{"id":14865,"date":"2025-10-31T11:19:16","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14865"},"modified":"2025-10-31T11:19:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T11:19:18","slug":"6-11-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-11-5\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634* <sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a <sup>2<\/sup>\u060c \u0630\u0629. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a <sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup>  \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><sup>2<\/sup>   \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><sup>3<\/sup>   \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>*\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644: ibachbadr@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra)<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Dr. Badr Ibayash<sup>1<\/sup>, Dr. Mohammed Kawani<sup>2<\/sup>, Ms. Jamila Al-Saidi<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> PhD Research Student, Hassan II University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Mohammedia.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>2<\/sup> PhD Research Student, Hassan II University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Mohammedia.<\/p><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>3<\/sup> Professor of Higher Education, Hassan II University, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Mohammedia. Corresponding<br><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">email:<\/span> ibachbadr@gmail.com<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/5' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj611\/5<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/5' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/611\/5<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (11). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 80 - 94<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-10-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-11-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue11\/6-11-5.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; gap:8px; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n.hnsj-cite-note{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:13px;opacity:.85}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-backdrop{\r\n  position:fixed; inset:0; background:rgba(0,0,0,.55);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99998;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal{\r\n  position:fixed; left:50%; top:50%; transform:translate(-50%,-50%);\r\n  width:min(760px,94vw); background:#fff; border-radius:14px;\r\n  box-shadow:0 12px 35px rgba(0,0,0,.28);\r\n  display:none; z-index:99999; overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center;\r\n  padding:14px 16px; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; background:#f8fafc;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:800;color:#111827}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close{\r\n  border:1px solid #d1d5db; background:#fff;\r\n  width:34px; height:34px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  font-size:18px; cursor:pointer; line-height:0; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-modal-close:hover{background:#f3f4f6}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-tabs{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; padding:10px 16px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #f0f0f0; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; background:#f3f4f6;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800; color:#111827;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-tab:hover{background:#e5e7eb;border-color:#9ca3af}\r\n.hnsj-tab.active{\r\n  background:#0b5ed7; border-color:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(11,94,215,.18);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-modal-body{padding:14px 16px}\r\n.hnsj-row{\r\n  display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap; align-items:center;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px; justify-content:flex-end;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-select{\r\n  padding:10px 12px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cfcfcf; min-width:220px;\r\n  background:#fff; color:#111827; font-weight:700;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy{\r\n  padding:10px 14px; border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7; background:#0b5ed7; color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer; font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-copy:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\r\n.hnsj-textarea{\r\n  width:100%; min-height:130px; padding:12px;\r\n  border-radius:12px; border:1px solid #cfcfcf;\r\n  line-height:1.7; resize:vertical; color:#111827; background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-actions{display:flex; justify-content:space-between; align-items:center; margin-top:10px; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;}\r\n.hnsj-dl{\r\n  padding:10px 14px;\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  border:1px solid #0b5ed7;\r\n  background:#0b5ed7;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n.hnsj-dl:hover{background:#084bb0;border-color:#084bb0}\r\n\/* Force the citation modal UI to be independent from site RTL\/LTR *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal,\r\n.hnsj-modal *{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n  text-align: left;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Keep the header title readable *\/\r\n.hnsj-modal-header{\r\n  direction: ltr;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  function slugifyFileName(s){\r\n    return (s || 'citation')\r\n      .toString()\r\n      .trim()\r\n      .replace(\/^https?:\\\/\\\/\/i,'')\r\n      .replace(\/[^a-z0-9]+\/gi,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/-+\/g,'-')\r\n      .replace(\/^-|-$\/g,'')\r\n      .toLowerCase();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function downloadTextFile(filename, content, mime){\r\n    var blob = new Blob([content], { type: mime || 'text\/plain;charset=utf-8' });\r\n    var url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\r\n    var a = document.createElement('a');\r\n    a.href = url;\r\n    a.download = filename;\r\n    document.body.appendChild(a);\r\n    a.click();\r\n    a.remove();\r\n    setTimeout(function(){ URL.revokeObjectURL(url); }, 500);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function splitAuthors(str){\r\n    if(!str) return [];\r\n    return str\r\n      .split(\/,|\u061b|\u060c|;|\\n\/g)\r\n      .map(s => s.trim())\r\n      .filter(Boolean);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildRIS(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authors = splitAuthors((langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || ''));\r\n\r\n    let ris = '';\r\n    ris += 'TY  - JOUR\\n';\r\n    if (title)   ris += 'TI  - ' + title + '\\n';\r\n    authors.forEach(a => { ris += 'AU  - ' + a + '\\n'; });\r\n    if (journal) ris += 'JO  - ' + journal + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)  ris += 'PY  - ' + m.year + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)ris += 'VL  - ' + m.volume + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue) ris += 'IS  - ' + m.issue + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)   ris += 'DO  - ' + m.doi + '\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)   ris += 'UR  - ' + m.url + '\\n';\r\n    ris += 'ER  - \\n';\r\n    return ris;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function buildBibTeX(m, langKey){\r\n    const title   = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.title_ar || m.title_en || '') : (m.title_en || m.title_ar || '');\r\n    const journal = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.journal_ar || m.journal_en || '') : (m.journal_en || m.journal_ar || '');\r\n    const authorStr = (langKey === 'ar') ? (m.authors_ar || m.authors_en || '') : (m.authors_en || m.authors_ar || '');\r\n\r\n    const keyBase = slugifyFileName(m.doi || title || 'hnsj');\r\n    const key = (keyBase || 'hnsj').slice(0, 40);\r\n\r\n    let bib = '';\r\n    bib += '@article{' + key + ',\\n';\r\n    if (title)      bib += '  title = {' + title + '},\\n';\r\n    if (authorStr)  bib += '  author = {' + authorStr + '},\\n';\r\n    if (journal)    bib += '  journal = {' + journal + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.year)     bib += '  year = {' + m.year + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.volume)   bib += '  volume = {' + m.volume + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.issue)    bib += '  number = {' + m.issue + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.doi)      bib += '  doi = {' + m.doi + '},\\n';\r\n    if (m.url)      bib += '  url = {' + m.url + '},\\n';\r\n    bib = bib.replace(\/,\\n$\/, '\\n');\r\n    bib += '}\\n';\r\n    return bib;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function initHnsjCite(root){\r\n    if(!root) return;\r\n\r\n    \/\/ Guard: do not bind twice\r\n    if (root.dataset.hnsjInited === '1') return;\r\n    root.dataset.hnsjInited = '1';\r\n\r\n    const openBtn = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-open]');\r\n    const modal   = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-modal]');\r\n    const back    = root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-backdrop]');\r\n    const closeBtn= root.querySelector('[data-hnsj-close]');\r\n\r\n    const tabs    = modal.querySelectorAll('.hnsj-tab');\r\n    const select  = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-style]');\r\n    const box     = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-box]');\r\n    const copyBtn = modal.querySelector('[data-hnsj-copy]');\r\n    const dlBtns  = modal.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-dl]');\r\n\r\n    let lang = 'en';\r\n    let citEn = {};\r\n    let citAr = {};\r\n    let meta = {};\r\n\r\n    function parseData(){\r\n      try{ citEn = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-en') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citEn = {}; }\r\n      try{ citAr = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-cit-ar') || '{}'); }catch(e){ citAr = {}; }\r\n      try{ meta  = JSON.parse(modal.getAttribute('data-meta')  || '{}'); }catch(e){ meta = {}; }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function setLang(newLang){\r\n      lang = newLang;\r\n      tabs.forEach(t => t.classList.toggle('active', t.dataset.lang === lang));\r\n\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      const styles = Object.keys(data);\r\n\r\n      select.innerHTML = '';\r\n      styles.forEach(st => {\r\n        const opt = document.createElement('option');\r\n        opt.value = st;\r\n        opt.textContent = st;\r\n        select.appendChild(opt);\r\n      });\r\n\r\n      box.dir = (lang === 'ar') ? 'rtl' : 'ltr';\r\n      box.style.textAlign = (lang === 'ar') ? 'right' : 'left';\r\n\r\n      if(styles.length){\r\n        select.value = styles[0];\r\n        box.value = data[styles[0]] || '';\r\n      } else {\r\n        box.value = '';\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function openModal(){\r\n      parseData();\r\n      back.style.display = 'block';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'block';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = 'hidden';\r\n      setLang('en');\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function closeModal(){\r\n      back.style.display = 'none';\r\n      modal.style.display = 'none';\r\n      document.body.style.overflow = '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    function onStyleChange(){\r\n      const data = (lang === 'ar') ? citAr : citEn;\r\n      box.value = data[select.value] || '';\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    async function copyCitation(){\r\n      try{\r\n        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(box.value || '');\r\n      }catch(e){\r\n        box.focus(); box.select();\r\n        document.execCommand('copy');\r\n      }\r\n      const old = copyBtn.textContent;\r\n      copyBtn.textContent = (lang === 'ar') ? '\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u2713' : 'Copied \u2713';\r\n      setTimeout(()=> copyBtn.textContent = old, 1200);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    openBtn.addEventListener('click', openModal);\r\n    closeBtn.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n    back.addEventListener('click', closeModal);\r\n\r\n    tabs.forEach(t => t.addEventListener('click', ()=> setLang(t.dataset.lang)));\r\n    select.addEventListener('change', onStyleChange);\r\n    copyBtn.addEventListener('click', copyCitation);\r\n\r\n    dlBtns.forEach(btn => {\r\n      btn.addEventListener('click', function(){\r\n        parseData();\r\n        const kind = btn.getAttribute('data-hnsj-dl'); \/\/ ris or bib\r\n        const langKey = lang || 'en';\r\n        const base = slugifyFileName(meta.doi || meta.title_en || meta.title_ar || 'citation');\r\n\r\n        if (kind === 'ris') {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.ris', buildRIS(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-research-info-systems;charset=utf-8');\r\n        } else {\r\n          downloadTextFile(base + '.bib', buildBibTeX(meta, langKey), 'application\/x-bibtex;charset=utf-8');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', (e)=>{\r\n      if(e.key === 'Escape' && modal.style.display === 'block') closeModal();\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function bootHnsjCite(){\r\n    document.querySelectorAll('[data-hnsj-cite-root]').forEach(initHnsjCite);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Run now if DOM already ready, otherwise wait\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\r\n    document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bootHnsjCite);\r\n  } else {\r\n    bootHnsjCite();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Also handle late injected content (builders\/cache)\r\n  const obs = new MutationObserver(() => bootHnsjCite());\r\n  obs.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true });\r\n\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<div data-hnsj-cite-root id='hnsjCite_24103'>\r\n  <button type='button' class='hnsj-cite-btn' data-hnsj-open>\r\n    <span>\ud83d\udccc<\/span><span>Cite this article<\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal-backdrop' data-hnsj-backdrop><\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class='hnsj-modal' data-hnsj-modal data-meta='{&quot;authors_en&quot;:&quot;Dr. Badr Ibayash, Dr. Mohammed Kawani, Ms. Jamila Al-Saidi&quot;,&quot;authors_ar&quot;:&quot;\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634* \u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0630\u0629. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a&quot;,&quot;title_en&quot;:&quot;The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra)&quot;,&quot;title_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)&quot;,&quot;journal_en&quot;:&quot;Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal&quot;,&quot;journal_ar&quot;:&quot;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&quot;,&quot;year&quot;:&quot;2025&quot;,&quot;volume&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;issue&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;doi&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-5\\\/&quot;,&quot;published_at&quot;:&quot;2025-11-01&quot;}' data-cit-en='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;Ibayash B, Kawani M, Al-Saidi J. (2025). The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Ibayash Badr, Kawani Mohammed, Al-Saidi Jamila. 2025. \\&quot;The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 11. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Ibayash B, Kawani M, Al-Saidi J. 2025. The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-11-01. [Cited 2026-04-25]. 6(11). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-5\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Ibayash B, Kawani M, Al-Saidi J. The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra). Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-11-01; 6(11). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Ibayash B, Kawani M, Al-Saidi J, \\&quot;The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra),\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Ibayash Badr, Kawani Mohammed, Al-Saidi Jamila. \\&quot;The Structuring of Informal Settlements and Their Impacts on the Margins of El Jadida City, Morocco \u2013 A Field Study of the Northwestern Douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, Al-Ghanadra).\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 11, 2025-11-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c. (2025). \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629. 2025. \u00ab\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(11). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c. \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a] 2025-11-01. [\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 2026-04-25]. 6(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-11-5\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c. \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. [\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a]. 2025-11-01\u061b 6(11). \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c. \u00ab\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u00ab\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 - \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645 6\u060c \u0639 11\u060c 2025-11-01\u060c https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj611\\\/5&quot;}'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-header'>\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-title'>Cite \/ \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/div>\r\n    <button class='hnsj-modal-close' type='button' data-hnsj-close aria-label='Close'>\u00d7<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-tabs'>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab active' data-lang='en'>English (Roman)<\/button>\r\n      <button type='button' class='hnsj-tab' data-lang='ar'>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class='hnsj-modal-body'>\r\n      <div class='hnsj-row'>\r\n        <button type='button' class='hnsj-copy' data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629) \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u2013\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2005\u20132025)\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.\r\n\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of restructuring informal settlements on the outskirts of El Jadida City, Morocco, focusing on the northwestern douars (Al-Ashhab, Ibrahim, and Al-Ghanadra) as a field case study. It originates from the observation that these unplanned settlements have become unregulated urban extensions that negatively affect the city\u2019s urban fabric and reflect spatial inequality and weak urban governance.\r\nThe researchers adopted a descriptive\u2013analytical approach supported by fieldwork, topographic and aerial mapping, and statistical data covering the period (2005\u20132025) to explore demographic and spatial transformations in these areas. The results reveal that El Jadida has experienced rapid population and economic growth unmatched by adequate urban planning, leading to both horizontal and vertical informal expansion in its suburbs. The studied douars, originally rural communities, have evolved into densely populated urban neighborhoods lacking basic infrastructure and essential services.\r\nThe study concludes that informal settlements have become one of the major challenges threatening the spatial and urban balance of El Jadida. Despite local authorities\u2019 efforts in restructuring through improvements in public lighting, sanitation, and road paving, the absence of participatory planning and continued rural migration exacerbate the problem. The study recommends adopting a comprehensive long-term urban vision based on proactive planning, sustainable land reserves, and community involvement in upgrading projects to limit the spread of informal housing and promote urban integration.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Informal settlements, urban fabric, suburbs, urban expansion, urban restructuring.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645:<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649)\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061f) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0630\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627.<sup><a id=\"post-14865-footnote-ref-1\" href=\"#post-14865-footnote-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0640\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0640\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0640\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0640\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0640\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075019\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup><a id=\"post-14865-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-14865-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075020\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075021\"><\/a>1.2 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0640\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0640\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621: (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u2013\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u2013\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0640\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0640\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075022\"><\/a>2.2 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0640\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0640\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0640\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0640\u0627 \u062a\u0640\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0640\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0640\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061b<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 ArcGIS\u061b<\/li>\n<li>&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8212; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075023\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1230\" height=\"766\" class=\"wp-image-14876\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-.png\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop\\pdf 3\\\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 3333.