{"id":15388,"date":"2025-12-28T13:13:31","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T13:13:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15388"},"modified":"2025-12-28T13:13:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-28T13:13:33","slug":"6-12-45","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-12-45\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629- \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Raba7.hiba@gmail.com<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 - \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: reemzoubi01@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Hiba Hassan Rabah<sup>1<\/sup>, Reem Hani Zubi<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Yafa al-Nasirah \u2013 Al-Jabal School, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Raba7.hiba@gmail.com.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> Nazareth \u2013 Al-Qastal School, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> reemzoubi01@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/45' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/45<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/45' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/45<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (12). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 652 - 673<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-18 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-12-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue12\/6-12-45.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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H, Zoubi R. H. (2025). The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Rabah Hiba Hassan, Zoubi Reem Hani. 2025. \\&quot;The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 12. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Rabah H. H, Zoubi R. H. 2025. The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-12-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 6(12). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-12-45\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Rabah H. H, Zoubi R. H. The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-12-01; 6(12). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Rabah H. H, Zoubi R. H, \\&quot;The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Rabah Hiba Hassan, Zoubi Reem Hani. \\&quot;The Reality of Using Digital Games in Teaching the Arabic Language and Its Relationship to Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Teachers in the Palestinian Interior.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025-12-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/45&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0640. \u062d\u060c \u0632\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0631. \u0647\u0640. 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> Objectives: This study aimed to explore the reality of using digital educational games in teaching Arabic among teachers in the Palestinian interior and to examine the relationship between this use and the development of students\u2019 critical thinking skills from teachers\u2019 perspectives. It also investigated differences according to gender, age, years of experience, and academic qualification.\r\nMethodology: A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. The study population consisted of Arabic language teachers in elementary schools in the Palestinian interior during the academic year (2025\u20132026). A simple random sample of (289) teachers was selected. A questionnaire of (30) items was developed, covering two dimensions: the reality of using digital educational games and their contribution to developing critical thinking skills. Validity and reliability were verified, and appropriate statistical methods were used for data analysis.\r\nResults: The results revealed a high level of digital educational games usage and a statistically significant positive correlation between their use and the development of critical thinking skills. Significant differences were found according to years of experience and academic qualification.\r\nConclusion: The study highlights the importance of purposeful integration of digital educational games in enhancing critical thinking skills in Arabic language education.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Digital educational games, Arabic language teaching, Critical thinking, Palestinian interior teachers.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e 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\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064e \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0628 (Game-Based Learning)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 ( Plass et al., 2015\u061b Qian &amp; Clark, 2016 )\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0650\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0628&#8221; (Game-Based Learning)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064e\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629\u064c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628&#8221; (Gamification)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 ( Hamari et al., 2014\u061b Sailer &amp; Homner, 2020). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 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\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a Almelhes, 2024) \u061b Abdul Ghani et al., 2022\u061b Helmi Kamal, 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c 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justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 (Serious Games) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 (2022) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 (2022)\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a: <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a( 2025-2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 289 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\/\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (1): \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>105<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>36.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>184<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>63.7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>289<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>112<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>39<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>96<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>33<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>81<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>28<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>289<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>112<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>38.8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>177<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>61.2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>289<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"4\">\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>48<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>16<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>88<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>31<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>153<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>53<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>289<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>100.0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 289 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (63.7%) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (36.3%) \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (39%)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0629 40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (33%) \u062b\u0645 50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (28%). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (61.2%) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (38.8%) \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (53%)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0629 10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (31%) \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (16%).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0650\u0633\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0631. (Plass et al., 2023; Fokides, 2023; Hamari et al., 2021; Sailer &amp; Homner, 2020). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (15 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u2013 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u2013 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 (\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u2013 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f (15 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 :<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 : <\/strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a<\/strong>: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u2013 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (0.70) \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644<\/strong>: \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <strong>SPSS<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (t-test) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (One-Way ANOVA) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation) \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2): \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson correlation) \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong> \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(Sig)*<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.764<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>.000<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.661<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.652<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.449<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.563<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.417<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.281<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.739<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.755<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.543<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.507<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.561<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.349<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.447<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.630<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.696<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.761<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.607<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.648<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.665<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.578<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.664<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.711<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.735<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.573<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.579<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.499<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.671<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.382<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.316<sup>**<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>** \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (0.001)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (.281\u2013.764)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f (Sig=.000)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a (.60) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 1\u060c 8\u060c 9\u060c 16\u060c 17\u060c 20\u060c 22\u060c 23\u060c 24) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 4\u060c 6\u060c 7\u060c 13\u060c 29\u060c 30) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-15388-_Toc138618264\"><\/a><a id=\"post-15388-_Toc164883186\"><\/a><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (Cronbach Alpha) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3): \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>289<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.931<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (0.931) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 289 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 : \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0644\u063a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 ( 4 ): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.548<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.529<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.553<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.554<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.498<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.087<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.887<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.551<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.494<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.617<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.641<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.501<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.473<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.450<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.713<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.53<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.553<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0643\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061f)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.540<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.418<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.489<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.501<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.483<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.47<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.483<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>.485<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a (3.72\u20134.56)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f (2023) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a (2022)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u062a) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Independent Samples t-test)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 ( 5) \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643: <strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5): \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>0.029<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.302<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.57<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>0.21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.291<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>184<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (4.57) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 (4.24) \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f (2023) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0645\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (6) : \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 (One-way ANOVA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.384<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.320<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40\u201349<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.327<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.241<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>50 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.368<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.434<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>289<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.361<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.334<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (4.384)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0629 50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (4.368)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0626\u0629 40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (4.327)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Comunicar (2025) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Mao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 Awang (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (7) : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 TOT<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Sum of Squares)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (df)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Mean Square)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.173<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.086<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.770<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.464<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>286<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.278<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>288<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 0.770) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.464 &gt; 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 Mao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Multiple Comparisons)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (8): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 TOT<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 (I)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 (J)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (I\u2013J)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>95% \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>95% \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0567<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0466<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.478<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.0579<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.1714<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0155<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0489<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.951<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.1047<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.1358<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.0567<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0466<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.478<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.1714<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0579<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.0412<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0505<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.718<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.1656<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0832<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 39 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.0155<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0489<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.951<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.1358<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.1047<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>50 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>40\u201349 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0412<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0505<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.718<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-0.0832<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.1656<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (Scheff\u00e9) \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 (Sig.) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (0.05)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f (95%) \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA) \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Comunicar (2025) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Mao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Awang (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (9): \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (One-way ANOVA)<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (N)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a (Mean)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (Std. Deviation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 t<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.318<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.294<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>177<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.389<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.356<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>-1.772<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (4.389) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 (4.318)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f (Sig = 0.002)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Comunicar (2025) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Mao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Awang (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u03b1 \u2264 0.05) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (10) : \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>.241<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.243<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>.302<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.528<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>88<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 10-15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>.342<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.301<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>153<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>.334<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4.3612<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>289<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (4.528)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f (2023) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a (2022) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 Comunicar (2025) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Mao \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2022) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u0626\u0629 10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 Awang \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 (2024) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0633 (2024) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a (ANOVA)<\/strong> <strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (11) :<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 TOT<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Sum of Squares)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (df)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a (Mean Square)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 F<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3.674<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1.837<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>18.365<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28.604<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>286<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>32.278<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>288<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u2014<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (F = 18.365) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.000 &lt; 0.05)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0646 (2022) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a (2022) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 Scheff\u00e9 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (12) : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (I)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 (J)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (I\u2013J)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig.)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e-0.2856*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0567<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e-0.0589<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0523<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.531<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e0.2856*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0567<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e0.2267*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0423<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e0.0589<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0523<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.531<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u200e-0.2267*<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.0423<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0.000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0626\u0629 (10\u201315 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a) \u0648(\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (Sig = 0.000). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 (\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a) \u0648(\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u0641\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0645. \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0635. \u0633. \u0645. (2024). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631): \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 43<\/em>(202)\u060c 1\u201338. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jsrep.2024.351085\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/jsrep.2024.351085<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0646. \u062d. (2020). \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629<\/em>\u060c (14)\u060c 787\u2013808.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0634. (2013). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c (130)\u060c 55-88.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2024). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623. \u0628. \u0633. (2022). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/em>\u060c (84)\u060c9-44.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0639. \u0623. (2012). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u062e\u0651\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633. (2021). \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0651\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0631. \u0635. \u062d. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdul Ghani, M. T., &amp; Wan Daud, W. A. A. (2023). The impact of digital game-based learning towards Arabic language communication. <em>Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 39<\/em>(1), 407\u2013424. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17576\/JKMJC-2023-3901-23\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17576\/JKMJC-2023-3901-23<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Abdul Ghani, M. T., Hamzah, M., Wan Daud, W. A. A., &amp; Muhamad Romli, T. R. (2022). The impact of mobile digital games in learning Arabic language at the tertiary level. <em>Contemporary Educational Technology, 14<\/em>(1), Article ep344. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30935\/cedtech\/11480\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30935\/cedtech\/11480<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al-Jarf, R. (2022). How parents promote English and Arabic language proficiency in elementary school children in Saudi Arabia. <em>Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies, 2<\/em>(2), 21\u201329.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almelhes, S. A. (2024). Gamification for teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers: A systematic literature review. <em>Frontiers in Education, 9<\/em>, Article 1371955. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1371955\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1371955<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Arkan, Z. (2022). Game technique applications in teaching Arabic words as a foreign language to children. <em>Education Quarterly Reviews, 5<\/em>(1), 367\u2013377. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31014\/aior.1993.05.01.447\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31014\/aior.1993.05.01.447<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Awang Noh, S. N., Mohamed, H., &amp; Mat Zin, N. A. (2024). Serious games model for higher-order thinking skills in science education. <em>International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 15<\/em>(10), 196\u2013201. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2024.0151022\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2024.0151022<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Facione, P. A. (2015). <em>Critical thinking: What it is and why it counts<\/em> (8th ed.). Insight Assessment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fokides, E. (2023). Digital games and their role in language learning: A systematic review. <em>Journal of Educational Technology, 28<\/em>(1), 375\u2013403.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Halpern, D. F. (2014). <em>Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking<\/em> (5th ed.). Psychology Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hamari, J., Shernoff, D. J., Rowe, E., Coller, B., Asbell-Clarke, J., &amp; Edwards, T. (2016). Challenging games help students learn: An empirical study on engagement, flow, and immersion in game-based learning. <em>Computers in Human Behavior, 54<\/em>, 170\u2013179. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.045\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.045<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kamal, H. (2021). The influence of online games on learners\u2019 Arabic vocabulary achievement. <em>Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 13<\/em>(1), 16\u201331. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24042\/albayan.v13i1.7339\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24042\/albayan.v13i1.7339<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mao, W., Cui, Y., Chiu, M. M., &amp; Lei, H. (2022). Effects of game-based learning on students\u2019 critical thinking: A meta-analysis. <em>Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59<\/em>(8), 1682\u20131708. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331211007098\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331211007098<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plass, J. L., Mayer, R. E., &amp; Homer, B. D. (Eds.). (2023). <em>Handbook of game-based learning<\/em>. MIT Press.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qian, M., &amp; Clark, K. R. (2016). Game-based learning and 21st century skills: A review of recent research. <em>Computers in Human Behavior, 63<\/em>, 50\u201358. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.023\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.05.023<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Richards, J. C., &amp; Schmidt, R. (2013). <em>Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics<\/em> (4th ed.). Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sailer, M., &amp; Homner, L. (2020). The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. <em>Educational Psychology Review, 32<\/em>(1), 77\u2013112. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09498-w\" target=\"_new\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09498-w<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tsai, F.-H. (2020). Examining critical thinking skills in game-based learning: A behavioral analysis approach. <em>Thinking Skills and Creativity, 37<\/em>, Article 100686.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wahba, K. M., Taha, Z. A., &amp; England, L. (Eds.). (2014). <em>Handbook for Arabic language teaching professionals in the 21st century<\/em> (2nd ed.). Routledge.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Alsultan, R. (2022). Implementing phonological awareness in Saudi Arabia kindergartens. <em>International Journal of the Whole Child, 7<\/em>(2), 39\u201347.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hadi, A. (2024). <em>Research trends in Arabic language teaching worldwide: A systematic literature review (2008\u20132023).<\/em> Unpublished systematic review.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15388","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15388","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15388"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15388\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15391,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15388\/revisions\/15391"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}