{"id":15230,"date":"2025-11-30T20:13:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T20:13:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=15230"},"modified":"2025-11-30T20:13:55","modified_gmt":"2025-11-30T20:13:55","slug":"6-12-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-12-22\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0645<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Esraa Hamad Mahawi Al-Hashm<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Researcher, Iraq<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/22' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj612\/22<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/22' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/612\/22<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (12). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 320 - 329<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-10 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-11-18 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-12-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue12\/6-12-22.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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H. M. (2025). Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(12). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Hashm Esraa Hamad Mahawi. 2025. \\&quot;Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 12. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Hashm E. H. M. 2025. Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-12-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(12). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-12-22\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Hashm E. H. M. Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-12-01; 6(12). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Hashm E. H. M, \\&quot;Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Hashm Esraa Hamad Mahawi. \\&quot;Respiratory Toxicity Study of Cumin Oil Against the Four-Spotted Bean Weevil.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 12, 2025-12-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj612\\\/22&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0645 \u0625. \u062d. \u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of cumin essential oil (Carum carvi) against the four-spotted bean weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus), one of the most destructive pests of stored legumes. As concerns grow regarding the hazards of chemical pesticides, cumin oil represents a promising, natural, and eco-friendly alternative for protecting stored products. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the respiratory and contact toxicity of cumin oil in comparison with three other plant essential oils: Ferula gummosa, Pelargonium roseum, and Mentha piperita. Additionally, a nano-formulated extract of cumin was prepared and tested to enhance efficiency and prolong insecticidal action.\r\nThe results revealed a superior respiratory toxicity of cumin oil, which recorded the lowest lethal concentration (LC50) after 72 hours among all tested oils, with no significant difference in susceptibility between male and female insects. The nano-formulated cumin extract demonstrated a remarkable improvement in performance, achieving over 90% adult mortality within just 36 hours, along with a significantly extended residual effect and reduced need for reapplication. Furthermore, sub-lethal concentrations of cumin oil negatively affected reproductive capacity by reducing the number of eggs laid by treated females, contributing to long-term population suppression.\r\nOverall, the findings confirm that cumin oil\u2014particularly in its nano-encapsulated form\u2014serves as an effective and safe option within integrated pest management strategies. It offers a sustainable alternative that reduces reliance on hazardous chemical pesticides and supports safer food storage systems. The study recommends developing practical application formats for the nano-formulation, expanding its testing to other major storage pests, and assessing residue safety on stored commodities.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Respiratory toxicity, Callosobruchus maculatus, cumin oil, nano-capsule formulation, integrated pest management.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0636 (\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 (<em>Carum carvi<\/em>\u00a0L.) \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 (LC50).<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647 (<em>Ferula gummosa<\/em>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (<em>Pelargonium roseum<\/em>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a (<em>Mentha piperita<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00b030 \u00b1 2 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 60\u066a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 16:8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0636\u0648\u0621:\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645). \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1388\u061b \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1383).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 Carum carvi\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647 Ferula gummosa\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 Pelargonium roseum\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a Mentha piperita) \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 (\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00b04 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1386).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 1 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 50 \u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u00b045 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 1 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a 50 \u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 2 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 2 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 1 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 Tween 80 \u06481 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 Span 80) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (pH) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 4 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b010 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a (\u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 2012\u061b \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u060c 1389).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 (\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u060c 1376). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u0644) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 10 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 (\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c 1386\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1399).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u060c 1376). \u062a\u0645 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 10 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641. \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0637. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062a (Abbott, 1925) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1389).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a (LC10, LC50, LC90) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 95\u066a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Probit (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1388). \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 0.05 (\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c 1386\u061b \u063a\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1390(<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a) \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a (LC50)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Probit \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4-12)<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 LC50 \u0628\u0639\u062f 72 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a01.33 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u06481.72 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a02.33 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u06482.17 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a09.81 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u064816.34 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647:<\/strong>\u00a081.94 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648123.93 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1386\u061b \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1389).<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1389)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (P &gt; 0.05) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 LC50 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 <strong>(<\/strong>1<strong>)<\/strong>. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><sub>50<\/sub>Lc \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><sub>50<\/sub>Lc \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a 94\/81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a 93\/123<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b 33\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b 72\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>c 33\/2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>c 17\/2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>d 81\/9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>d 34\/16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 (3 \u0648 4)\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a (20 \u064840 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u0644) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a 90% \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 36 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c 1401). \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (P &lt; 0.01) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2).\u00a0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p><a id=\"post-15230-_Toc165975195\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><sup>*<\/sup>25\/31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><sup>**<\/sup>32\/21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><sup>*<\/sup>45\/27<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><sup>*<\/sup>6\/23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><sup>*<\/sup>76\/23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><sup>**<\/sup>91\/20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u00d7\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>17\/23<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>67\/38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\">\n<p><sup>**<\/sup>\u200c: \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a 01\/0. *: \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a 05\/0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p><a id=\"post-15230-_Toc165975196\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0636\u062f \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06311<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06312<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06313<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u06314<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>c0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b3\/3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>20 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a7\/7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a7\/9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0631)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>c0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0\/00<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>c3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>10 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>B7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>20 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u062a\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a7\/9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 5 \u064810 \u064820 \u064840 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>7\/0\u00b11\/5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2\/0\u00b11\/10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8\/7\u00b10\/15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u00b10\/4 4\/19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645 LC50 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f 36 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 0.97 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 (\u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 2012).