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-.png 1230w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3--300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3--1024x638.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3--768x478.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3--18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1230px) 100vw, 1230px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0646\u0637\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633: \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1262\" height=\"884\" class=\"wp-image-14877\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-.png\" alt=\"E:\\\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\\doctorat\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629\\\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-.png 1262w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat--300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat--1024x717.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat--768x538.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat--18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1262px) 100vw, 1262px\" \/> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2005 \u06482025\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 (\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a 2004 \u06482014 \u06482024) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075024\"><\/a>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075025\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075026\"><\/a>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 40 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 <strong>55501 <\/strong>\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>194934<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627<strong>%+251 <\/strong>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 1\u00a0 \u0646\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 1: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a1926 \u06482014<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"633\" height=\"248\" class=\"wp-image-14878\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-3.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-3.png 633w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-3-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-3-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075027\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1982 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u061b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u06cc\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u06cc\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/em> \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/em> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075028\"><\/a>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3) \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1386\" height=\"700\" class=\"wp-image-14880\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png.png\" alt=\"C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop\\pdf 3\\madar 1.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png.png 1386w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png-1024x517.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/c-users-hp-desktop-pdf-3-madar-1-png-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064eArcGis))<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628 <strong>13\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2<\/strong> \u0633\u0646\u0629 1971 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 <strong>33 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2 <\/strong> \u0633\u0646\u0629 2014\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 <strong>%+144 . <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075029\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075030\"><\/a>&#8220;\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645)&#8221;<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075031\"><\/a>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1-1 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2004 \u0648 2018 \u06482024<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2018<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>734<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>692<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>430<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>420<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><em>486<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>367<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>&#8211;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1479<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>982<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: -\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 (\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2018 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>-\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2024\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2004\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>982 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2018 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>1479 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 51+ %\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1650 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2024 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 11.6% \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1-2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2025. \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2009 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u06482011 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a). \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 &#8220;ArcGIS&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2009 \u06482011 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" class=\"wp-image-14882\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png.png\" alt=\"E:\\\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\\doctorat\\\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png-1024x682.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-doctorat-png-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Google Earth\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a( \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c ArcGis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2009 \u06482011\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <strong>22 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 26 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 <strong>6+%.