{"id":14903,"date":"2025-10-31T11:24:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14903"},"modified":"2025-10-31T11:24:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:24:40","slug":"6-11-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-11-13\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0628<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 - \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: s12487365@stu.najah.edu<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wafeeqa Ibrahim Ayyoub<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD Student, An-Najah National University, Palestine.<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Email:<\/span> s12487365@stu.najah.edu<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/13' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/13<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 216 - 230<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-13.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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I. (2025). Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ayyoub Wafeeqa Ibrahim. 2025. \\&quot;Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ayyoub W. I. 2025. Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-13\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ayyoub W. I. Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ayyoub W. I, \\&quot;Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ayyoub Wafeeqa Ibrahim. \\&quot;Exploring the Impact of Alternative Assessment on Students&#039; Motivation in Waldorf Schools: Teachers&#039; Perspectives: A Case Study at the Waldorf School.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/13&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0628 \u0648. \u0625. 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\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to explore the impact of alternative assessment on student motivation within an alternative educational setting, specifically at the Waldorf School in Shefa-Amr.The research explored the perspectives and experiences of teachers working in this school, in light of the growing interest in holistic education and the shift from traditional exam-based assessment to authentic evaluation that aligns with the nature and comprehensive development of the child.\r\nThe study adopted a qualitative interpretive methodology using a case study approach.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers experienced in alternative assessment within the Waldorf philosophy.The findings revealed that alternative assessment effectively reduces test-related anxiety and enhances student engagement, curiosity, and independence in learning, through tools such as portfolios, classroom observation, projects, and descriptive assessment.\r\nHowever, the results also pointed to several challenges, including the lack of quantitative standards, the time and effort required, and limited institutional documentation tools.The study concluded that alternative assessment aligns with the principles of humanistic and holistic learning and fosters intrinsic motivation among students, provided that teachers receive ongoing training and that an organizational structure is in place to support this approach.Recommendations were proposed to develop flexible assessment tools, strengthen professional learning communities, and promote educational policies that accommodate the specific context of Waldorf schools.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Alternative assessment, student motivation, Waldorf schools, strategies of alternative assessment, tools of alternative assessment.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0651 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u061b 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Smith &amp; Brown, 2021)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020).\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629, 2020) .(Wigfield, &amp; Wentzel<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629Freeman &amp; Johnson, 2022)\u061b (Mazzone &amp; Richer,.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 (Smith &amp; Brown, 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1.\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3.\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.(Malley&amp;Pierce,2021).\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (2019) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a (2023) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 (2014) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2022\u060c (Rawson, 2021.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645.\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b ).Deci &amp; Ryan,2017)\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a (2019) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f (Wigfield, Gladstone, &amp; Turci 2021) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a (2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f (Heritage 2020) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 (Alternative Assessment)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627: \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 &#8220;\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647.\u0648&#8221;\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 (O&#8217;Malley&amp; Pierce, 2021) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 Heritage (2020) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Motivation)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062f\u0641\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062b\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 2003).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0627 (Ryan &amp; Deci, 2020).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a: \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Deci &amp; Ryan, 2017)..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 (Holistic Learning) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627: &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628.(\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (Rawson, 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0631\u0649 Ullrich (2019) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 (Waldorf Schools)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627: \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 (Rawson, 2021).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 Rawson (2021) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0643\u0643\u0644: \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 2024- 2025.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 (\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 .(Creswell &amp; Poth, 2018) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 .(Heritage, 2020)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 <\/strong> <br \/>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Interpretive Case Study)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.( (Mazzone &amp; Richer, 2022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Sampling)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u064f\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (2022) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c( \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Data Collection)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 (Semi-Structured Interviews)\u060c\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 45\u201360 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0651\u063a\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Data Analysis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (Constructivist Thematic Analysis) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 Braun &amp; Clarke (2006)\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 (Trustworthiness)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 : \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Member Checking)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 (Transferability): \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Dependability): \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Confirmability): \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a 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\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651.\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a (Self-Determination Theory) \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c.\u0645.\u0628.\u0645.(2003).<em>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/em>.\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623.\u0639.(2019).\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 3<\/em>(25)\u060c 95\u2013112.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u062d.(2019).\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u060c 66<\/em>(66)\u060c 245\u2013284.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u062d.(2022).\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 6<\/em>(11)\u060c 88\u2013109.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648.\u062d.\u0645.(2023).\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 7<\/em>(38)\u060c 104\u2013126.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u0628.\u0639.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0625.\u0628.\u0645.(2020).\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 4<\/em>(34)\u060c 16\u201339.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062c.(2022).<em>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641<\/em>.\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646.\u0635.\u0645.(2022).\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631.<em>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 28<\/em>(2)\u060c 84\u201391.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645.(2018).<em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/em>.\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645.(2014).\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u060c 2<\/em>(11).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a.(2019).\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062e<\/em>.\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.(2023).<em>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aloni, N.(2012).<em>Empowering dialogues in humanistic education<\/em>.Sense Publishers.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Coombe, C.(2019).Alternative assessment in language education: Promoting learner autonomy.<em>TESOL Journal, 10<\/em>(4), e473.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Creswell, J.W., &amp; Poth, C.N.(2018).<em>Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches<\/em> (4th ed.).SAGE Publications.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deci, E.L., &amp; Ryan, R.M.(2017).<em>Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness<\/em>.Guilford Publications.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Freeman, D., &amp; Johnson, K.E.(2022).Reconceptualizing the knowledge\u2010base of language teacher education.<em>TESOL Quarterly, 56<\/em>(1), 9\u201330.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Heritage, M.(2020).<em>Formative assessment: Making it happen in the classroom<\/em> (2nd ed.).Corwin Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mazzone, A., &amp; Richer, J.(2022).Exploring teacher perceptions of alternative assessment in holistic education contexts.<em>Journal of Alternative Education, 15<\/em>(3), 45\u201359.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">O&#8217;Malley, J.M., &amp; Pierce, L.V.(2021).<em>Authentic assessment for English language learners: Practical approaches for teachers<\/em>.Addison-Wesley.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rawson, M.(2021).Learning as a path of inner development: A Waldorf perspective on learning.<em>Research on Steiner Education, 12<\/em>(1), 8\u201319.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rawson, M.(2021).<em>Waldorf education in contemporary contexts: Global perspectives and local practices<\/em>.Hawthorn Press.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ryan, R.M., &amp; Deci, E.L.(2020).Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions.<em>Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61<\/em>, 101860.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Smith, T., &amp; Brown, J.(2021).Alternative approaches to educational assessment: Theory and practice.<em>Journal of Innovative Assessment, 17<\/em>(2), 45\u201359.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ullrich, H.(2019).Rudolf Steiner: Education for life and soul.<em>International Review of Education, 65<\/em>(1), 15\u201335.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wigfield, A., &amp; Wentzel, K.R.(2020).<em>Handbook of motivation at school<\/em> (2nd ed.).Routledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644.\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14903","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14903"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14907,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14903\/revisions\/14907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}