{"id":15404,"date":"2025-12-29T15:06:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-29T15:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15404"},"modified":"2025-12-29T15:06:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T15:06:36","slug":"6-12-48","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-12-48\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Sbrina.d4@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Sa_85_na@hotmail.co.il<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Sabreen Noor Mohammed Darawsheh<sup>1<\/sup>, Sana Fawaz Yusuf Darawsheh<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> English Language Teacher, Abu Snan Secondary School, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Sbrina.d4@gmail.com.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Educational Counselor, Al-Razi Preparatory School \u2013 Iksal, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Sa_85_na@hotmail.co.il<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/48' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/48<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/48' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/48<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (12). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 722 - 744<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-18 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-12-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue12\/6-12-48.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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N. M, Darawsheh S. F. Y. (2025). The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Darawsheh Sabreen Noor Mohammed, Darawsheh Sana Fawaz Yusuf. 2025. \\&quot;The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 12. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Darawsheh S. N. M, Darawsheh S. F. Y. 2025. The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-12-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(12). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-12-48\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Darawsheh S. N. M, Darawsheh S. F. Y. The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-12-01; 6(12). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Darawsheh S. N. M, Darawsheh S. F. Y, \\&quot;The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Darawsheh Sabreen Noor Mohammed, Darawsheh Sana Fawaz Yusuf. \\&quot;The Impact of Using the Duolingo Application on High School Students\u2019 Motivation to Learn English: A Case Study of Abu Snan High School.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025-12-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635. \u0646. \u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633. \u0641. \u064a. (2025). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. 2025. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635. \u0646. \u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633. \u0641. \u064a. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-12-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-24]. 6(12). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-12-48\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635. \u0646. \u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633. \u0641. \u064a. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-12-01\u061b 6(12). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635. \u0646. \u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633. \u0641. \u064a. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 12\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 DULINGO \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 12\u060c 2025-12-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/48&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo  \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.\r\n\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a Duolingo \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aimed to investigate the impact of using the Duolingo application on enhancing high school students\u2019 motivation to learn English at Abu Snan High School within an Arab context inside Israel. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using a case study design. The study population consisted of high school students, while the sample included 120 male and female students who were purposively selected from active Duolingo users. A quantitative questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as the research instrument. It comprised 30 items distributed across three dimensions of motivation: affective motivation, behavioral motivation, and engagement and interaction. The reliability of the instrument was verified using Cronbach\u2019s alpha coefficients, which ranged between 0.779 and 0.944, with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.858, indicating good internal consistency.\r\nThe results showed that students\u2019 overall motivation when using Duolingo was at a moderate-to-high level across the three dimensions, with close mean scores (approximately 3.28\u20133.30). The findings also revealed statistically significant differences attributed to gender, favoring female students in all dimensions of motivation. However, no statistically significant differences were found with respect to the grade level (10th vs. 11th grade). In contrast, statistically significant differences were found according to achievement level, in favor of students enrolled in five-unit English programs compared to those in three- and four-unit programs. Moreover, the results indicated significant positive correlations among the three motivation dimensions, confirming the interrelated nature of motivational components within the Duolingo learning experience.\r\nThe study recommends adopting Duolingo as a supportive tool within blended learning, providing additional guidance for lower-achieving students, designing targeted motivational activities for male students, and incorporating future measures of actual language achievement to better link motivation with tangible learning outcomes.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Duolingo application, learning motivation, English language learning, gamification, high school students.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 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justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644: <a id=\"post-15404-_Hlk215736620\"><\/a>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a 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justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 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\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 (Duolingo)&#8221;:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (Garcia &amp; Liu, 2023). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (Ellis, 2019).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 (10\u201312) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (UNESCO, 2022).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 15\u201318 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0643\u0651\u0627 (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0643\u0651\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2026\/2025\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Motivation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Self-Determination Theory) \u0644\u0640\u0640 Deci \u0648Ryan\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 ( Pintrich &amp; Schunk\u060c 2002\u061b D\u00f6rnyei\u060c 2001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 ( Gradmer , 1985 ).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 ( 2005, (D\u00f6rnyei.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Oxford &amp; Shearin\u060c 1994).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 (Al-Hoorie\u060c 2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Munday, 2016\u061b Al-Metrek, 2022\u061b Godwin-Jones, 2018).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 (Duolingo)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 (Gamification) \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (Loewen et al., 2019).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Suryanto, 2024) \u061b( Bradhiansyah, 2024).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 (Abdeen, 2022).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 ( (Munday, 2016\u061b (Al-Metrek, 2022) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 .(Godwin Jones, 2018) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 (Duolingo)&#8221; \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 (Bradhiansyah, 2024)\u061b (Suryanto, 2024). \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Loewen et al., 2019). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2013 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a ( Abdeen , 2022 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 Deci \u0648Ryan\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (SLA) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Althiyabi, 2025\u061b Munday, 2016). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (Loewen et al., 2019\u061b Suryanto, 2024). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c (\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u2013\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 (2022) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (32) \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Quizlet \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (<\/strong>Rahman et al., 2024)<strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u2014\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a (2022) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a (2016) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (2024) \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a (2016) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <em>A Case Study on Duolingo Application<\/em> (2024) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a (2025) \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 (2022) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2024) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <em>A Case Study<\/em> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a <strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 (2024) \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <br \/>( Zhiqun Ouyang, Yujun Jiang and Huying Liu ,2024)\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a<\/strong>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 -\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648-\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a <strong>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/strong> \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648&#8221; \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2024-2025\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Purposive Sampling)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a 120 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 %<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48.3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>51.7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>49.