{"id":15486,"date":"2025-12-31T12:48:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:48:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15486"},"modified":"2025-12-31T12:48:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:48:13","slug":"7-1-29","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-29\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645: \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062c\u064a\u062c<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: zakaria.bokjij@uit.ac.ma<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Zakaria Boukjiij<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher at the Laboratory of History and Heritage, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> zakaria.bokjij@uit.ac.ma<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/29' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/29<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 467 - 476<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-17 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-29.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2026). Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Zakaria Boukjiij. 2026. \\&quot;Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Bokjij Z.. 2026. Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-29\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Bokjij Z.. Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Bokjij Z., \\&quot;Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Zakaria Boukjiij. \\&quot;Iconographic Analysis of Chariot Drivers in Rock Art of Ancient Morocco: The Issue of Gender and Clothing in Light of Material and Literary Sources.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/29&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0628\u0648\u0642\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0632. 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\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study presents an iconographic analysis of chariot drivers depicted in rock art from ancient Morocco, focusing on the issues of gender and clothing through a combined reading of material and literary sources. It aims to reassess earlier interpretations that linked the drivers\u2019 attire to Mediterranean or external African influences, by conducting a detailed comparison between the clothing shown in Saharan rock engravings and that of contemporary ancient civilizations. The findings highlight the distinctiveness of this attire in terms of its short, bell-shaped form and textile nature, rejecting the assumption that it was made of leather and confirming the existence of advanced textile production in ancient North Africa. Furthermore, through visual analysis of the engravings and a critical review of classical texts, the study argues that chariot drivers were most likely women\u2014an exceptional feature compared to other ancient cultures. The paper concludes that this phenomenon reflects a unique local socio-cultural model, illustrating a distinctive relationship between women and horses in ancient Morocco, and reinforces the value of rock art as a historical and social source rich in symbolic meaning.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Rock art, Ancient Morocco, Chariots, Clothing, Gender.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"580\" class=\"wp-image-15508\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-1.png 499w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-1-258x300.png 258w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-1-10x12.png 10w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a<sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a id=\"post-15486-_Toc165673923\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15486-_Toc168288837\"><\/a><strong>\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0623. \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> bitriangulaire\u060c <sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-3\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup> \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0642\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u064a\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0648\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"423\" class=\"wp-image-15509\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, Dessin au trait, art\n\nLe contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra.png 320w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-227x300.png 227w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2. \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-4\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 &#8220;\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a&#8221; \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c &#8211; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-5\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-6\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1497\" height=\"501\" class=\"wp-image-15510\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant peinture, dessin, art, Arts visuels\n\nLe contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi.png 1497w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi-1024x343.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi-768x257.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-peinture-dessin-art-arts-vi-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1497px) 100vw, 1497px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3.<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627&#8221;.<\/strong><sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-7\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"330\" class=\"wp-image-15511\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-dessi.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, cheval, Dessin au trait\n\nLe contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-dessi.png 791w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-dessi-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-dessi-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-dessi-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4. \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0635\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; Myc\u00e8ne<\/strong><sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"433\" height=\"439\" class=\"wp-image-15512\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-clipart-illu.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, clipart, illustration\n\nLe contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-clipart-illu.png 433w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-clipart-illu-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-clipart-illu-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 433px) 100vw, 433px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 5. \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0632&#8221; Tyrinthe<\/strong> <sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646. (\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"565\" class=\"wp-image-15513\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-1.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, Dessin au trait, diagramme\n\nDescription g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e automatiquement\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-1.png 700w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-1-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-1-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6. \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0623\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627&#8221;.<\/strong><sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644&#8221; Cogul \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221; Breuil\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"777\" height=\"461\" class=\"wp-image-15517\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-illus.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, cheval, illustration\n\nLe contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019IA peut \u00eatre incorrect.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-illus.png 777w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-illus-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-illus-768x456.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-cheval-illus-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 777px) 100vw, 777px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 7. \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644&#8221; Cogul \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644&#8221; Breuil <\/strong><sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-11\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a 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srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-8.png 327w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-8-223x300.png 223w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-8-9x12.png 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 8. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\/ \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a. <\/strong> <sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-21\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 la t\u00eate en forme de b\u00e2tonnet <sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-22\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645. (\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 40 \u064841)<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-23\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"575\" height=\"356\" class=\"wp-image-15519\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-9.png 575w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-9-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/word-image-15486-9-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 9. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062a<\/strong>.<sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-24\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0644\u0648\u062a&#8221; \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648. (\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"652\" height=\"263\" class=\"wp-image-15520\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-2.png\" alt=\"Une image contenant croquis, dessin, Dessin au trait, illustration\n\nDescription g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e automatiquement\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-2.png 652w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-2-300x121.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/une-image-contenant-croquis-dessin-dessin-au-tra-2-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 10. \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627.<\/strong><sup><sup><a id=\"post-15486-footnote-ref-25\" href=\"#post-15486-footnote-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Camps G. Chars. <em>Encyclop\u00e9die berb\u00e8re<\/em>. No. 12. Louvain: \u00c9ditions Peeters; 1993. p. 1877\u20131892.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Lhote H. Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara. <em>Bulletin de l\u2019Institut Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Afrique Noire<\/em>. 1953;15(3):1149\u20131160.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Blakolmer F. Les styles chromatiques dans l\u2019\u00c9g\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00c2ge du Bronze et le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019architecture polychrome. [s.l.]: [s.n.]; [s.d.]. p. 106.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Cantuel J, Mercier FJ, Thomas V. <em>Les \u00e9quid\u00e9s dans le monde \u00e9g\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge du Bronze: approche arch\u00e9ologique et iconographique<\/em>. Montpellier (FR): Universit\u00e9 Paul-Val\u00e9ry; 2008. p. 157\u2013175, 166\u2013168.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Amigues S. Le crocus et le safran sur une fresque de Th\u00e9ra. <em>Revue Arch\u00e9ologique<\/em>. 1988;(2):227\u2013242.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Diaz-Andreu M. A hundred years of post-Palaeolithic rock art studies in Spain \/ Cien a\u00f1os en los estudios de pintura rupestre post-paleol\u00edtica en la investigaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola. In: <em>The Levantine Question: The Development of Spanish Levantine Rock Art<\/em>. 2012. p. 25.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">H\u00e9rodote. <em>Histoires<\/em>. Livre IV. Trad. et \u00e9d. diverses. Paragraphes CLXXX, CLXXXIX, CXCIII.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Bates O. The Eastern Libyans. <em>Journal of Hellenic Studies<\/em>. 1915;35: Plate III.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Spruytte J. <em>Attelages antiques libyens<\/em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions de la Maison des sciences de l\u2019homme; 1996. p. 95.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Silius Italicus GP. <em>Punica<\/em>. Livre II. Vers 80\u201385.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\">Camps G. Les chars sahariens. <em>Antiquit\u00e9s africaines<\/em>. 1989;25(1): fig. 14.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>Camps G., \u00ab\u00a0Chars\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Encyclop\u00e9die berb\u00e8re<\/em>, n<sup>o<\/sup>\u00a012, \u00c9ditions Peeters, 1993, p.\u00a01877\u20111892. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; LHOTE Henri, Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara, Bulletin de l\u2019Institut Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Afrique Noire 1953 vol.15, n\u00b03, p.\u00a01149. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; <em>Ibid.<\/em>, fig.\u00a04. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0633. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; LHOTE, Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara, <em>cit.<\/em>, p.\u00a01150. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Blakolmer F, \u00ab\u00a0Les styles chromatiques dans l\u2019\u00c9g\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00c2ge du Bronze et le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019architecture polychrome\u00a0\u00bb, [s.d.], p.\u00a0106. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Jean Cantuel, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric J. Mercier, Virginie Thomas. Les \u00e9quid\u00e9s dans le monde \u00e9g\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge du Bronze: approche arch\u00e9ologique et iconographique, 2008, Montpellier, France. pp.157-175, p.\u00a0166. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; <em>Ibid.<\/em>, p.\u00a0168. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Amigues Suzanne, \u00ab\u00a0LE CROCUS ET LE SAFRAN SUR UNE FRESQUE DE TH\u00c9RA\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Revue Arch\u00e9ologique<\/em>, no\u00a02, Presses Universitaires de France, 1988, p.\u00a0227-242. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Diaz-Andreu Margarita, \u00ab\u00a0A Hundred years of post-Palaeolithic rock art studies in Spain\/Cien a\u00f1os en los estudios de pintura rupestre post-paleol\u00edtica en la investigaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The Levantine Question: The Development of Spanish Levantine Rock Art<\/em>, 2012, p.\u00a025. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; LHOTE, Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara, <em>cit.<\/em>, p.\u00a01153. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e9rodote, IV, CLXXXIX. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Bates Oric, \u00ab\u00a0The Eastern Libyans\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Journal of Hellenic Studies<\/em>, vol.\u00a035, 1915, \u00a0plate III. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Spruytte <a id=\"post-15486-_Hlk168943548\"><\/a>Jean, <em>Attelages antiques libyens<\/em>, \u00c9ditions de la Maison des sciences de l\u2019homme, 1996, p.\u00a095. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; LHOTE Henry, Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara, <em>cit<\/em>, p.\u00a01149. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e9rodote, IV, CLXXX. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e9rodote, IV, CXCIII. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; Silius,G.P, II, 80 \u2013 85. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; H\u00e9rodote, IV, CLXXXIX. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; LHOTE, Le cheval et le chameau dans les peintures rupestres du Sahara, <em>cit.<\/em>, p.\u00a01151. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; <em>Ibid.<\/em>, p.\u00a01160. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>&#8211; <em>Ibid.<\/em>, p.\u00a01157. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><em>Ibid.<\/em>, fig.\u00a06. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-15486-footnote-25\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; Camps Gabriel, \u00ab\u00a0Les chars sahariens\u00bb, <em>Antiquit\u00e9s africaines<\/em>, vol.\u00a025, no\u00a01, 1989, fig.\u00a014. <a href=\"#post-15486-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15486","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15486"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15522,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15486\/revisions\/15522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}