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2009 \u06482011 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 (60\u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2009 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 2011<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631(\u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>119705<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2268<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>11611<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>194<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>136836<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4456<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>13112<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>219<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>104504<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1276<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>21<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>4207<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>361045<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>133<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>28930<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>482<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">(\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644:60 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u00b2)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>232 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>293 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>91 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 615 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 3):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2009 \u06482011<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"983\" height=\"361\" class=\"wp-image-14883\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-6.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-6.png 983w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-6-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-6-768x282.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-6-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 983px) 100vw, 983px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 2009 \u06482011 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 <strong>40+%<\/strong> \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 2009\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 <strong>15+ %\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2009\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 2009 \u06482011 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641. \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 R+2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 R+1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>303<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>540<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>150<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>327<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>189<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>312<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>164<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>642<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1179<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075032\"><\/a>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc8296348\"><\/a> \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 30 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>2-1 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/em><\/h5>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \/\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (5 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0,09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>8,73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>3460<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>692<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>540<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0,11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>10,69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>2100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>420<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>327<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0,06<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>6,44<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1835<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>367<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>312<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>0,26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>25,86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>7395<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1479<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1179<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628 40 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2) \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 28 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2) \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 20 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0644\u0645\u00b2)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075033\"><\/a>2-2 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 50 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"454\" height=\"245\" class=\"wp-image-14884\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-7.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-7.png 454w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-7-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-7-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 454px) 100vw, 454px\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075034\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075035\"><\/a>&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645)&#8221;<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075036\"><\/a>\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 (\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0622\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629) \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 (\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"466\" class=\"wp-image-14886\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-kkkllllllllllll-jpg.jpeg\" alt=\"E:\\\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u064a\\kkkllllllllllll.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-kkkllllllllllll-jpg.jpeg 756w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-kkkllllllllllll-jpg-300x185.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-kkkllllllllllll-jpg-18x12.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 : \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00a0Google Earth \u0633\u0646\u0629 2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2007\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u00a0\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1012\" height=\"403\" class=\"wp-image-14889\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-9.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-9.png 1012w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-9-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-9-768x306.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-9-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\" \/> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a 06\/04\/2022<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>11000 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 15 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629) \u0623\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075037\"><\/a>\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 50 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (5) \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 5: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>4%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>30<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>692<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>8%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>32<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>420<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>8<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>367<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>5%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p>1479<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 20000 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"662\" height=\"650\" class=\"wp-image-14893\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-20181022_112535-jpg.jpeg\" alt=\"E:\\\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\\\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\\20181022_112535.