{"id":14731,"date":"2025-09-30T21:13:26","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T21:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14731"},"modified":"2025-10-23T07:03:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-23T07:03:18","slug":"6-10-44","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-10-44\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e\u064a<sup>1<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646,<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Wisam Al-Din Abdulwahib Al-Karkhi<sup>1<\/sup>, Prof. Mohammed Mundhir<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Islamic University in Lebanon<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj610\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj610\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/610\/44' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/610\/44<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (10). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 729 - 746<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-09-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-09-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-10-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue10\/6-10-44.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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A, Mundhir M. (2025). Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;Al-Karkhi Wisam Al-Din Abdulwahib, Mundhir Mohammed. 2025. \\&quot;Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 10. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;Al-Karkhi W. A, Mundhir M. 2025. Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-10-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(10). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/ar\\\/6-10-44\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;Al-Karkhi W. A, Mundhir M. Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-10-01; 6(10). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;Al-Karkhi W. A, Mundhir M, \\&quot;Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 10, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;Al-Karkhi Wisam Al-Din Abdulwahib, Mundhir Mohammed. \\&quot;Pakistan\u2019s Peaceful Nuclear Energy and Its Impact on International Relations.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 10, 2025-10-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0648. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0645. (2025). \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. 2025. \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(10). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj610\\\/44&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0648. \u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> Pakistan\u2019s peaceful nuclear program represents one of the most strategic avenues through which the state has sought to address its developmental challenges and strengthen its regional and international standing. Although officially declared as a peaceful endeavor aimed at electricity generation, scientific research, and achieving self-sufficiency in key sectors, the program has remained politically and security-sensitive due to Pakistan\u2019s possession of nuclear weapons. The study reveals that the peaceful nuclear program has had a dual impact on Pakistan\u2019s international relations: on the one hand, it provided opportunities for cooperation with major powers such as China and opened prospects for scientific and technological partnerships; on the other hand, it attracted international pressure and intensive monitoring from Western powers and the International Atomic Energy Agency. The research concludes that Pakistan\u2019s ability to benefit from its peaceful nuclear program depends largely on enhancing transparency, clearly separating its civilian and military dimensions, and employing the program as a diplomatic tool to build trust with the international community.<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Peaceful Nuclear Program, Pakistan, International Relations, Nuclear Transparency, Technological Cooperation.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 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\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a (KANUPP)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a (MED) \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 4800 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640 1600 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b(<sup><a id=\"post-14731-footnote-ref-2\" href=\"#post-14731-footnote-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b_ \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0627 1-4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0627 1 (CHASNUPP 1) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a (SNERDI)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 1\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2000\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a 40 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 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justify;\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (PAEC) \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (PNPFC) \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (stability\u2013instability paradox ) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u00ab\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u00bb \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0644 (\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u2013\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1999) \u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f 1998\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 2001\u20132002 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2019 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 2025 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.(<sup><a id=\"post-14731-footnote-ref-23\" href=\"#post-14731-footnote-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u00bb (No First Use) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u00bb (full-spectrum deterrence) \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a.(<sup><a id=\"post-14731-footnote-ref-24\" href=\"#post-14731-footnote-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b_ \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 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justify;\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h1>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2023.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 42 \u060c2019.<\/li>\n<li>Nuclear Power in Pakistan, Article published on February 4, 2025 at the following link, https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-o-s\/pakistan?utm_source=chatgpt.com, Date of visit1-9-2025.<\/li>\n<li>Khalid, I, Pakistan\u2019s nuclear development (1974-1998): External pressures. South Asian Studies: A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, vol 30 (1), 2015.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c 2019.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f24\u060c 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Aneesa Aslam, China-Pakistan Civil Nuclear Cooperation, Article published on February 4, 2025 at the following link,26-2-2022 https:\/\/moderndiplomacy.eu\/2022\/02\/26\/china-pakistan-civil-nuclear-cooperation\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com,<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 1947_1972\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 2024.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 6\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Omar Yusuf, Pakistan Streamlines its National Nuclear Power Programme with IAEA Support, Posted on,13-2-2020 On the following link https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/pakistan-streamlines-its-national-nuclear-power-programme-with-iaea-support?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 39\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Hassan Muhammad, 1965 Indo-Pakistan War: An Overview, International Journal of Human Society. Vol. 4. No. 01, 2024, P763.<\/li>\n<li>Shannon N. Kile, Hans M. Kristensen, \u201cWorld nuclear forces\u201d, SIPRI Yearbook 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Iram Khalid, Zakia Bano, Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Development (1974-1998): External Pressures, South Asian Studies Journal, Vol. 30, No.1, January\u2013June 2015,<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 (1947_2025)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15-8-2025 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a https:\/\/www.democraticac.de\/?p=106042\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631.. \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 2019 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-4-2025 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a https:\/\/al-ain.com\/article\/pakistan-india-kashmir-attack\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1- 9-2025.