{"id":14972,"date":"2025-10-31T12:05:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T12:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14972"},"modified":"2025-10-31T12:05:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T12:05:17","slug":"6-11-39","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-11-39\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: Mohamedlith9096@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Mohammed Abdul Latif Fadhil Al-Bayati<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Scholarships and Cultural Relations Directorate, Iraq.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> Mohamedlith9096@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/39' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/39<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 637 - 651<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-39.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A. F. (2025). The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Bayati Mohammed Abdul Latif Fadhil. 2025. \\&quot;The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Bayati M. A. F. 2025. The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-39\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Bayati M. A. F. The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Bayati M. A. F, \\&quot;The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Bayati Mohammed Abdul Latif Fadhil. \\&quot;The Legality of Conducting Medical Experiments in Iraq.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/39&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645. \u0639. \u0641. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the legality of conducting medical experiments in Iraq against the backdrop of the current absence of a dedicated, comprehensive national framework. It proceeds from the premise that medical progress requires research and experimentation as necessities for developing therapeutic methods, while simultaneously safeguarding the right to bodily integrity and human dignity. Using a comparative analytical approach to Iraqi constitutional and statutory provisions (including Medical Liability Law No. 25 of 2018) and to international norms, together with insights from comparative jurisprudence\u2014such as the French regime for protecting human research participants\u2014the study finds that Iraq lacks a specific statute defining the scope and conditions of medical experiments. This gap undermines participant protection and leaves civil-liability foundations uncertain when harm occurs. The study articulates core legality safeguards: rigorous benefit\u2013risk assessment; prior laboratory and animal testing; scientifically grounded protocols under institutional oversight; free, informed, and revocable consent; mandatory liability insurance; and independent research ethics committees. It recommends enacting a national human-research law, establishing an independent regulatory authority, and standardizing consent and compensation mechanisms to balance scientific advancement with participant protection in line with international standards.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Legality of medical experimentation; bodily integrity; Iraqi law; informed consent; civil liability; research ethics.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c 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justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631(\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627) \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (13 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1981\/09\/16) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u060c\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14972-_Toc167668476\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-8\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631<sup> (<sup><a id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-9\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637&#8221; \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-10\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>\u060c\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u064a \u0642\u062f 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\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14972-_Toc167668477\"><\/a><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629- \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 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href=\"#post-14972-footnote-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>&#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-13\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup> \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644 &#8221; \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a 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id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-15\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 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id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-28\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629(1121\/ 2)<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-29\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; 1 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 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href=\"#post-14972-footnote-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<sup>(<sup><a id=\"post-14972-footnote-ref-36\" href=\"#post-14972-footnote-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/em>\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1972.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c <em>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/em>\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 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\u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c <em>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2013.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c <em>\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1979.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c <em>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0634\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2001.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c <em>\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1996.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c <em>\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c <em>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u062c1\/194\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0645\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 1989.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2011.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c 2005.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c <em>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647<\/em>\u060c \u062c\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1985.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629&#8221;\u060c <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063553\u060c 1984.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1989.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2011.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c <em>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2008.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c <em>\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2017.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19)<\/em>\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2021.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><em>Art 1121-2 C.S.P.F<\/em>: \u00abAucune recherche impliquant la personne humaine ne peut \u00eatre effectu\u00e9e\u2026\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><em>Loi relative au respect du corps humain<\/em>, <em>Journal Officiel de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise (JORF)<\/em>, juillet 1994.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><em>Loi du mars 2002 relative aux droits des malades et \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9<\/em>, <em>JORF du mars 2002<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><em>Sa condition \u2013 si la recherche impliquant la personne humaine n&#8217;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue de telle fa\u00e7on que soient r\u00e9duits au minimum la douleur, les d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ments, la peur et tout autre inconv\u00e9nient pr\u00e9visible li\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie ou \u00e0 la recherche, en tenant compte particuli\u00e8rement du degr\u00e9\u2026<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>()\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1979\u060c\u0635 54. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a (566\/3). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627: \u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (4\/53). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635147. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 94-95. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c\u062c1\u060c\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c1972\u060c\u0635119. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c\u062c1\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0635 261-262. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633(2\/153). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 (2\/153) \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\/ \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631(1\/309). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628(310\/1)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a: \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633(2\/154). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>()\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u06311996\u060c\u0635217. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u060c\u063533\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>()\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a(1\/194). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371\u060c 1989\u060c\u06358. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 2\\2020\u060c \u0635271-283. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0640\u0627\u062a- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u06401985\u060c \u0635 52. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>()\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0645\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629- \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u06291989\u060c \u0635191. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f 19. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c 2001-2022\u060c \u063578-79. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 2004\u060c \u063572. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>()\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1979\u060c \u0635 54. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a (566\/3). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627: \u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (4\/53). <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c2005 \u0635 105. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>(()) mars 2002 &#8211; Loi n\u00b0 2002-303 du 04 mars 2002, relative aux droits des malades et \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9, JORF du. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1999 \u0635414. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635. 751. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() Art 1121-2 C.S.P.F: \u00ab Aucune recherche impliquant la personne humaine ne peut \u00eatre effectu\u00e9e:- si elle ne se fonde pas sur le dernier \u00e9tat des connaissances scientifiques et sur une exp\u00e9rimentation pr\u00e9clinique suffisante &#8211; si le risque pr\u00e9visible encouru par les personnes qui se pr\u00eatent \u00e0 la recherche est hors de proportion avec le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice escompt\u00e9 pour ces personnes ou l&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat decette recherche &#8211; si elle ne vise pas \u00e0 \u00e9tendre la connaissance scientifique de l&#8217;\u00eatre humain et les moyens susceptibles d&#8217;am\u00e9liorer<\/p>\n<p>sa condition &#8211; si la recherche impliquant la personne humaine n&#8217;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue de telle fa\u00e7on que soient r\u00e9duits au minimum la douleur, les d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ments, la peur et tout autre inconv\u00e9nient pr\u00e9visible li\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie ou \u00e0 la recherche, en tenant compte particuli\u00e8rement du degr\u00e9 de maturit\u00e9 pour les mineurs et de la capacit\u00e9 de compr\u00e9hension pour\u060cles majeurs hors d&#8217;\u00e9tat d&#8217;exprimer leur consentement. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-30\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c\u0635. 752-751. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-31\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() Loi n\u00b0 94-653 du 29 juillet 1994 relative au respect du corps humain, JORF n\u00b0 175 du 30 juillet 1994 <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-32\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c2011\u060c\u063563. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-33\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0645\u0635\u0631 2013\u060c\u0635 125. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-34\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u063518- 19. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-35\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0646\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c2008\u060c \u0635 76. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-36\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c2002\u060c\u0635103. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14972-footnote-37\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c2011\u060c\u0635 7- 8. <a href=\"#post-14972-footnote-ref-37\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14972","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14972","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14972"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14972\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14989,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14972\/revisions\/14989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}