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30.0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 120 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 (58 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u064862 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 (59 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064861 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c 4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639: 36\u060c 48\u060c 36 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u0627 3 \u06485 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 (1) \u0625\u0644\u0649 (5)\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 0.80\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 (1.00-1.80) \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648(1.81-2.60) \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648(2.61-3.40) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0648(3.41-4.20) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0648(4.21-5.00) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (0.70) \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1) \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha) \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Cronbach\u2019s Alpha<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.779<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.875<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.944<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.858<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (30 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u03b1 = .779\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u03b1 = .875\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (10 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u03b1 = .944\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 (30 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629) \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u03b1 = .858\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 Duolingo\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a SPSS\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c 4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c SPSS\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (3, 4, 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a). \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Tukey \u0623\u0648 Games-Howell \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson) \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 (N=120)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2942<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.40216<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2783<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.38896<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2.20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2950<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.38542<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 (3.28 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.30). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.1) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 30 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4: \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (M1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.978<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Duolingo \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.061<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a Duolingo \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.026<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.055<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.098<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.037<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.965<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.992<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5: \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (M2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Duolingo \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.064<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.122<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.41<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.134<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.29<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.111<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.023<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.998<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.067<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.032<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.063<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.046<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6: \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (M3)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (M)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.936<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.063<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.109<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.33<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.032<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.126<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.35<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.090<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.043<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.155<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.094<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2) \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (7): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Sig. (2-tailed)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1655<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.34364<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-3.551<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.4145<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.41798<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1379<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.33447<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-4.067<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.4097<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.39285<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2017<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.35860<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-2.627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.010<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.3823<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.39194<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (2) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (t=-3.551, p=.001)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (t=-4.067, p&lt;.001)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (t=-2.627, p=.010). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (2) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (1) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646: 1=\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c 2=\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2020). \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 Duolingo \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a (Suryanto, 2024\u061b Bradhiansyah, 2024).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (10 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 11)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (8): \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 10 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 11 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>N<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Sig. (2-tailed)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.3119<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.40475<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.473<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2770<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.40224<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2373<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.38592<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-1.138<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.257<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.3180<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.39094<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.3169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.35871<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.612<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.542<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2738<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.41146<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (p=.637)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (p=.257)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (p=.542)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 Duolingo \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0638\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (3\u060c 4\u060c 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA). \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (N=36)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (N=48)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (N=36)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (M, SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1833, 0.28234<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1375, 0.37735<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.6139, 0.35709<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (M, SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1833, 0.38656<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.2000, 0.32812<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.4778, 0.40222<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (M, SD)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1667, 0.34558<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.1583, 0.33316<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.6056, 0.30794<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a 3 \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (10): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>F<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Sig.