{"id":15428,"date":"2025-12-31T12:14:11","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15428"},"modified":"2026-03-16T12:11:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T12:11:33","slug":"7-1-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/7-1-6\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0631\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: s12487394@stu.najah.edu<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Rula Faran Araf<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> s12487394@stu.najah.edu<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/6' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj71\/6<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/6' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/71\/6<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (7) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 84 - 99<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-01 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-12-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2026-01-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume7\/issue1\/7-1-6.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_94668'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Rula Faran Araf&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2026&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-6\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2026-01-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F.. (2026). The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Rula Faran Araf. 2026. \\&quot;The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 7, no. 1. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F.. 2026. The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2026-01-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 7(1). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-6\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F.. The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2026-01-01; 7(1). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Araf R. F., \\&quot;The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Rula Faran Araf. \\&quot;The Impact of the Waldorf Approach on the Development of Social-Emotional Learning Skills in Early Childhood.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2026-01-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641. (2026). \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646. 2026. \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(1). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2026-01-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/7-1-6\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2026-01-01\u061b 7(1). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631. \u0641. \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u00ab\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 7\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 2026-01-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj71\\\/6&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (3\u20136 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a). \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064f\u0632\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (SEL)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the influence of the Waldorf approach on the development of social-emotional learning (SEL) skills among children in early childhood (ages 3\u20136). Motivated by the educational gaps and limited local research concerning the Waldorf method, the researcher aimed to assess whether Waldorf-based educational practices effectively improve children\u2019s emotional and social competencies.\r\nThe study focused on five key SEL domains: self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, responsible decision-making, and self-awareness. Using a quantitative descriptive-analytical approach, data was collected from preschool teachers applying Waldorf-inspired activities. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in children\u2019s emotional expression and social interaction, indicating that the method positively influences all five SEL competencies.\r\nThe findings demonstrate that the Waldorf approach fosters a supportive, creative learning environment that aligns with children\u2019s natural developmental stages. Through artistic activities, rhythmic routines, storytelling, and experiential learning, the Waldorf method enhances emotional regulation, empathy, group cohesion, and self-discovery. The study recommends strengthening teacher training on Waldorf pedagogy and suggests comparative research with other child-centered methods, such as Montessori and Reggio Emilia.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Waldorf Approach, Social-Emotional Learning (SEL), Early Childhood Education, Emotional Regulation, Self-awareness, Relationship Skills, Creative Learning, Alternative Education, Preschool, Holistic Development.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 (2022, \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a). \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2024, Taplin). \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f, 2022)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. (Guerreroa et al., 2024)<strong>. \u0648<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (Frye \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 (Rezzelle-Pennypacker, 2025) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<strong>.<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629, 2025). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk198635398\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. (Guerreroa et al., 2024) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645, \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk198623424\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a (Bruyillet, 2024, p.1). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (Larsen et al., 2023). \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648<\/strong>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a Taplin (2024) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b Thomas Gitz-Johansen (2024) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629approaches Silvia Guerrero a,b,Javier Valenciano-Valcarcel Alicia Rodr\u00edguez (2024) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (2023) Kate Attfield \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk192708617\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a: \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 3 \u062d\u062a\u0649 6 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2024-2025<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 &#8211; (Waldorf Approach) (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919, \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 &#8211; (Waldorf Approach) (\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a): \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a Social-Emotional-Learning-SEL (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a ((Social-Emotional-Learning-SEL (\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 (3-6) \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a): \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a): \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a. <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk195291492\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (2022, \u062c\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1919 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644(2022, \u062c\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632, \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (Wang, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648. (Author, 2021)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621, \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644, \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (2022,(Attfield\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647, \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (Wang, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641: \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644 (2022) \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2022, (Arslan&amp;Kartal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 Taplin (2024) \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2024,. (Taplin<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 (2022): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u201d \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u201c\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 (2023) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (\u0633\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 (2024): \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064b\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 (\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0648 (2024) \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0629\u064b \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a (Abril-Gonzalez, 2024)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (2024, Gitz-Johansen). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 (2024, Godman).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 (Jones&amp;Kahn, 2021). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 (2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a, \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645, \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 CASEL (2020) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629(2020,Casel).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 (2025) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (\u062d\u0633\u0646,2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (2022) \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk198542615\"><\/a>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (2022, \u062c\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629(Gitz-Johansen, 2024) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Attfield, 2022)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Pennypacker (2025) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a, \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633, \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 46 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627, 41 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u06485 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u0640 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Pennypacker, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk198660805\"><\/a>(Tuta&amp;Temel, 2025) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 13 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 (8 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u06485 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (Tuta&amp;Temel, 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629Taplin (2024<a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk195274688\"><\/a>) \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21, \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 (Taplin, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f Tyson (2024) \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641, \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 1990-2023, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647, \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a, \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (Tyson, 2024 ) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a Tina (2024) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (15 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064818 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Tina, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Ulrike Barth &amp; Angelika Wiehl (2024) \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629, \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Barth&amp;Wiehl, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk195277992\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk195277874\"><\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 (2024) Liane Brouillette, Kate Attfield, Kimberly Telfer-Radzat\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Brouillette et al., 2025).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 (2023) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0633\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646, 2023).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 (\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a Attfileld (2022) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (2022, Attfeld).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3-4 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2024-2025.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 -\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/ \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\/ \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629: <\/strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 -\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/ \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\/ \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\/\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0649)<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a id=\"post-15428-_Hlk198584524\"><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 t \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a- \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 t \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\/\u0645\u0624\u0646\u062b)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a ((One-Way ANOVA \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 -\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/ \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\/ \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Valid Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Cumulative Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>56.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>23.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>79.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 30 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (36%)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Valid Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 61% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a 39% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Valid Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>39.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Valid Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>69.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>69.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 69% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5): \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Valid Percent<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>31.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 48% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 31% \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 21% \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Mean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Std. Deviation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>mean1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2675<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.6779<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>mean2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2941<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.6624<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>mean3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2385<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.7328<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>mean4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2970<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.6803<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>total<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.2757<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.6557<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (4.23 \u2013 4.29) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 (0.66 \u2013 0.73)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1=0.05):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 Gitz Johansen (2024) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f Taplin (2024) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"739\"><strong data-start=\"121\" data-end=\"127\">1.<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a. (2020). \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. <em data-start=\"311\" data-end=\"333\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 19(25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b)\u060c 19\u201392. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"400\" data-end=\"403\" \/>Al-Tamimi, Khawla bint Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al-Buraidi. (2020). A Proposed Vision for a Training Program Based on Social-Emotional Learning to Develop Skills for Creating Safe Learning Environments among Secondary School Female Teachers. <em data-start=\"639\" data-end=\"672\">Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 19(25, Part 3), 19\u201392. Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"917\"><strong data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"747\">2.<\/strong> \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f. (2022). <em data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"787\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/em>. \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. ISBN: 978-965-575-268-7.<br data-start=\"828\" data-end=\"831\" \/>Goldschmidt, Gilad. (2022). <em data-start=\"859\" data-end=\"883\">The World of Childhood<\/em>. E-book. ISBN: 978-965-575-268-7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"1438\"><strong data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"925\">3.<\/strong> \u0633\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f. (2023\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627). <em data-start=\"1092\" data-end=\"1125\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em> \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c (27\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c 457\u2013538.<br data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1172\" \/>Saafan, Amani Ibrahim Abdelhamid. (2023, October). An Analytical Study of Some Contemporary Educational Trends in Early Childhood Education (Rudolf Steiner \u2013 Reggio Emilia). <em data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1390\">Journal of Childhood and Education Studies<\/em>, Assiut University, Issue 27 (Part 2), 457\u2013538.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1823\"><strong data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1446\">4.<\/strong> \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631. (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<br data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1611\" \/>Suleiman, Nouran Saleh Mohammed. (2022). Proposed Procedures for Developing Education in Egypt in Light of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s Philosophy. Unpublished Master\u2019s Thesis, Helwan University, Faculty of Education, Cairo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1825\" data-end=\"2298\"><strong data-start=\"1825\" data-end=\"1831\">5.<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644. <em data-start=\"1978\" data-end=\"2024\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 16(2)\u060c 309\u2013319.<br data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2044\" \/>Mohammed, Shida Alwan. (2024). The Current Issue: Reconsidering the Role of Education in Early Childhood between Academic Education and Child-Centered Education. <em data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2281\">Umm Al-Qura University Journal for Educational and Psychological Sciences<\/em>, 16(2), 309\u2013319.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2300\" data-end=\"2609\"><strong data-start=\"2300\" data-end=\"2306\">6.<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a. (2022). \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. <em data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2422\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c (20)\u060c 1\u201330.<br data-start=\"2435\" data-end=\"2438\" \/>Mahmoud, Hind Mohammed Hegazy. (2022). Kindergarten Curricula in Light of the Experiences of Some Advanced Countries. <em data-start=\"2556\" data-end=\"2592\">Arab Journal of Specific Education<\/em>, Issue 20, 1\u201330.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"3128\"><strong data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2617\">7.<\/strong> \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628. (2024). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633. (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<br data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2855\" \/>Musallaha, Raghda Mohammed Najeeb. (2024). Educational Partnership and Its Importance in Developing Social and Emotional Learning in Kindergartens inside the Green Line and East Jerusalem. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Arab American University, Faculty of Graduate Studies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">* Abril-Gonzalez, P., Harmon, F. J., &amp; P\u00e9rez, M. S. (2024). Collective dreaming as conduits to enact just futures in childhood\/s education and care. <em>Global Studies of Childhood, 14<\/em>(3), 294\u2013305. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20436106241267844\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20436106241267844<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">*Arslan, A., &amp; Kartal, S. (2022). The effect of the Waldorf approach applied with the collaborative method on the early assessment skills of 48\u201360 months-old children. <em>International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 9<\/em>(3), 1096\u20131112. <a href=\"https:\/\/iojet.org\/index.php\/IOJET\/article\/view\/1658\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/iojet.org\/index.php\/IOJET\/article\/view\/1658<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Attfield, K. (2021). The young child\u2019s journey of \u2018the will\u2019: A synthesis of child-centered and inclusive principles in international Waldorf early childhood education. <em>Journal of Early Childhood Research, 20<\/em>(2), 203\u2013216. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1476718X211051184\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1476718X211051184<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Gitz-Johansen, T. (2024). Singing and emotional development in day-care: A case study from a Steiner Waldorf day-care Centre. <em>Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education, 21<\/em>(3), 19\u201336. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7577\/njcie.5678\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7577\/njcie.5678<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Goodman, K. A. (2024). Getting to the \u2018heart\u2019 of socio-emotional learning (SEL): Challenging epistemology and ontology in emotion theory. <em>New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 59,<\/em> 175\u2013191. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40841-024-00322-w\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40841-024-00322-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Guerrero, S., Valenciano-Valcarcel, J., &amp; Rodr\u00edguez, A. (2024). Unveiling alternative schools: A systematic review of cognitive and social-emotional development in different educational approaches. <em>Children and Youth Services Review, 158,<\/em> 107480. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2024.107480\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2024.107480<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Jones, S. M., &amp; Kahn, J. (2021). The evidence base for how we learn: Supporting students\u2019 social, emotional, and academic development. <em>Consensus statements of evidence from the Council of Distinguished Scientists.<\/em> Washington, DC: National Commission on Social, Emotional, and Academic Development, The Aspen Institute.<\/p>\n<p>*Jones, S. M., &amp; Kahn, J. (2022). Content analysis of the CASEL framework using K\u201312 state SEL standards. <em>School Psychology Review, 51<\/em>(3), 273\u2013289. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2372966X.2022.2030193\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2372966X.2022.2030193<\/a><\/p>\n<p>*Taplin, J. T. (2024). Waldorf early childhood care and education in the 21st century. <em>Frontiers in Education, 9,<\/em> Article 1329773. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1329773\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1329773<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15428","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15428"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16227,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15428\/revisions\/16227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}