{"id":14397,"date":"2025-09-02T10:42:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T10:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/?page_id=14397"},"modified":"2025-09-17T20:20:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T20:20:45","slug":"6-9-38","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/6-9-38\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"journal-article\" style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><h3 style='text-align: right; font-family:Simplified Arabic;'>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621<\/h3><p style='text-align:right; font-weight:bold; direction:rtl;'>\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0636\u064a\u0628<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:rtl; text-align:right; font-size:12px; line-height:1.5;'><p><sup>1<\/sup> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/p><\/div><h4 style='text-align:left; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed; font-family:Times New Roman;'>The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum<\/h4><p style='text-align:left; font-weight:bold; direction:ltr; margin-top:12px;'>Kadhim Abdullah Ghudhayb<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><div style='direction:ltr; text-align:left; font-size:12px; line-height:1.7; margin-bottom:10px;'><p style='margin:0 0 8px 0;'><sup>1<\/sup> Master&#039;s Graduate in Public Law, Islamic University of Lebanon<\/p><\/div><p style='text-align:left;'><strong>DOI:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/38' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53796\/hnsj69\/38<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b:<\/strong> <a href='https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/38' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>https:\/\/arsri.org\/10000\/69\/38<\/a><\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (6) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (9). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> 611 - 625<\/p><p style='text-align: right;'><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-08-07 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644:<\/strong> 2025-08-15 | <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong> 2025-09-01<\/p><p><a href='\/volume6\/issue9\/6-9-38.pdf' target='_blank' rel='noopener' style='background-color:green;color:white;padding:10px 15px;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;'>Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n.hnsj-cite-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex; 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(2025). The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;14397. 2025. \\&quot;The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal 6, no. 9. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;14397. 2025. The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet] 2025-09-01. [Cited 2026-04-24]. 6(9). Available at: https:\\\/\\\/www.hnjournal.net\\\/6-9-38\\\/. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;Vancouver&quot;:&quot;14397. The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum. Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal. [Internet]. 2025-09-01; 6(9). Available from: https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;IEEE&quot;:&quot;14397, \\&quot;The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum,\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025. https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;MLA&quot;:&quot;14397. \\&quot;The Role of International Agreements in the Issue of Asylum.\\&quot; Humanities &amp; Natural Sciences Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, 2025-09-01, https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;}' data-cit-ar='{&quot;APA&quot;:&quot;\u063a\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0643. \u0639. (2025). \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;Chicago&quot;:&quot;\u063a\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. 2025. \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621\u00bb. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 6(9). https:\\\/\\\/doi.org\\\/10.53796\\\/hnsj69\\\/38&quot;,&quot;Harvard&quot;:&quot;\u063a\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0643. \u0639. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. 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data-hnsj-copy>Copy<\/button>\r\n        <select class='hnsj-select' data-hnsj-style><\/select>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <textarea class='hnsj-textarea' data-hnsj-box readonly><\/textarea>\r\n\r\n      <div class='hnsj-actions'>\r\n        <div style='display:flex; gap:10px; flex-wrap:wrap;'>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='ris'>Download RIS<\/button>\r\n          <button type='button' class='hnsj-dl' data-hnsj-dl='bib'>Download BibTeX<\/button>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style='text-align:justify; direction:rtl;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635: <\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646.\r\n<\/p><p style='text-align:right;'><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1951 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 1967\u061b \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p style='text-align:justify; direction:ltr;'><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This study examines the role of international agreements in addressing the refugee issue as a collective responsibility that became evident amid the waves of displacement during the two World Wars and was institutionalized through the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. The core question concerns the practical effectiveness of this framework and the obstacles that hinder its implementation. Adopting a descriptive\u2013analytical inductive approach, the study is structured in two parts: the first outlines the principles and forms of political asylum, underscoring the centrality of non-refoulement and the non-extradition of political offenders, and distinguishes between territorial and diplomatic asylum and the limits of each in light of territorial sovereignty and international custom. The second analyzes the effectiveness of international organizations (UN bodies, UNHCR, and cooperation with humanitarian organizations such as the ICRC) and regional mechanisms (the African Union and the Kampala Convention, and the League of Arab States and its human-rights mechanisms) in protection and response.\r\nThe findings indicate that, while these agreements provide an advanced normative framework, gaps in domestic incorporation, securitization of refugee issues, divergent interpretations, and resource constraints impede equal protection. The study recommends closer alignment of national laws with the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol; stronger monitoring and accountability mechanisms; contingency planning and responses grounded in burden-sharing and sustainable financing; and intensified international and regional cooperation to ensure effective protection that safeguards refugees\u2019 rights to life, liberty, and dignity.\r\n<\/p><p style='direction:ltr; text-align:left;'><strong>Keywords: <\/strong> Refugees; Non-refoulement; Non-extradition of political offenders; 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol; UNHCR; International protection; African Union; League of Arab States.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a id=\"post-14397-_Toc163989129\"><\/a><a id=\"post-14397-_Toc175143419\"><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 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style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 (12) \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2017<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0640\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0640\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2005.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2018.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2003.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2013.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2007.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 2009.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1. \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1987<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1945<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b_ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\">www.ohchr.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 12\u0640\u0640 7\u0640\u06402024.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\">www.ohchr.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 12 7\u0640 2024.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\">www.un.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 25\u0640\u06407\u0640\u06402024.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <a style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/resources\/documents\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/resources\/documents<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 25\u0640\u06407\u0640\u06402024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0640\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635 91. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-2\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\">www.ohchr.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 12\u0640\u0640 7\u0640\u06402024. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-2\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ohchr.org\">www.ohchr.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 12 7\u0640 2024. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-3\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-4\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635 89. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-4\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-5\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1987. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-6\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 199. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-6\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-7\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0640\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0640\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0640\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0640\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635176. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-7\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-8\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>()<\/sup> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.un.org\">www.un.org<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 25\u0640\u06407\u0640\u06402024. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-8\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-9\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635139. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-9\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-10\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2018\u060c 43. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-10\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-11\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 31. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-11\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-12\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><sup>() <\/sup>\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/resources\/documents\">https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/ar\/resources\/documents<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 25\u0640\u06407\u0640\u06402024. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-12\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-13\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635722. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-13\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-14\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 44. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-14\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-15\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 54. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-15\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-16\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (19) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-16\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-17\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (1\/7) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a). <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-17\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-18\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635 111. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-18\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-19\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 25. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-19\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-20\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 12. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-20\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-21\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 6. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-21\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-22\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 67. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-22\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-23\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2013\u060c \u06353. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-23\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-24\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 2007\u060c \u063513. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-24\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-25\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 67. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-25\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-26\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635 175. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-26\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-27\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 112. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-27\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-28\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 126. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-28\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-29\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p>() \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 132. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-29\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"post-14397-footnote-30\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">() \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635 156. <a href=\"#post-14397-footnote-ref-30\">\u2191<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0640\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0640\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14397","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14397"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14510,"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14397\/revisions\/14510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hnjournal.net\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}