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.234<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7.523<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>22.826<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 Sig \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.05. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u061f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Post Hoc) \u0645\u062b\u0644 Tukey HSD \u0648 Games-Howell. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (11): \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 4 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a) \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 (\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a 3 \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 Duolingo \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a). \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (F=22.234, p&lt;.001)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (F=7.523, p=.001)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (F=22.826, p&lt;.001).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Tukey \u0648 Games-Howell)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u06483 (p&lt;.001) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u06484 (p&lt;.001)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u06283 \u06484 (p=.003 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (p&lt;.001). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2000).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 (Loewen et al., 2019). \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (9): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 (Pearson) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>r<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>Sig.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.302<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.309<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.001<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.262<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.004<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (r=.302, p=.001)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (r=.309, p=.001)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 (r=.262, p=.004).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (2) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a 3 \u06484 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Duolingo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a Duolingo \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 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(2022)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644. (2020) \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 (10-15). \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. [\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644]. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 7(2)\u060c 118-167.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f. (2020). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c (30)\u060c 119-157.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2022). \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c (254)\u060c 67-183.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645. (2018). \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 21(119)\u060c 88-102.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631. (2022). \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 3(28)\u060c 591-633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 UTAUT. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c (41)\u060c 215-252.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646. (2021). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c 22\u060c 322-326.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suryanto, B. T. (2024). The Impact of Using DUOLINGO Application on Students&#8217; English Learning Motivation. International Journal of English Education and Linguistics (IJoEEL), 6(2), 200-211.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anugerahwati, M. (2023). Can Duolingo Help People Master a Foreign Language? KnE Social Sciences, 8(7), 133\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/kss.v8i7.13244<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., &amp; Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Herlina, E., Yundayani, A., &amp; Astuti, S. (2021). Penggunaan Duolingo sebagai media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa. Penggunaan Duolingo sebagai media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa, (2012), 244\u2013253.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ormrod, J. E. (2014). Educational psychology: Developing learners (8th ed.). Pearson Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Politeknik, D., &amp; Binaprestasi, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Duolingo Application in Helping Students. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Teknologi, 2(2), 85\u201397.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rachels, J. R., &amp; Rockinson-Szapkiw, A. J. (2017). The Effects of a Mobile Gamification App on Elementary Students\u2019 Spanish Achievement and Self-Efficacy. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(1-2), 72\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2017.1382536<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Septiani, F. (n.d.). Duolingo: Aplikasi belajar bahasa dengan lebih dari 60 bahasa secara gratis dan mudah dipahami.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdeen Abdelghany, S. Z. (2022). Students\u2019 attitudes towards using Duolingo as a self-learning AI-based app in distance learning during the pandemic in the UAE.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Althiyabi, R. F. A. (2025). Saudi EFL students\u2019 perception towards the use of Duolingo application in learning English.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bradhiansyah, T. S. (2024). The impact of using Duolingo application on students&#8217; English learning motivation. University of Noor Jaddid, Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Munday, P. (2016). The case for using Duolingo as part of the language classroom experience. Sacred Heart University, USA.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Daniswara, L., Sahuddin, L. J., Putera, A., &amp; Saputra, A. (2024). Students\u2019 perception of the use of Duolingo for learning English. Journal of English Language Studies, 9(1), 12\u201325.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nguyen, K. T., &amp; Dan, T. C. (2024). A study on Duolingo mobile applications to improve EFL students\u2019 listening comprehension performances. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 18(2), 45\u201359.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Effect of Duolingo Application on Students\u2019 English Vocabulary Mastery. (2022). International Journal of Language Education, 6(3), 110\u2013118.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ouyang, Z., Jiang, Y., &amp; Liu, H. (2024). The effects of Duolingo, an AI-Integrated technology, on EFL learners\u2019 willingness to communicate and engagement in online classes. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 25(3), 97-115.\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rahman, S., Damayanti, I., &amp; Setyarini, S. (2024). A case study on Duolingo application in vocabulary learning strategies among EFL students. In The Asian Conference on Arts &amp; Humanities 2024 Official Conference Proceedings (pp. 491-504).\u200f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdeen, M. (2022). The impact of self-directed learning applications on EFL learners&#8217; motivation in the UAE. Journal of Educational Technology.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Metrek, S. (2022). Gamification and vocabulary learning among EFL learners. Arab Journal of Applied Linguistics.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Althiyabi, T. (2025). Gamification strategies in enhancing language learning motivation. International Journal of Language Education.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bradhiansyah, A. (2024). The effectiveness of Duolingo in improving students\u2019 motivation in learning English. Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deci, E. L., &amp; Ryan, R. M. (2000). The \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhy\u201d of goal pursuits: Human needs and self-determination theory. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227\u20132<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gardner, R. C. (2010). Motivation and second language acquisition: The socio-educational model. Peter Lang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Godwin-Jones, R. (2018). Emerging technologies: Using mobile apps for language learning. Language Learning &amp; Technology, 22(3), 2\u201311.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Loewen, S., Isbell, D., &amp; Sporn, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of app-based language learning. Language Learning &amp; Technology, 23(2), 114\u2013126.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Munday, P. (2016). The case for using Duolingo as part of the language classroom experience. Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, 19(1), 83\u2013101.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suryanto, B. (2024). AI-supported gamified applications for enhancing EFL motivation. Journal of English Language Teaching Innovations.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vesselinov, R., &amp; Grego, J. (2012). Duolingo effectiveness study. Research Report, City University of New York.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Assadi, J., Murad, T., &amp; Hassan, M. M. (2025). The necessity of digital tools for Israeli Arab EFL students: Benefits and challenges. English Language Teaching, 18(2), 31-41<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aulia, H. R., Wahjuningsih, E., &amp; Andayani, R. (2020). 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SAGE Open, 7(1), 1\u201311.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15404","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15405,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15404\/revisions\/15405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}