneh, M. (2019). Active Learning Strategies and Their Role in Improving the Quality of Learning. <em data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1071\">Journal of Educational Studies<\/em>, 36(1), 44\u201368.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1gm5l10\" data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1408\">\n<p data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1408\"><strong data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1234\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631. (2022). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 18(4)\u060c 233\u2013260.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1237\" \/>Mansour, R. (2022). The Impact of School Nutrition Awareness on Improving Dietary Behavior among Primary School Students. <em data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1391\">Contemporary Education Journal<\/em>, 18(4), 233\u2013260.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1etm87s\" data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1729\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1729\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1553\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0644. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 49(1)\u060c 97\u2013120.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1556\" \/>Al-Khatib, L. (2023). Modern Teaching Practices and Their Role in Enhancing Deep Learning Skills. <em data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1713\">Journal of the Faculty of Education, University of Jordan<\/em>, 49(1), 97\u2013120.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Al-Jubouri, A., &amp; Ahmed, S. (2021).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The impact of school nutrition education programs on students\u2019 health awareness and dietary behaviors. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 15(2), 88\u2013104.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Nguyen, T., Larson, N., &amp; Story, M. (2020).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">School-based nutrition education: Effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among elementary students. Health Education Research, 35(4), 327\u2013340.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Smith, J., &amp; Santos, L. (2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Food literacy and student well-being: The role of nutrition education in elementary schools. Journal of School Health, 92(1), 45\u201357.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Hamad, A., &amp; Khader, Y. (2020).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problem-Based Learning and its effectiveness in promoting critical thinking: A systematic review. International Journal of Instruction, 13(3), 567\u2013584.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Baid, H., &amp; Lambert, N. (2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Problem-based learning in education: Enhancing inquiry, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 47(2), 211\u2013229.<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Zhou, X., Kim, J., &amp; Chen, Y. (2021).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Integrating PBL in science and health education: A meta-analysis of learning outcomes. Educational Research Review, 33, 100\u2013410.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15490","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15490"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16248,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15490\/revisions\/16248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}