{"id":15482,"date":"2025-12-31T12:37:19","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:37:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15482"},"modified":"2026-03-16T22:14:56","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T22:14:56","slug":"7-1-21","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-21\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0633\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: sahar.jm13@hotmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Sahar Jumhour Nattour<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> sahar.jm13@hotmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/21' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/21<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/21' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/21<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 353 - 363<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-05 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-13 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-21.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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J.. (2026). Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Sahar Jumhour Nattour. 2026. \\&quot;Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Nattour S. J.. 2026. Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-21\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Nattour S. J.. Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Nattour S. J., \\&quot;Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Sahar Jumhour Nattour. \\&quot;Resilience as a Personal Capacity among Secondary School Students: A Descriptive Analytical Study in a School Context.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633. \u062c. (2026). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631. 2026. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633. \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-01-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-21\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633. \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-01-01\u061b 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633. \u062c. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026-01-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/21&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n 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direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (142) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a (3.57 \u0645\u0646 5)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u2013\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 (p = 0.54). \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (0.94)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to measure the level of resilience as a personal capacity among secondary school students and to analyze its educational implications within the school context\u060c as well as to examine differences in resilience levels according to gender. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach and was conducted on a purposive sample of 142 male and female secondary school students using an electronic questionnaire designed to measure resilience. The statistical analysis revealed that the overall mean level of resilience was 3.57 out of 5\u060c indicating a moderate to high level of resilience among the participants. The results also showed no statistically significant differences between males and females in resilience levels (p = 0.54). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach\u2019s alpha) reached a high value of 0.94\u060c indicating excellent internal consistency of the research instrument. The study concluded that resilience represents an important personal capacity among secondary school students and is not influenced by gender. It can be enhanced through a supportive school environment and educational programs that focus on developing perseverance and self-regulation skills. The study recommended integrating resilience-related skills into school curricula and activating psychological and educational support programs to strengthen students\u2019 ability to cope with academic challenges.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Resilience\u060c Secondary School\u060c Academic Perseverance\u060c School Environment\u060c Self-Regulation.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 Google Forms \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1<strong>. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631(Resilience)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u201cAngela Duckworth\u201d (2016) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f ( of Effort Resilience)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 (Consistency of Interest)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Motivation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Resilience)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. <strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 (\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a (2019) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a (2020) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (215) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f (2018) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (280) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a (260) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2022) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (190) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6. <strong>\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Justification)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0651\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Descriptive Statistics)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (Mean score)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 142 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\/\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a 3.57<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.80<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 3.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 3.70<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b 4.10<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (Independent Descriptive Comparison)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b 3.61<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 3.52<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1<strong>) \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2013 Cronbach\u2019s Alpha<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u03b1 = 0.94<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (0.94)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples T-test)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T = \u20130.615<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">p = 0.54 (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.05)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t-test) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (p = 0.54).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 142<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 3.57<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a 0.80<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 3.70<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 1.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 5.00<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b 3.61<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 3.52<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 SPSS exactly)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u2026 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f 1\u201320)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 1 3.48 1.05<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 2 3.25 1.26<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 3 3.36 1.26<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 4 3.50 1.15<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 5 3.89 1.06<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">item 6 4.01 1.02<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (3.57 \u0645\u0646 5)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u2013\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2) \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: \u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p = 0.54<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 0.05<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (T-test) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c (Results)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (142 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 3.57 \u0645\u0646 5\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 (Descriptive Statistics)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 3.25 \u2013 4.08 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (T-test)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T-test \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 p \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.54 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 0.05<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b = 3.61<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 = 3.52<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (Reliability \u2013 Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 0.94\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 (Discussion)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u063a 3.57 \u0645\u0646 5\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 (p = 0.54)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1.<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3. <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631) \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha = 0.94)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 :\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: <strong>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-section-id=\"nn1le0\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"441\">\n<p data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"441\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"198\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2019). \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 31(2)\u060c 145\u2013168. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"198\" data-end=\"201\" \/>Al-Anzi, Abdullah bin Mohammed. (2019). The Level of Academic Persistence and Its Relationship with Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students. <em data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"388\">Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 31(2), 145\u2013168. King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1uk3vk4\" data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"906\">\n<p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"906\"><strong data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"661\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0647\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"664\" \/>Al-Shammari, Noura bint Fahd. (2020). Persistence as a Predictor of Academic Success among Secondary School Students in Light of Some Demographic Variables. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Saudi Arabia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"8lcscw\" data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"1346\">\n<p data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"1346\"><strong data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"1100\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 28(3)\u060c 201\u2013225. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1103\" \/>Abu Zaid, Ahmed Mahmoud. (2018). Psychological Immunity and Persistence and Their Relationship with School Adjustment among Adolescents. <em data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1274\">Journal of Psychological Studies<\/em>, 28(3), 201\u2013225. Egyptian Association for Psychological Studies, Egypt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1lg57i2\" data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1776\">\n<p data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1776\"><strong data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1537\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (2021). \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 17(1)\u060c 89\u2013112. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1537\" data-end=\"1540\" \/>Al-Zoubi, Laila Hussein. (2021). The Level of Academic Perseverance and Its Relationship with Psychological Stress among Secondary School Students. <em data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1731\">Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 17(1), 89\u2013112. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"yyde5e\" data-start=\"1778\" data-end=\"2191\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\n<p data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"2191\" data-is-last-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"1781\" data-end=\"1958\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 10(2)\u060c 55\u201378. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><br data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"1961\" \/>Hamdan, Samir Abdullah. (2022). Academic Persistence and Its Relationship with Self-Regulation among Secondary School Students. <em data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2165\">Al-Quds Open University Journal for Educational and Psychological Research<\/em>, 10(2), 55\u201378. Palestine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance. New York, NY: Scribner.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., &amp; Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, <strong>92<\/strong>(6), 1087\u20131101. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.92.6.1087\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.92.6.1087<\/a><\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cred, M., Tynan, M. C., &amp; Harms, P. D. (2017). Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, <strong>113<\/strong>(3), 492\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pspp0000102<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15482","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15482"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16242,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15482\/revisions\/16242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}