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-20181022_112535-jpg.jpeg 662w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-20181022_112535-jpg-300x295.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e-20181022_112535-jpg-12x12.jpeg 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 662px) 100vw, 662px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0628 03 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075038\"><\/a>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3408 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u061b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u061b<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 R.A.D.E.E.J \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627&#8221; \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621-\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a (SRMCS) .<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2022.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"390\" class=\"wp-image-14894\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-11.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-11.png 905w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-11-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-11-768x331.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/word-image-14865-11-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14865-_Toc210075039\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631&#8221;(\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062c\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0622\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 29 \u060c30\u060c 31 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06312015 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635 320.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (1931-2018) \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). <strong>\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong>. \u0636\u0645\u0646: <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a<\/em>. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629. [\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631].<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f. (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>. \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. [\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u061b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631].<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644. (2015). <strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/strong> \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 <em>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1). \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. [\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629].<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a. (8 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2017). <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>]\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a[.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. (2012). <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/strong>. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/em>\u060c 28\u060c \u0635 \u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. [\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a].<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621. (\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2019). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u2026 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\/\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hlrn.org\/img\/documents\/al-Kassab_Slums_in_Morocco_Ar.pdf\" target=\"_new\">www.hlrn.org\/img\/documents\/al-Kassab_Slums_in_Morocco_Ar.pdf<\/a> (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: 04\/10\/2025).<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647. (2009). <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0629<\/strong> (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a 2008\/2009.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629. (2001). <strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/strong> (\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0632. \u201c2000\/2001\u201d).<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Banque Mondiale &amp; Royaume du Maroc.<\/strong> (2006). Maroc : programme \u00ab Ville sans Bidonvilles \u00bb. Rapport final : analyse d\u2019impact social et sur la pauvret\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Direction de l\u2019Habitat Social et des Affaires Fonci\u00e8res, Secr\u00e9tariat d\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 l\u2019Habitat.<\/strong> (1999). \u00c9tude relative \u00e0 la r\u00e9sorption de l\u2019habitat insalubre : red\u00e9finition des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019intervention, analyse et diagnostic. Rapport transversal, Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire, de l\u2019Environnement, de l\u2019Urbanisme et de l\u2019Habitat, Royaume du Maroc.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Fonds d\u2019\u00c9quipement Communal.<\/strong> (2009). Mission de formation et d\u2019accompagnement des collectivit\u00e9s locales en mati\u00e8re de planification des d\u00e9placements urbains : pr\u00e9-diagnostic PDU du Grand El Jadida.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire, de l\u2019Environnement, de l\u2019Urbanisme et de l\u2019Habitat, Direction de l\u2019Am\u00e9nagement du Territoire.<\/strong> (2000). Le territoire marocain : \u00e9tat des lieux.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Minist\u00e8re d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du Premier ministre, charg\u00e9 de l\u2019Habitat et de l\u2019Urbanisme.<\/strong> (2005). Urbanisme non r\u00e9glementaire au Maroc. Collection : Villes et urbanisme, mai 2005. Royaume du Maroc.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Agence Urbaine d\u2019El Jadida.<\/strong> (2014). Rapport du Conseil d\u2019Administration de l\u2019Agence Urbaine d\u2019El Jadida, 6e session.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-14865-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 29 \u060c30\u060c 31 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u06312015 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635 320. <a href=\"#post-14865-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14865-footnote-2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (1931-2018) \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"#post-14865-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645: \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14865","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14905,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14865\/revisions\/14905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}