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2013.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 45\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f12\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2016.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4\u060c 2019.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5\u060c 2023.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a1947: 1949\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2012.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c 2024.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a https:\/\/www.alestiklal.net\/ar\/article\/dep-news-1566818537\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19-12-2021\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a https:\/\/eurasiaar.org\/russia-and-pakistan-cooperate\/\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>() \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2023\u060c \u063544.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>() \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 42 \u060c2019\u060c \u0635 1482.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-3\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>() Nuclear Power in Pakistan, Article published on February 4, 2025 at the following link, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-o-s\/pakistan?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>https:\/\/world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/country-profiles\/countries-o-s\/pakistan?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/strong><\/a><strong>, Date of visit1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-4\">\n<p><strong>() Khalid, I, Pakistan\u2019s nuclear development (1974-1998): External pressures. South Asian Studies: A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, vol 30 (1), 2015, p 225.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-5\">\n<p><strong>() Nuclear Power in Pakistan, Previous electronic reference.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-6\">\n<p><strong>() Nuclear Power in Pakistan, Previous electronic reference.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-7\">\n<p><strong>() \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635722.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-8\">\n<p><strong>() \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f24\u060c 2024\u060c \u0635259.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-9\">\n<p><strong>() Aneesa Aslam,<\/strong> <strong>China-Pakistan Civil Nuclear Cooperation,<\/strong> <strong>Article published on February 4, 2025 at the following link,26-2-2022<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/moderndiplomacy.eu\/2022\/02\/26\/china-pakistan-civil-nuclear-cooperation\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>https:\/\/moderndiplomacy.eu\/2022\/02\/26\/china-pakistan-civil-nuclear-cooperation\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/strong><\/a><strong>, Date of visit 1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-10\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 1947_1972\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 2024\u060c \u0635 151.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-11\">\n<p><strong>() \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635720.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-12\">\n<p><strong>() \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635721.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-13\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 6\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c 2025\u060c \u063593.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-14\">\n<p>() <strong>Omar Yusuf, Pakistan Streamlines its National Nuclear Power Programme with IAEA Support, Posted on,13-2-2020 On the following link <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/pakistan-streamlines-its-national-nuclear-power-programme-with-iaea-support?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong>https:\/\/www.iaea.org\/newscenter\/news\/pakistan-streamlines-its-national-nuclear-power-programme-with-iaea-support?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/strong><\/a><strong> , Date of visit1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-15\">\n<p><strong>() \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 39\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 13\u060c 2018\u060c \u063581.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-16\">\n<p><strong>() Omar Yusuf, Pakistan Streamlines its National Nuclear Power Programme with IAEA Support,Previous electronic reference.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-17\">\n<p><strong>() The same electronic reference.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-18\">\n<p><strong>() Hassan Muhammad, 1965 Indo-Pakistan War: An Overview, International Journal of Human Society. Vol. 4. No. 01, 2024, P763.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-19\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06351489.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-20\">\n<p><strong>() Shannon N. Kile, Hans M. Kristensen, \u201cWorld nuclear forces\u201d, SIPRI Yearbook 2018, p.268.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-21\">\n<p><strong>() Iram Khalid, Zakia Bano, Pakistan\u2019s Nuclear Development (1974-1998): External Pressures, South Asian Studies Journal, Vol. 30, No.1, January\u2013June 2015, pp. 221, <\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-22\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 (1947_2025)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15-8-2025 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.democraticac.de\/?p=106042\"><strong>https:\/\/www.democraticac.de\/?p=106042<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-23\">\n<p>() <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631.. \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 2019 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-4-2025 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/al-ain.com\/article\/pakistan-india-kashmir-attack\"><strong>https:\/\/al-ain.com\/article\/pakistan-india-kashmir-attack<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1- 9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-24\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06351485.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-25\">\n<p><strong>() \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2013 \u0635 131.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-26\">\n<p><strong>() \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 45\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f12\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635102.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-27\">\n<p><strong>() \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06351488.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-28\">\n<p><strong>() \u0639\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4\u060c 2019\u060c \u063545\u060c46.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-29\">\n<p><strong>() \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635 130.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-30\">\n<p><strong>() \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a1947: 1949\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635121.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-31\">\n<p><strong>() \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c 2024\u060c \u063581.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-31\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-32\">\n<p><strong>() \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635135.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-32\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-33\">\n<p><strong>() \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alestiklal.net\/ar\/article\/dep-news-1566818537\"><strong>https:\/\/www.alestiklal.net\/ar\/article\/dep-news-1566818537<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-33\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-34\">\n<p><strong>() \u0633\u0631\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 10\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635299.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-34\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-35\">\n<p><strong>() \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19-12-2021\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/eurasiaar.org\/russia-and-pakistan-cooperate\/\"><strong>https:\/\/eurasiaar.org\/russia-and-pakistan-cooperate\/<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 1-9-2025.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-35\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14731-footnote-36\">\n<p><strong>() \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0634\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/strong> <a href=\"#post-14731-footnote-ref-36\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 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