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"6\">\n<p><a id=\"post-15230-_Toc165975199\"><\/a> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 50\u060c10 \u064890% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>LC90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>LC10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>LC50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a(\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>16\/5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>9924\/12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5147\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>95\/4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>76\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>92\/6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>5992\/19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>30165\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>524\/3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>123\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>61\/1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>44729\/5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>913079\/0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>35\/2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>97\/0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648 Probit \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (R\u00b2) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 R\u00b2 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.63 \u06480.86 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 4-6\u060c 4-7).\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 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\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 (\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006\u061b \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c 2008).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 LC50) \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 LC50 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u00a0<strong>\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2013)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 LC50 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062f\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 0.136 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647\u00a0\u0634\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1388)\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 LC50 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 2.628 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (9.81 \u064816.34 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1389)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644 (LC50 = 79.78 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631) \u0623\u0648\u00a0<strong>\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0643 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1391)<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u067e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631 (LC50 = 136.36 \u0648 26.06 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 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\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0628. 2006.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. (Isman, M. B. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 45-66).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0632\u0646\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0623. 1365.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u067e\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. 201-309 \u0635.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0622.\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u063a.\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0633. 1389.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 292.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645. 1387.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646. 641-637 \u0635.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633.\u060c \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641. 2008.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633. (Rajendran, S., &amp; Sriranjini, V. 2008. Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44(2): 126-135).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645. \u062d. 1376.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. 125 \u0635.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c.\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645. 1386.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0<em>Callosobruchus maculatus<\/em>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: 75-81.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c.\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0631\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644.\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631.\u060c \u06af\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0634. 1388.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c 3(1): 221-228.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d.\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0631\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641.\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645. 1389.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0647\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0644\u00a0<em>Eletteria cardamomum<\/em>\u00a0\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 242.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c.\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639. 1386.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u00a0<em>Callosobruchus maculatus<\/em>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: 75-81.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645. 1388.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0632.\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u063a.\u060c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633. 1390.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0633 (<em>Lavandula angustifolia<\/em>) \u0648 \u0622\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632 (<em>Zataria multiflora<\/em>) \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c 25(3): 286-295.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0631.\u060c \u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648.\u060c \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0643. 2012.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c 60(16): 4001-4009. (Khotamso, R., Lee, W., &amp; Schmidt, K. 2012. Nanoencapsulation of essential oils for enhanced insecticidal activity: A review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(16): 4001-4009).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633.\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644.\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0633. 2013.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u00a0<em>Tribolium castaneum<\/em>\u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632\u00a0<em>Sitophilus oryzae<\/em>. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 263 \u0648 303.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648.\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0628.\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0633. 2001.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u064a: \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a CABI. (Lee, W., Isman, M. B., &amp; Sarathis, S. 2001. Botanical insecticides: past, present and future. In: Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. CRC Press).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645. 1401.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0642\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 55-67.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623. 1389.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641.\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0642. 1388.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u062c \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u06a9 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u067e\u0634\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u06a9\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632\u064a (\u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc)\u060c 33(2): 37-53.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0628.\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e.\u060c \u06af\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062c. 1389.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u067e\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 305.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abbott, W. S. 1925.<\/strong>\u00a0A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18(2): 265-267.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Isman, M. B. 2006.<\/strong>\u00a0Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 45-66.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Khotamso, R., Lee, W., &amp; Schmidt, K. 2012.<\/strong>\u00a0Nanoencapsulation of essential oils for enhanced insecticidal activity: A review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(16): 4001-4009.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Lee, W., Isman, M. B., &amp; Sarathis, S. 2001.<\/strong>\u00a0Botanical insecticides: past, present and future. In: Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture. CRC Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rajapakse, R., &amp; Van Emden, H. F. 1997.<\/strong>\u00a0Potential of four vegetable oils and ten botanical powders for reducing infestation of cowpeas by\u00a0<em>Callosobruchus maculatus<\/em>,\u00a0<em>C. chinensis<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>C. rhodesianus<\/em>. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33(1): 59-68.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rajendran, S., &amp; Sriranjini, V. 2008.<\/strong>\u00a0Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research, 44(2): 126-135.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15230","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15230"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15232,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15230\/revisions\/15232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}